Effect of shoulder's centralized exercise and pushrim activated power assisted wheelchair on shoulder pain and function veterans affected by paraplegic spinal cord injury

Abstract— Accumulating evidence supports that spinal cord injury (SCI) produces robust inflammatory plasticity. We previously showed that the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α is increased in the spinal cord after SCI. SCI also induces a systemic inflammatory response that can impact peripheral organ functions. The kidney plays an important role in maintaining cardiovascular health. However, SCI-induced inflammatory response in the kidney and the subsequent effect on renal function have not been well characterized. This study investigated the impact of high and low thoracic (T) SCI on C-fos, TNFα, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 expression in the kidney at acute and sub-chronic timepoints. Adult C57BL/6 mice received a moderate contusion SCI or sham procedures at T4 or T10. Uninjured mice served as naïve controls. mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and C-fos, and TNFα and C-fos protein expression were assessed in the kidney and spinal cord 1 day and 14 days post-injury. The mRNA levels of all targets were robustly increased in the kidney and spinal cord, 1 day after both injuries. Whereas IL-6 and TNFα remained elevated in the spinal cord at 14 days after SCI, C-fos, IL-6, and TNFα levels were sustained in the kidney only after T10 SCI. TNFα protein was significantly upregulated in the kidney 1 day after both T4 and T10 SCI. Overall, these results clearly demonstrate that SCI induces robust systemic inflammation that extends to the kidney. Hence, the presence of renal inflammation can substantially impact renal pathophysiology and function after SCI.

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Aberrant reflexes and function of the pelvic organs following spinal cord injury in man

Autonomic Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.autneu.2006.03.010 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 126-127 ◽

pp. 355-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Michael D. Craggs ◽

Amirthe Vernie Balasubramaniam ◽

Eric A.L. Chung ◽

Anton V. Emmanuel

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Pelvic Organs ◽

Cord Injury ◽

And Function

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Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for treatment of shoulder pain after spinal cord injury: A case report

Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine ◽

10.1080/10790268.2017.1293329 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 119-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniela Mehech ◽

Melvin Mejia ◽

Gregory A. Nemunaitis ◽

John Chae ◽

Richard D. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Case Report ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Shoulder Pain ◽

Nerve Stimulation ◽

Peripheral Nerve Stimulation ◽

Cord Injury

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The Reorganization of Insular Subregions in Individuals with Below-Level Neuropathic Pain following Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2020/2796571 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Xuejing Li ◽

Ling Wang ◽

Qian Chen ◽

Yongsheng Hu ◽

Jubao Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Anterior Insula ◽

Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Vas Scores ◽

And Function

Objective. To investigate the reorganization of insular subregions in individuals suffering from neuropathic pain (NP) after incomplete spinal cord injury (ISCI) and further to disclose the underlying mechanism of NP. Method. The 3D high-resolution T1-weighted structural images and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) of all individuals were obtained using a 3.0 Tesla MRI system. A comparative analysis of structure and function connectivity (FC) with insular subareas as seeds in 10 ISCI individuals with below-level NP (ISCI-P), 11 ISCI individuals without NP (ISCI-N), and 25 healthy controls (HCs) was conducted. Associations between the structural and functional alteration of insula subregions and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were analyzed using the Pearson correlation in SPSS 20. Results. Compared with ISCI-N patients, when the left posterior insula as the seed, ISCI-P showed increased FC in right cerebellum VIIb and cerebellum VIII, Brodmann 37 (BA 37). When the left ventral anterior insula as the seed, ISCI-P indicated enhanced FC in right BA18 compared with ISCI-N patients. These increased FCs positively correlated with VAS scores. Relative to HCs, ISCI-P presented increased FC in the left hippocampus when the left dorsal anterior insula was determined as the seed. There was no statistical difference in the volume of insula subregions among the three groups. Conclusion. Our study indicated that distinctive patterns of FC in each subregion of insula suggest that the insular subareas participate in the NP processing through different FC following ISCI. Further, insula subregions could serve as a therapeutic target for NP following ISCI.

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Myelin Debris Stimulates NG2/CSPG4 Expression in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages in the Injured Spinal Cord

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fncel.2021.651827 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Liu ◽

Grace Hammel ◽

Minjun Shi ◽

Zhijian Cheng ◽

Sandra Zivkovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Phagocytic Capacity ◽

Myelin Sheaths ◽

Cellular Debris ◽

Cord Injury ◽

And Function ◽

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury ◽

First Time

Although the increased expression of members of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan family, such as neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2), have been well documented after an injury to the spinal cord, a complete picture as to the cellular origins and function of this NG2 expression has yet to be made. Using a spinal cord injury (SCI) mouse model, we describe that some infiltrated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMΦ) are early contributors to NG2/CSPG4 expression and secretion after SCI. We demonstrate for the first time that a lesion-related form of cellular debris generated from damaged myelin sheaths can increase NG2/CSPG4 expression in BMDMΦ, which then exhibit enhanced proliferation and decreased phagocytic capacity. These results suggest that BMDMΦ may play a much more nuanced role in secondary spinal cord injury than previously thought, including acting as early contributors to the NG2 component of the glial scar.

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