THE INFLUENCE OF THE TRETMENT OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON THE DNA OF THE NUCLEI OF THYMUS CELLS, LYMPH NODES AND THE FOLLICULAR ENVIRONMENT OF THE OOCYTE UNDER CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER

CBA/HT6T6 bone marrow cells (1 x 107) or CBA/H bone marrow cells (1 x 107) plus CBA/HT6T6 thymus cells (5 x 107) were injected intravenously into lethally (800 R) irradiated CBA/H mice. Chromosome analyses of dividing cells in the host lymphoid and myeloid organs were performed at intervals after irradiation. Donor marrow cells settled and proliferated in the host bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes soon after injection, but donor marrow cells did not proliferate in the host thymus until day 10; then host-type cells were quickly replaced by donor-type cells in the thymus by day 20. On the other hand, donor thymus cells settled and proliferated in the host thymus and lymph nodes soon after injection but they gradually disappeared from these organs. On day 20, a few donor-type dividing cells (of thymus origin) were found in the host lymphoid and myeloid organs.

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THYMUS-DEPENDENT AREAS IN THE LYMPHOID ORGANS OF NEONATALLY THYMECTOMIZED MICE

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.123.1.191 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 123 (1) ◽

pp. 191-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 341

Author(s):

Delphine M. V. Parrott ◽

Maria A. B. de Sousa ◽

June East

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

The Body ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

Spleen Cells ◽

Apparent Paradox ◽

Cell Series ◽

Thymus Cells ◽

Thymectomized Mice

Specific areas of lymphocyte depletion, termed thymus-dependent areas, have been delineated in neonatally thymectomized C3H/Bi and F1 (C57BL x C3H/Bi) mice. They occur within the lymphoid follicles of the spleen immediately surrounding the central arterioles, and constitute the mid and deep cortical zones of the lymph nodes. These depleted areas appear in healthy thymectomized mice as early as 3 wk after operation but, in mice which survive for more than 6 to 7 wk, the thymus-dependent areas are repopulated by rapidly dividing pyroninophilic cells, the majority of which are immature plasma cells. Syngeneic thymus cells, labeled in vitro with tritiated adenosine localize preferentially in the thymus-dependent areas after intravenous injection. Similarly labeled spleen cells also accumulate in these areas but, in addition, are distributed at the periphery of splenic follicles and in the outer cortical zone of the lymph nodes. Many more spleen than thymus cells enter the lymphoid tissues and the spleen appears to be the primary target. The apparent paradox that syngeneic thymus cells are less efficient than spleen cells in restoring neonatally thymectomized mice to normality is discussed in the light of these results and possible routes by which the migrating cells could enter the lymphoid tissues are considered. The origin of the plasma cells which repopulate the lymphocyte depleted areas is also discussed. It is concluded that the normal thymus produces cells which contribute directly to the migratory or circulatory lymphocyte population but that there also exists another source of supply for the plasma cell series. These two systems may function synergistically so that the thymus may control, directly or indirectly, the balance of cell populations within the body.

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THYMUS CELL MIGRATION

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.126.2.291 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 126 (2) ◽

pp. 291-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 185

Author(s):

Irving L. Weissman

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Small Cells ◽

Lymphocyte Population ◽

Thymus Cell ◽

Kinetic Pattern ◽

And Function ◽

Thymus Cells ◽

Adult Thymus

The preceding studies have established the following points: Intrathymic labeling of thymic lymphocytes provides an adequate marker system to detect the migration of thymus cells to peripheral lymphoid sites. In the newborn, this comprises a major portion of the total lymphocyte population in lymph nodes and spleen. In the adult, this migration is limited to specific portions of lymph nodes and spleen, i.e., those portions which serve the recirculating pool of small lymphocytes. Kinetic studies of labeling within the adult thymus indicate that large cells give rise to medium and small cells, which then migrate to the specific sites noted above. In the newborn, the kinetic pattern is similar to that of adults, with the single distinction that large cells also migrate, accelerating the tempo of migration in these hosts. The long-term fate and function of thymus cell migrants has not yet been determined.

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Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111331 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 244-245

Author(s):

O. Faroon ◽

F. Al-Bagdadi ◽

T. G. Snider ◽

C. Titkemeyer

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymphatic System ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Meat Products ◽

The Body ◽

Morphological Data ◽

The World ◽

Cellular Constituent ◽

Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

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Microvasculature and structure of hemal lymph nodes in the wall of the rabbit bladder: a vascular corrosion casting and EM study

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100141743 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 1074-1075

Author(s):

F.E. Hossler ◽

M.I. McKamey ◽

F.C. Monson

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Corrosion Casting ◽

Fixed Tissue ◽

Infusion Pressure ◽

India Ink ◽

Cacodylate Buffer ◽

Rabbit Bladder ◽

Lateral Walls ◽

Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study of the microvasculature of the normal rabbit bladder, revealed unusual "capillary glomeruli" along the lateral walls. Here they are characterized as hemal lymph nodes using light microscopy, SEM, TEM, ink injection, and vascular casting.Bladders were perfused via a cannula placed in the abdominal aorta with either 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) for fixation, 10% India ink in 0.9% saline and 0.1M phosphate (pH 7.4) for vessel tracing, or resin (Mercoximethylmethacrylate: catalyst, 4:1:0.3; Ladd Research Industries) for vascular corrosion casting. Infusion pressure was 100mm Hg. Fixed tissue was sectioned from epon-araldyte resin, and stained with toluidine blue for light microscopy, and lead and uranium for TEM. Ink injected tissue was photographed directly from saline-filled bladders illuminated from below. Resin-filled tissue was macerated in 5% KOH and distilled water. Casts were critical point dried, sputter coated with goldpalladium, and examined by routine SEM at 10 KV.

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