scholarly journals Single-Shot Vaccines against Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV): Comparative Evaluation of Long-Term Protection after Immunization in the Presence of BRSV-Specific Maternal Antibodies

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Jean François Valarcher ◽  
Sara Hägglund ◽  
Katarina Näslund ◽  
Luc Jouneau ◽  
Ester Malmström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Syncytial Virus

The induction of long-lasting clinical and virological protection is needed for a successful vaccination program against the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). In this study, calves with BRSV-specific maternally derived antibodies were vaccinated once, either with (i) a BRSV pre-fusion protein (PreF) and MontanideTM ISA61 VG (ISA61, n = 6), (ii) BRSV lacking the SH gene (ΔSHrBRSV, n = 6), (iii) a commercial vaccine (CV, n = 6), or were injected with ISA61 alone (n = 6). All calves were challenged with BRSV 92 days later and were euthanized 13 days post-infection. Based on clinical, pathological, and proteomic data, all vaccines appeared safe. Compared to the controls, PreF induced the most significant clinical and virological protection post-challenge, followed by ΔSHrBRSV and CV, whereas the protection of PreF-vaccinated calves was correlated with BRSV-specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody responses 84 days post-vaccination, and the IgG antibody titers of ΔSHrBRSV- and CV-vaccinated calves did not differ from the controls on this day. Nevertheless, strong anamnestic BRSV- and PreF-specific IgG responses occurred in calves vaccinated with either of the vaccines, following a BRSV challenge. In conclusion, PreF and ΔSHrBRSV are two efficient one-shot candidate vaccines. By inducing a protection for at least three months, they could potentially improve the control of BRSV in calves.

scholarly journals Class-specific antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimentally infected lambs

1992 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sharma ◽  
Z. Woldehiwet
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Lung Lavage ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Syncytial Virus

SUMMARYEnzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) was used to titrate virus-specific IgG, IgM and IgA levels in nasal secretions, lung lavage fluids and serum samples sequentially obtained from lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Virus-specific IgG and IgM responses were measured by the indirect double antibody sandwich ELISA using anti-bovine RSV monoclonal antibody, as capture antibody, and peroxidase-conjugated anti-sheep IgG and anti-sheep IgM. Virus-specific IgA antibodies were measured by antibody capture assay using anti-sheep IgA (α–chain specific) and anti-bovine RSV monoclonal antibodies.Bovine RSV-specific IgM and IgA antibodies were detected in the serum samples within 6 days post-inoculation (p.i.). Virus-specific IgC antibodies appeared in serum samples 4 days later. In nasal secretions, IgA antibodies appeared 7 days p.i. but IgM antibodies were not detected until 12–16 days p.i. In serum samples, IgM titres were predominant for the first 2 weeks p.i. IgC titres becoming predominant thereafter. In nasal secretions and lung lavage fluids, IgA titres were significantly higher than IgM or IgG titres up to 21 days p.i. (0·01).

scholarly journals Characterization of an Experimental Vaccine for Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 997-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Hägglund ◽  
Kefei Hu ◽  
Krister Blodörn ◽  
Boby Makabi-Panzu ◽  
Anne-Laure Gaillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Glycoprotein G ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Nucleoprotein N

ABSTRACTBovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) are major causes of respiratory disease in calves and children, respectively, and are priorities for vaccine development. We previously demonstrated that an experimental vaccine, BRSV-immunostimulating complex (ISCOM), is effective in calves with maternal antibodies. The present study focuses on the antigenic characterization of this vaccine for the design of new-generation subunit vaccines. The results of our study confirmed the presence of membrane glycoprotein (G), fusion glycoprotein (F), and nucleoprotein (N) proteins in the ISCOMs, and this knowledge was extended by the identification of matrix (M), M2-1, phosphoprotein (P), small hydrophobic protein (SH) and of cellular membrane proteins, such as the integrins αVβ1, αVβ3, and α3β1. The quantity of the major protein F was 4- to 5-fold greater than that of N (∼77 μg versus ∼17 μg/calf dose), whereas G, M, M2-1, P, and SH were likely present in smaller amounts. The polymerase (L), M2-2, nonstructural 1 (NS1), and NS2 proteins were not detected, suggesting that they are not essential for protection. Sera from the BRSV-ISCOM-immunized calves contained high titers of IgG antibody specific for F, G, N, and SH. Antibody responses against M and P were not detected; however, this does not exclude their role in protective T-cell responses. The absence of immunopathological effects of the cellular proteins, such as integrins, needs to be further confirmed, and their possible contribution to adjuvant functions requires elucidation. This work suggests that a combination of several surface and internal proteins should be included in subunit RSV vaccines and identifies absent proteins as potential candidates for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals.

scholarly journals Colostral immunity as an analytical factor in predicting the development of acute respiratory viral infections in calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
E. N. Shilova ◽  
A. P. Poryvaeva ◽  
E. V. Pechura ◽  
L. V. Khalturina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus

To reduce the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in cattle, routine vaccination of mother cows is carried out. There is a direct dependence of the passive immunity level in calves on the vaccination efficacy in cows. The paper presents the results of a study of colostral immunity in calves and post-vaccination immunity in cows against the agents of acute respiratory viral infections in agricultural facilities located on the territory of the Ural and Volga Federal Districts. In the farms under study (n = 10), cattle are vaccinated with inactivated vaccines: “COMBOVAC” and “COMBOVAC-R” (OOO Vetbiokhim, Russia), “HIPRABOVIS® 4” (Laboratorios Hipra, S. A., Spain). The study of postvaccinal immunity level in cows showed that the levels of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (5.3–8.0 log2), bovine viral diarrhea virus (3.5–4.8 log2), bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (6.8–8.5 log2) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (4.2-4.5 log2) in cattle confer protection. When evaluating the results of serological diagnostics of passive immunity in calves to acute respiratory viral infections, it was found that the level of colostral antibodies in them is lower than the level of post-vaccination antibodies in cows: to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus by 34.2–58.8%; to bovine diarrhea virus by 37.5–45.0%; to bovine parainfluenza-3 virus by 14.7–35.4 and to bovine respiratory syncytial virus by 23.5-42.2%. To ensure epizootic favourable situation, it is proposed to adjust the schedules of vaccination against bovine diseases in herds, infected by acute respiratory viral infections for dairy farms under study.

The Inducing Roles of the New Isolated Bursal Hexapeptide and Pentapeptide on the Immune Response of AIV Vaccine in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Shan Hao ◽  
Man Man Zong ◽  
Ze Zhang ◽  
Jia Xi Cai ◽  
Yang Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Specific Igg

Background: Bursa of Fabricius is the acknowledged central humoral immune organ. The bursal-derived peptides play the important roles on the immature B cell development and antibody production. Objective: Here we explored the functions of the new isolated bursal hexapeptide and pentapeptide on the humoral, cellular immune response and antigen presentation to Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) vaccine in mice immunization. Methods: The bursa extract samples were purified following RP HPLC method, and were analyzed with MS/MS to identify the amino acid sequences. Mice were twice subcutaneously injected with AIV inactivated vaccine plus with two new isolated bursal peptides at three dosages, respectively. On two weeks after the second immunization, sera samples were collected from the immunized mice to measure AIV-specific IgG antibody levels and HI antibody titers. Also, on 7th day after the second immunization, lymphocytes were isolated from the immunized mice to detect T cell subtype and lymphocyte viabilities, and the expressions of co-stimulatory molecule on dendritic cells in the immunized mice. Results: Two new bursal hexapeptide and pentapeptide with amino acid sequences KGNRVY and MPPTH were isolated, respectively. Our investigation proved the strong regulatory roles of bursal hexapeptide on AIV-specific IgG levels and HI antibody titers, and lymphocyte viabilities, and the significant increased T cells subpopulation and expressions of MHCII molecule on dendritic cells in the immunized mice. Moreover, our findings verified the significantly enhanced AIV-specific IgG antibody and HI titers, and the strong increased T cell subpopulation and expressions of CD40 molecule on dendritic cells in the mice immunized with AIV vaccine and bursal pentapeptide. Conclusion: We isolated and identified two new hexapeptide and pentapeptide from bursa, and proved that these two bursal peptides effectively induced the AIV-specific antibody, T cell and antigen presentation immune responses, which provided an experimental basis for the further clinical application of the bursal derived active peptide on the vaccine improvement.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Small Molecule Combinations against Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Vitro

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2607
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Gao ◽  
Jingjing Cao ◽  
Pan Xing ◽  
Ralf Altmeyer ◽  
Youming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Fusion Inhibitors ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major pathogen that causes severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants, the elderly and the immunocompromised worldwide. At present no approved specific drugs or vaccines are available to treat this pathogen. Recently, several promising candidates targeting RSV entry and multiplication steps are under investigation. However, it is possible to lead to drug resistance under the long-term treatment. Therapeutic combinations constitute an alternative to prevent resistance and reduce antiviral doses. Therefore, we tested in vitro two-drug combinations of fusion inhibitors (GS5806, Ziresovir and BMS433771) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex (RdRp) inhibitors (ALS8176, RSV604, and Cyclopamine). The statistical program MacSynergy II was employed to determine synergism, additivity or antagonism between drugs. From the result, we found that combinations of ALS8176 and Ziresovir or GS5806 exhibit additive effects against RSV in vitro, with interaction volume of 50 µM2% and 31 µM2% at 95% confidence interval, respectively. On the other hand, all combinations between fusion inhibitors showed antagonistic effects against RSV in vitro, with volume of antagonism ranging from −50 µM2 % to −176 µM2 % at 95% confidence interval. Over all, our results suggest the potentially therapeutic combinations in combating RSV in vitro could be considered for further animal and clinical evaluations.

Phylogenetic relationships of Brazilian bovine respiratory syncytial virus isolates and molecular homology modeling of attachment glycoprotein

2006 ◽  
Vol 116 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Renata Servan Almeida ◽  
Helena Gallichio Domingues ◽  
Regina Celia Freitas D’Arce ◽  
Helena Lage Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Homology Modeling ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Molecular Homology ◽  
Virus Isolates
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