Evaluation of Spring wheat Cultivars for Physiological, Morphological and Agronomic Traits under Drought Stress

Kubota, H., Quideau, S. A., Hucl, P. J. and Spaner, D. M. 2015. The effect of weeds on soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and agronomic traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic management in Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 615–627. Understanding the influence of weeds in agroecosystems may aid in developing efficient and sustainable organic wheat production systems. We examined the effect of weeds on soil microbial communities and the performance of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic management in Edmonton, AB, Canada. We grew 13 Canadian spring wheat cultivars in organically managed hand-weeded less-weedy and weedy treatments in 2010 and 2011. The less-weedy treatment exhibited greater grain yield and tillers per square meter, while kernel weight, test weight, days to maturity, plant height, grain P and protein content were not altered by weed treatment. Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat cultivars CDC Go and CDC Kernen were the most yield-stable because they minimized fertile tiller reduction in response to weed pressure (10 and 13% reduction, respectively, compared with the average reduction of 20%). Other cultivars exhibited yield stability through increased kernel weight. The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to the total phospholipid fatty acid increased in both treatments; however, the rate of this increase was greater in the weedy treatment than the less-weedy treatment (from 2.9 to 3.9%, from 2.8 to 3.1%, respectively). Weed dry biomass was positively correlated with AMF% in the less-weedy treatment only. Organic systems tend to be weedier than conventional systems. We found that weeds are important determinants of AMF proliferation in soil. In addition, choosing wheat cultivars that maintain important yield components under severe weed stress is one strategy to maximize yields in organic systems.

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Evaluation of Diversity and Traits Correlation in Spring Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb.7.3.9592 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza NAGHAVI ◽

Mahmoud TOORCHI ◽

Mohammad MOGHADDAM ◽

Mohammad Reza SHAKIBA

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Wheat Cultivars

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Evaluation of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) infestation and relationship with agronomic traits in selected spring wheat cultivars in northwestern Montana, United States of America

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2018.37 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 150 (5) ◽

pp. 675-683 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Erik R. Echegaray ◽

Christopher R. Barbour ◽

Luther Talbert ◽

Robert N. Stougaard

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

United States Of America ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Heading Date ◽

Test Weight ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽

Wheat Midge

AbstractThe wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a serious pest of spring wheat in North America. Currently, most commercial cultivars in the state of Montana, United States of America are susceptible. A study was conducted to assess the variability of adapted spring wheat cultivars to wheat midge infestations. A secondary objective was to determine the relationship between wheat midge infestation levels and spring wheat agronomic traits, including yield, test weight, grain protein, plant height, and heading date. This relationship was determined by evaluating 16 hard red spring wheat cultivars over a six-year period at the Northwestern Agricultural Research Center, near Kalispell, Montana. Levels of infestation had a negative impact on grain yield and test weight. Overall, the average infestation level was 40 larvae/spike with the lowest being observed with “Reeder” and the highest for “Thatcher”. Concurrently, “Reeder” had the highest yield, whereas “Thatcher” had the lowest yield and the highest grain protein, demonstrating that wheat midge infestations were positively associated with grain protein. Heading date had a positive association with midge density with higher infestations associated with later maturing cultivars. The economic injury level was estimated at 12 and 20 midge larvae/spike for a market price of USD $0.27 and USD $0.16/kg, respectively.

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Evaluation of Diversity and Traits Correlation in Spring Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb739592 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 349-354

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza NAGHAVI ◽

Mahmoud TOORCHI ◽

Mohammad MOGHADDAM ◽

Mohammad Reza SHAKIBA

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Total Variation ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Root Diameter ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Two Factors ◽

Yield Factor

In order to study of diversity and classify agro-morphological characters under normal irrigation and drought stress in spring wheat cultivars, 20 cultivars were evaluated in the research farm of University of Tabriz, Iran. According to the results, significant correlation was found between grain yield and number of spikes per plant, number of tiller per plant, number of fertile tillers, spike length, root length, root number, root volume, root diameter and root dry weight under both conditions. Moreover, 1,000 grain weight and plant dry weight had significant positive correlation with grain yield under drought stress. Factor analysis detected four and two factors which explained 96.77% and 90.59% of the total variation in normal irrigation and drought stress conditions, respectively. In drought stress condition the first factor justified 69.52% of total variation and was identified as yield factor. The second factor explained 21.07% of total variation and represented the biomass and plant height factor. Cluster analysis was based on the four and two factors obtained. According to the amount of factors for clusters obtained under drought stress, ‘Kavir’, ‘Niknejhad’, ‘Moghan 3’, ‘Darya’ and ‘Marvdasht’ were identified as the most drought tolerant cultivars. Other cluster was comprised of ‘Bahar’, ‘Pishtaz’, ‘Bam’, ‘Sepahan’, ‘Sistan’, ‘Pars’ and ‘Sivand’ and was named as the most sensitive under drought stress. Tolerant cultivars identified within the study can be used for direct culture or as genitors in breeding programs.

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Agronomic Traits Improvement and Associations in Hard Red Spring Wheat Cultivars Released in North Dakota from 1968 to 2006

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2007.01.0018 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 158-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Jesse L. Underdahl ◽

Mohamed Mergoum ◽

Joel. K. Ransom ◽

Blaine G. Schatz

Keyword(s):

North Dakota ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Hard Red Spring Wheat

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A genetic examination of early flowering and maturity in Canadian spring wheat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p06-002 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 995-1004 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. Iqbal ◽

A. Navabi ◽

D. F. Salmon ◽

Rong-Cai Yang ◽

D. Spaner

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Tiller Number ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Spikelet Number ◽

Diallel Mating Design

Under short-season western Canadian growing conditions, vernalization non-responsiveness is generally considered a preferable spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) phenotype, to avoid inconsistent maturity and yield patterns. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic factors affecting early flowering and maturity, and related agronomic traits, in a set of five Canadian spring wheat cultivars. The cultivars were first studied under 10- and 16-h photoperiods and 0- and 42-d vernalization treatments. Thereafter, the parents and F1 hybrids from a one-way diallel mating design were grown with and without a 42-d vernalization treatment. Shorter photoperiod delayed flowering time in all cultivars, and increased final leaf number in AC Barrie. Vernalization hastened flowering and decreased final leaf number in AC Foremost and AC Taber. AC Foremost and AC Taber carry at least one different allele, from the rest of the cultivars studied, at the major loci governing vernalization response. Leaf and spikelet number on the main culm, days to anthesis and maturity, tiller number and yield plant-1 were mainly controlled by additive gene action. Narrow-sense heritability was medium to high (0.53–0.93) for final leaf number, days to anthesis, spikelet number and grain yield, but low to medium (0.20–0.71) for days to maturity and tiller number. Selection for early flowering under non-vernalizing conditions may aid in the breeding of (vernalization non-responsive) early-maturing spring wheat cultivars in western Canada. Key words: Diallel cross, earliness, photoperiod, vernalization, Triticum aestivum L.

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