scholarly journals Colostral immunity as an analytical factor in predicting the development of acute respiratory viral infections in calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
E. N. Shilova ◽  
A. P. Poryvaeva ◽  
E. V. Pechura ◽  
L. V. Khalturina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus

To reduce the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in cattle, routine vaccination of mother cows is carried out. There is a direct dependence of the passive immunity level in calves on the vaccination efficacy in cows. The paper presents the results of a study of colostral immunity in calves and post-vaccination immunity in cows against the agents of acute respiratory viral infections in agricultural facilities located on the territory of the Ural and Volga Federal Districts. In the farms under study (n = 10), cattle are vaccinated with inactivated vaccines: “COMBOVAC” and “COMBOVAC-R” (OOO Vetbiokhim, Russia), “HIPRABOVIS® 4” (Laboratorios Hipra, S. A., Spain). The study of postvaccinal immunity level in cows showed that the levels of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (5.3–8.0 log2), bovine viral diarrhea virus (3.5–4.8 log2), bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (6.8–8.5 log2) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (4.2-4.5 log2) in cattle confer protection. When evaluating the results of serological diagnostics of passive immunity in calves to acute respiratory viral infections, it was found that the level of colostral antibodies in them is lower than the level of post-vaccination antibodies in cows: to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus by 34.2–58.8%; to bovine diarrhea virus by 37.5–45.0%; to bovine parainfluenza-3 virus by 14.7–35.4 and to bovine respiratory syncytial virus by 23.5-42.2%. To ensure epizootic favourable situation, it is proposed to adjust the schedules of vaccination against bovine diseases in herds, infected by acute respiratory viral infections for dairy farms under study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Single Dilution ELISA System for Detection of Seroconversion to Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Parainfluenza-3 Virus, and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus: Comparison with Testing by Virus Neutralization and Hemagglutination Inhibition

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Graham ◽  
J. McShane ◽  
K. A. Mawhinney ◽  
I. E. McLaren ◽  
B. M. Adair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Elisa System ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus

A single-dilution quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system, based on commercial ELISA kits, for the simultaneous detection of seroconversion to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenza-3 virus (PI3V), and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) was evaluated by testing acute and convalescent serum pairs from 564 cattle in 145 outbreaks of respiratory disease. Seroconversion to BVDV, BRSV, PI3V and IBRV was detected in 8.0%, 19.0%, 13.7%, and 7.4%, respectively, of serum pairs tested. Seroconversion was detected in 60.7% of herds and 34.6% of animals tested. Infection with 2 or more viruses was found in 46.6% of these herds and in 27.2% of these animals. The majority of BVDV infections (62%) were associated with other virus infections, suggesting that BVDV may potentiate infection with other agents rather than being a primary pathogen of the respiratory tract. The results were compared with those obtained by virus neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition testing, and the sensitivity, specificity, and overall correlation were calculated. Sensitivities of 92%, 95%, 100%, and 100% were obtained for BVDV, BRSV, PI3V, and IBRV, respectively. The corresponding specificity values were 89%, 92%, 86%, and 91%. The overall correlation for each virus was 90%, 93%, 90%, and 93%, respectively. These results demonstrate that this ELISA system may be used successfully to detect seroconversion in serum pairs, highlight the frequency of multiple viral infections in outbreaks of respiratory disease, and provide further evidence of an immunosuppressive role for BVDV infections.

scholarly journals Standardization of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) for Quantitative Estimation of Antibodies Specific for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Parainfluenza-3 Virus, and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Graham ◽  
K. A. Mawhinney ◽  
J. McShane ◽  
T. J. Connor ◽  
B. M. Adair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus

Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detection of serum antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), parainfluenza-3 virus (PI3V), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) were standardized to give a quantitative result when testing was performed at a single optimum dilution. For each test, serum samples were titrated and their end point titers calculated by an algebraic method directly from a plot of each titration series and also from a regression line fitted to this plot. The corrected optical density (COD) of each sample when tested at dilutions of 1/25, 1/50, and 1/100 was expressed as a percentage of the COD of a positive reference serum included on each plate, this value was the sample/positive (S/P) ratio. For each test, the linear relationship between the S/P ratio obtained at a dilution of 1/25, 1/50, and 1/100 and the end point titer calculated by each method was determined. In each case, the best linear relationship existed when samples were tested at a dilution of 1/100 ( r = 0.973 for BVDV, 0.962 for PI3V, 0.961 for RSV, 0.947 for IBRV). From the equation of these lines, an increase in the S/P ratio between acute and convalescent serum samples of 31%, 23%, 21%, and 35% would correspond to a 4-fold rise in ELISA titer to BVDV, PI3V, RSV, and IBRV, respectively. ELISA titers calculated from S/P ratios at 1/100 were significantly related to virus neutralization titers to BVDV, RSV, and IBRV and to hemagglutination inhibition titers to PI3V ( P ≪ 0.001 in all cases). Samples with low S/P ratios had the greatest intraassay and interassay variation. Intraassay reproducibility ranged from 3.5% to 22.3% (coefficient of variation), with a median value of 9.5%. Interassay reproducibility was lower, ranging from 6.0% to 50.6%, with a median of 17.4%.

scholarly journals Single-Shot Vaccines against Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV): Comparative Evaluation of Long-Term Protection after Immunization in the Presence of BRSV-Specific Maternal Antibodies

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Jean François Valarcher ◽  
Sara Hägglund ◽  
Katarina Näslund ◽  
Luc Jouneau ◽  
Ester Malmström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Syncytial Virus

The induction of long-lasting clinical and virological protection is needed for a successful vaccination program against the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). In this study, calves with BRSV-specific maternally derived antibodies were vaccinated once, either with (i) a BRSV pre-fusion protein (PreF) and MontanideTM ISA61 VG (ISA61, n = 6), (ii) BRSV lacking the SH gene (ΔSHrBRSV, n = 6), (iii) a commercial vaccine (CV, n = 6), or were injected with ISA61 alone (n = 6). All calves were challenged with BRSV 92 days later and were euthanized 13 days post-infection. Based on clinical, pathological, and proteomic data, all vaccines appeared safe. Compared to the controls, PreF induced the most significant clinical and virological protection post-challenge, followed by ΔSHrBRSV and CV, whereas the protection of PreF-vaccinated calves was correlated with BRSV-specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody responses 84 days post-vaccination, and the IgG antibody titers of ΔSHrBRSV- and CV-vaccinated calves did not differ from the controls on this day. Nevertheless, strong anamnestic BRSV- and PreF-specific IgG responses occurred in calves vaccinated with either of the vaccines, following a BRSV challenge. In conclusion, PreF and ΔSHrBRSV are two efficient one-shot candidate vaccines. By inducing a protection for at least three months, they could potentially improve the control of BRSV in calves.

CASE REPORT: A DISEASE OUTBREAK OF BOVINE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS IN TAIWAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Shyh-Shyan Liu ◽  
Hsiu-Yen Shen ◽  
Jai-Wei Lee ◽  
Show-Win Lin ◽  
Hunter Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
Syncytial Virus

A dairy farm with 300 Holstein cattle in Hsin-Chu County, Taiwan, had an outbreak of a respiratory disease from the end of September to November, 2013. Adult animals (1–5-year-old) showed clinical symptoms of anorexia, depression, fever, and dropped milk production during the early stage of infection. In severe cases, animals suffered from dyspnea with frothy saliva at the edge of opened mouth. Samples were collected from eight sick animals, amplified in the baby hamster kidney cell-21 (BHK-21), and the cytopathic effect (CPE) was confirmed. Primers specific to Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), Bovine herpesvirus type I (BHV-I), Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) and Mannheimia haemolytica were used to identify the pathogen responsible for this respiratory disease by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results of sequence analysis confirmed that BRSV is the causative pathogen for the respiratory infection. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first disease case of BRSV reported in Taiwan.

The Role of Passive Immunity in Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Calves

1991 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Belknap ◽  
J. C. Baker ◽  
J. S. Patterson ◽  
R. D. Walker ◽  
D. M. Haines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals PPAR-γ in Macrophages Limits Pulmonary Inflammation and Promotes Host Recovery following Respiratory Viral Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Huang ◽  
Bibo Zhu ◽  
In Su Cheon ◽  
Nick P. Goplen ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT Alveolar macrophages (AM) play pivotal roles in modulating host defense, pulmonary inflammation, and tissue injury following respiratory viral infections. However, the transcriptional regulation of AM function during respiratory viral infections is still largely undefined. Here we have screened the expression of 84 transcription factors in AM in response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We found that the transcription factor PPAR-γ was downregulated following IAV infection in AM through type I interferon (IFN)-dependent signaling. PPAR-γ expression in AM was critical for the suppression of exaggerated antiviral and inflammatory responses of AM following IAV and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. Myeloid PPAR-γ deficiency resulted in enhanced host morbidity and increased pulmonary inflammation following both IAV and RSV infections, suggesting that macrophage PPAR-γ is vital for restricting severe host disease development. Using approaches to selectively deplete recruiting monocytes, we demonstrate that PPAR-γ expression in resident AM is likely important in regulating host disease development. Furthermore, we show that PPAR-γ was critical for the expression of wound healing genes in AM. As such, myeloid PPAR-γ deficiency resulted in impaired inflammation resolution and defective tissue repair following IAV infection. Our data suggest a critical role of PPAR-γ expression in lung macrophages in the modulation of pulmonary inflammation, the development of acute host diseases, and the proper restoration of tissue homeostasis following respiratory viral infections. IMPORTANCE Respiratory viral infections, like IAV and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections, impose great challenges to public health. Alveolar macrophages (AM) are lung-resident immune cells that play important roles in protecting the host against IAV and RSV infections. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which AM modulate host inflammation, disease development, and tissue recovery are not very well understood. Here we identify that PPAR-γ expression in AM is crucial to suppress pulmonary inflammation and diseases and to promote fast host recovery from IAV and RSV infections. Our data suggest that targeting macrophage PPAR-γ may be a promising therapeutic option in the future to suppress acute inflammation and simultaneously promote recovery from severe diseases associated with respiratory viral infections.

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