Nanotechnology and Their Applications in Science and Technology - Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
Novel Materials ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Nano Science ◽  
Technology Review

Nanotechnology is the investigation of tiny designs, having size of 0.1 to 100 nm. Nano medication is a generally new field of science and innovation. Brief clarification of different sorts of drug nano frameworks is given. Nanotechnology is serving to significantly improve, even alter, numerous innovation and industry areas: data innovation, energy, natural science, medication, country security, sanitation, and transportation, among numerous others. The present nanotechnology tackles current advancement in science, physical science, materials science, and biotechnology to make novel materials that have interesting properties on the grounds that their designs are resolved on the nanometer scale. Ongoing advances in Nano science and nanotechnology plan new and inventive applications in the food business. Nanotechnology presented to be a productive strategy in numerous fields, especially the food business and the space of utilitarian food varieties. However just like the condition with the development of any original food handling innovation, food bundling material, or food fixing, extra investigations are expected to exhibit the possible advantages of nanotechnologies and designed nanomaterial intended for use in food varieties without antagonistic wellbeing impacts. Nano emulsions show various benefits over customary emulsions because of the little beads size they contain: high optical lucidity, phenomenal actual consistency against gravitational parcel and drop aggregation, and further developed bio-availability of typified materials, which make them appropriate for food applications.

X-ray microprobe for materials science

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
G.E. Ice
Keyword(s):  
Crystallographic Orientation ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ray Optics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Novel Materials ◽  
New Information ◽  
Elemental Sensitivity

The increasing availability of synchrotron x-ray sources has stimulated the development of advanced hard x-ray (E≥5 keV) microprobes. With new x-ray optics these microprobes can achieve micron and submicron spatial resolutions. The inherent elemental and crystallographic sensitivity of an x-ray microprobe and its inherently nondestructive and penetrating nature will have important applications to materials science. For example, x-ray fluorescent microanalysis of materials can reveal elemental distributions with greater sensitivity than alternative nondestructive probes. In materials, segregation and nonuniform distributions are the rule rather than the exception. Common interfaces to whichsegregation occurs are surfaces, grain and precipitate boundaries, dislocations, and surfaces formed by defects such as vacancy and interstitial configurations. In addition to chemical information, an x-ray diffraction microprobe can reveal the local structure of a material by detecting its phase, crystallographic orientation and strain.Demonstration experiments have already exploited the penetrating nature of an x-ray microprobe and its inherent elemental sensitivity to provide new information about elemental distributions in novel materials.

scholarly journals The Information Practices of Physical Science Librarians Differ from Those of the Scientific Community: More Research is Needed to Characterize Specific Information Seeking and Use

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Perryman
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Research Dissemination ◽  
Mailing Lists

A Review of: Brown, Cecilia M. and Ortega, Lina. “Information-Seeking Behavior of Physical Science Librarians: Does Research Inform Practice?” College & Research Libraries (2005). 66:231-47. Objective – As part of a larger study exploring the information environments of physical science librarians (Ortega & Brown), the authors’ overall objective for this study is to profile physical science librarians’ information behaviours. The authors’ two-part hypothesis was that first, peer-reviewed journals would be preferred over all other sources for research dissemination, resembling the preferences of scientists, and second, that peer-to-peer consultation would predominate for practice-oriented decisions. Design – Mixed methods: survey questionnaire followed by citation and content analysis. Setting – Five internationally disseminated professional association electronic mailing lists whose readership comprised those with interests in science librarianship: the American Library Association (ALA) Science and Technology Section; the American Society for Information Science & Technology (ASIST) Science and Technology Information Special Interest Group; the Special Library Association (SLA) Chemistry Division and its Physics-Astronomy-Mathematics Division; and the American Geological Institute Geoscience Information Society. Subjects – Seventy-two physical science librarians voluntarily responding to an online survey. Methods – A questionnaire was distributed to inquire about physical science librarians’ professional reading practices as well as their perceptions about the applicability of research to their work. Participants were asked to rank preferences among 11 resource types as sources supporting daily business, including personal communication, conference attendance, electronic mailing lists, and scholarly journals. Differences between the mean rankings of preferences were tested for significance by applying the Friedman test with p>0.0005. Journals identified most frequently were analyzed using the Institute for Scientific Information’s (ISI) Web of Science index and Ulrich’s Periodical Index to measure proportions of research and non-research citations, as well as the general topic areas covered by the journals. Next, content analysis was performed for the years 1995, 1997, and 2000 in order to characterize research methodologies used in the previously identified journals according to a previously tested schema (Buscha & Harter). Results from this portion of the study were compared with participants’ responses about journal usage. Main Results – Librarians reported using personal communication (both face-to-face and electronic mailing lists) more frequently as a means of information gathering than professional journals, Web sites, conferences, trade publications, monographs, or ‘other’ resources. Variations in responses appeared to correlate with years in the profession and in the respondents’ time in their current positions, although there are indications that the importance of all information resources to practice and research declines over time. The relative importance of resources is also shown in time spent reading journal literature, less than 5 hours per week for 86% of participants. Conclusion – For the first hypothesis, the authors found that unlike scientists, survey participants did not prefer research publications as vehicles for dissemination of their research results. For the second, librarians ranked peer-reviewed journals third in preference after personal communication and electronic mailing lists as sources of information supporting daily practice, supporting the second hypothesis that respondents would emulate the information use practices of mathematicians.

Training Young Minds for Nanoscience and Technology: Issues and Challenges

2006 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamanio Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Technology Education ◽  
Future Prospect ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Cultural Milieu ◽  
Science And Technology Education ◽  
Nano Science ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Nanoscience And Technology

ABSTRACTThis article explores issues and challenges in the field of education in nanoscience and technology with special emphasis with respect to India, where an expanding programme of research in nano science and technology is in place. The article does not concentrate on actual curricula that are needed in nano science and technology education course. Rather it focuses on the desirability of nanoscience and technology education at different levels of education and future prospect of students venturing into this within the economic and cultural milieu of India. We argue that care is needed in developing the education programme in India. However, the risk is worth taking as the education on nanoscience and technology can bridge the man power gap not only in this area of technology but also related technologies of hardware and micro electronics for which the country is a promising destination at global level. This will also unlock the demographical advantage that India will enjoy in the next five decades.

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