Evaluation of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) infestation and relationship with agronomic traits in selected spring wheat cultivars in northwestern Montana, United States of America

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik R. Echegaray ◽  
Christopher R. Barbour ◽  
Luther Talbert ◽  
Robert N. Stougaard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
Wheat Midge

AbstractThe wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a serious pest of spring wheat in North America. Currently, most commercial cultivars in the state of Montana, United States of America are susceptible. A study was conducted to assess the variability of adapted spring wheat cultivars to wheat midge infestations. A secondary objective was to determine the relationship between wheat midge infestation levels and spring wheat agronomic traits, including yield, test weight, grain protein, plant height, and heading date. This relationship was determined by evaluating 16 hard red spring wheat cultivars over a six-year period at the Northwestern Agricultural Research Center, near Kalispell, Montana. Levels of infestation had a negative impact on grain yield and test weight. Overall, the average infestation level was 40 larvae/spike with the lowest being observed with “Reeder” and the highest for “Thatcher”. Concurrently, “Reeder” had the highest yield, whereas “Thatcher” had the lowest yield and the highest grain protein, demonstrating that wheat midge infestations were positively associated with grain protein. Heading date had a positive association with midge density with higher infestations associated with later maturing cultivars. The economic injury level was estimated at 12 and 20 midge larvae/spike for a market price of USD $0.27 and USD $0.16/kg, respectively.

scholarly journals First record of Euxestonotus error (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in the Pacific Northwest, United States of America

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.R. Echegaray ◽  
R.N. Stougaard ◽  
B. Bohannon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
First Record ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northwestern Montana

AbstractEuxestonotus error (Fitch) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) is considered part of the natural enemy complex of the wheat midge Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Although previously reported in the United States of America, there is no record for this species outside the state of New York since 1865. A survey conducted in the summer of 2015 revealed that E. error is present in northwestern Montana and is likely playing a role in the suppression of wheat midge populations.

Possible sources of resistance to the wheat midge in wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Barker ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

The objective of this study was to find resistance in wheat cultivars to the wheat midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana [Géhin]). A total of 61 spring and 61 winter wheats were assayed in 1992 to 1994. Thirteen selected cultivars were planted in 1994. Three kinds of apparent response to midge infestation were found. Eight winter wheat cultivars suffered neither the usual typical kind nor high numbers of shrivelling of the seeds often attributed to the midge, but produced instead small numbers of shorter and more rounded (tubby) seeds which could be due to midge activity. Cultivar RL5708 differed from all other cultivars in that it showed low proportions of damaged seeds, which were often associated with dead midge larvae. The third group included lines and cultivars showing the typical shrivelling of the seeds due to the wheat midge. In 1993 most late-planted spring wheat cultivars were less affected by the midge than the same cultivars planted earlier probably because of asynchrony between times of wheat flowering and midge opposition. The incorporation of resistance to the wheat midge into hard red spring wheats should contribute to a reduction of wheat losses in years when wheat midge are abundant. Key words: Winter wheat, spring wheat, wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana, resistance

Seed damage by Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) to spring wheat cultivars with the Sm1 gene

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian L. Wise ◽  
Stephen L. Fox ◽  
Marjorie A.H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractSix resistant spring wheat cultivars with the Sm1 gene were assessed for seed damage by the orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)) in laboratory and field tests. All resistant cultivars deterred larvae from developing on the seed and had significantly less yield losses than susceptible wheat cultivars. Vesper was the first cultivar with Sm1 that also deterred oviposition by the wheat midge. Seed damage to all resistant cultivars decreased the later plants were exposed to adult midge from the time spikes emerged from the boot until anthesis. Spikes of susceptible wheat cultivars had lower yield losses when exposed two or more days after emergence than spikes exposed at the time of emergence. Seed damage to resistant wheat caused dorsal and lateral distortions of the seed and often altered seed colour and shape. The pedigree of the resistant cultivars had no effect on the extent of seed damage. Shaw wheat had the least amount of seed damage and no third instars on the seed in both field and laboratory tests. All other cultivars had a few small third instars and similar levels of seed damage in laboratory tests, with Fieldstar being the least effective. In at least one mean site-year Shaw had significantly less yield losses than the other resistant cultivars. It is recommended that Shaw be used as the standard for the selection of future spring wheat cultivars with Sm1.

The effect of weeds on soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and agronomic traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) under organic management in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kubota ◽  
Sylvie A. Quideau ◽  
Pierre J. Hucl ◽  
Dean M. Spaner
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Organic Systems

Kubota, H., Quideau, S. A., Hucl, P. J. and Spaner, D. M. 2015. The effect of weeds on soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and agronomic traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic management in Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 615–627. Understanding the influence of weeds in agroecosystems may aid in developing efficient and sustainable organic wheat production systems. We examined the effect of weeds on soil microbial communities and the performance of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic management in Edmonton, AB, Canada. We grew 13 Canadian spring wheat cultivars in organically managed hand-weeded less-weedy and weedy treatments in 2010 and 2011. The less-weedy treatment exhibited greater grain yield and tillers per square meter, while kernel weight, test weight, days to maturity, plant height, grain P and protein content were not altered by weed treatment. Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat cultivars CDC Go and CDC Kernen were the most yield-stable because they minimized fertile tiller reduction in response to weed pressure (10 and 13% reduction, respectively, compared with the average reduction of 20%). Other cultivars exhibited yield stability through increased kernel weight. The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to the total phospholipid fatty acid increased in both treatments; however, the rate of this increase was greater in the weedy treatment than the less-weedy treatment (from 2.9 to 3.9%, from 2.8 to 3.1%, respectively). Weed dry biomass was positively correlated with AMF% in the less-weedy treatment only. Organic systems tend to be weedier than conventional systems. We found that weeds are important determinants of AMF proliferation in soil. In addition, choosing wheat cultivars that maintain important yield components under severe weed stress is one strategy to maximize yields in organic systems.

Reactions of hard red spring wheat to common root rot under field conditions of Northern United States of America

Euphytica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis J. Tobias ◽  
Robert W. Stack ◽  
Krishna D. Puri ◽  
Neil Riveland ◽  
Shaobin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Northern United States

scholarly journals Entomopathogens in conjunction with imidacloprid could be used to manage wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) on spring wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank B. Antwi ◽  
Govinda Shrestha ◽  
Gadi V.P. Reddy ◽  
Stefan T. Jaronski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Wireworm Damage ◽  
Better Than

AbstractWe examined the effect of biopesticides used alone, mixed with other biopesticides, or in conjunction with an imidacloprid against wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in spring wheat Triticum aestivum Linnaeus (Poaceae) (variety: Duclair). The study was conducted at Ledger and Valier, Montana, United States of America in 2015 and 2016. Ten biopesticides (spinosad, azadirachtin, pyrethrin, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin (Fungi: Clavicipitaceae) GHA (Mycotrol), B. bassiana ANT-03 (BioCeres), Chromobacterium subtsugae Martin et al. (Bacteria: Neisseriaceae), Burkholderia Yabuuchi et al. (Burkholderiaceae) species, Metarhizium brunneum Petch (Fungi: Clavicipitaceae) ESC1 (MbESC1), and M. brunneum F52 (MetF52) as microsclerotial and corn grit-based granules) were tested in addition to thimet and imidacloprid. Treatment efficacy was based on plant stand protection, wireworm populations, and yield. In 2015, there was considerable variation between sites in treatment efficacy. Mycotrol, BioCeres, MetF52+spinosad, and MetF52+imidacloprid applications protected seedlings from wireworm damage better than the control at Ledger, while only MetF52 at Valier. Wireworm populations were significantly higher with Mycotrol, spinosad, MetF52+spinosad, MbESC1 (25 g/L), and MetF52 treatments, compared with control, at 14 and 28 days post application at Ledger, but without effect at Valier, 2015. We found significantly higher yield in plots treated with imidacloprid+MetF52 and Mycotrol+azadirachtin (Xpulse) compared with control at Ledger. In 2016, no significant treatment effects were observed at either site. In summary, this study provides insight on what treatments should be explored in more detail despite variable results.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFESTATION LEVELS AND YIELD LOSS CAUSED BY WHEAT MIDGE, SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (GÉHIN) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), IN SPRING WHEAT IN SASKATCHEWAN

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.O. Olfert ◽  
M.K. Mukerji ◽  
J.F. Doane
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heading Stage

AbstractLosses in yield of spring wheat due to infestations of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) were determined for 700 000 ha of arable land in northeast Saskatchewan, Canada in 1983. The proportion of kernels infested (y) was a power function of the number of wheat-midge larvae (x) (y = 35.3x0.725). One, 2, 3, and 4 larvae per kernel resulted in a level of infestation of 38, 58, 78, and 96%, respectively. There was no significant difference between infestation levels from fields sampled at the heading stage of crop growth and the estimates of infestation levels for these fields at harvest time. Yield of grain (y) was negatively exponential to an increase in level of infestation (x) (ln y = 5.7−0.017x). Infestations of 30, 60, and 90% reduced yields of spring wheat by 40, 65, and 79%, respectively. The average decrease in crop yield in the study area was about 30%, which resulted in estimated losses in total gross revenue of about $30 million.

DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN SPRING WHEAT

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Lamb ◽  
I.L. Wise ◽  
O.O. Olfert ◽  
J. Gavloski ◽  
P.S. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Heading Stage

AbstractThe wheat midge Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) occurred in all wheat-growing areas of Manitoba during 1993–1997, with 95% of spring wheat fields having some seeds infested by larvae. The level of infestation varied, but each year in excess of 20% of seeds were infested in some fields. Infestation levels in adjacent fields were more similar than in fields separated by a few kilometres. Within fields, the infestation was similar at the edge and near the centre. Wheat midge larvae also overwintered in, and adults emerged from, fields in all wheat-growing areas of Manitoba. Adults emerged from the end of June to the end of July most years, and the peak period for adult flight was mid-July, about 1 month later than in parts of Europe where winter wheat predominates. The timing of the emergence was similar from place to place and year to year. Females constituted 95% of insects caught in a flight trap. The first 10% and 50% of the flight occurred on 9 and 16 July, respectively, and the timing of the flight was not related to growing degree-days. In early August, mature larvae began dropping from wheat heads. The timing of infestation of spring wheat was variable among years because of differences in timing between midge flights and the susceptible heading stage of the crop. Nevertheless, the wheat midge flight usually coincided with the susceptible stage of the spring wheat crop.

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