scholarly journals Residual Pesticide On Hesco® Blast Protection Wall In Temperate Florida Habitat Effective Against Mosquitoes, Stable Flies, and Sand Flies

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth C. Britch ◽  
Kenneth J. Linthicum ◽  
Robert L. Aldridge ◽  
Todd W. Walker ◽  
Mattie J. E. Rush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Integrated Vector Management ◽  
United States Military ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Blast Protection ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
The Us ◽  
Residual Pesticide

ABSTRACT United States military troops in the field are exposed to the environment and are thus at high risk for transmission of arboviruses, and degradation of mission from continual harassment from insects. Passive vector control, such as application of residual insecticides to US military materials common in the field such as tents and camouflage netting, has been shown to be effective and can contribute to a successful integrated vector management (IVM) plan in the field to reduce this risk. However, other common US military field materials have not been evaluated with residual pesticides. In this study we conducted the first known investigation of the efficacy and longevity of a residual pesticide containing λ-cyhalothrin applied to HESCO® blast protection wall geotextile. We exposed treated material to a temperate Florida environment and found that this treatment can be effective against sand flies, filth-breeding flies, and mosquitoes for at least 6 wk. This study provides evidence that residual treatment of this US military material may be leveraged as an IVM component to enhance the US Department of Defense pest management system.

scholarly journals Transfluthrin Spatial Repellent on US Military Camouflage Netting Reduces Tabanids in a Warm-Temperate Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-215
Author(s):  
S. C. Britch ◽  
D. L. Kline ◽  
K. J. Linthicum ◽  
J. Urban ◽  
E. Dickstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Spatial Repellent ◽  
The Us ◽  
Temperate Environment ◽  
Warm Temperate

ABSTRACT We investigated the capability of transfluthrin on US military camouflage netting to reduce collections of tabanid biting flies in a warm-temperate field environment on the Gulf Coast of Florida. We found that transfluthrin significantly reduced collections of a variety of medically and veterinarily important tabanids inside protected areas by up to 96% upon initial treatment and up to 74% after 20 days posttreatment. These results suggest that transfluthrin could be an effective element in the US Department of Defense integrated pest management system and leveraged in civilian scenarios to protect livestock and humans from potential mechanical transmission of pathogens and disruption of activities caused by painful bites.

Defense 101

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. O'Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
American Military ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of

This book, a concise primer for understanding the US defense budget ($700 billion plus) and rapidly changing military technologies, provides a deeply informed yet accessible analysis of American military power. After an introduction which surveys today's international security environment, provides a brief sketch of the history of the US military, its command structure, the organization of its three million personnel, and a review of its domestic basing and global reach, the book provides in-depth coverage of four critical areas in military affairs. For policy makers and experts, military professionals, students, and citizens alike, the book helps make sense of the US Department of Defense, the basics of war and the future of armed conflict, and the most important characteristics of the American military.

scholarly journals The Omniscient Eye: Satellite Imagery, "Battlespace Awareness," and the Structures of the Imperial Gaze

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Harris
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Persian Gulf War ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Military Control ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Discursive Power ◽  
Geographical Space

This paper explores the role of aerial and satellite imagery in the US military's command, control, and intelligence (C4I) systems, with an historical focus on the Persian Gulf War of 1991. Using satellite imagery for military intelligence and warfare is part of an ongoing effort in the US Department of Defense to make all cartographic and topographic space, and the objects in it, totally visible and "transparent," what the US military calls "total battlespace awareness." It is where imagery production is attached to concrete and purposive action in the abstract realm of "battlespace," an example of how the mundane and the monstrously violent intersect around the production of visual data and artefacts. Borrowing a metaphor from Paul Edwards, I suggest that satellite imagery can not only "open up" the world (making it transparent), but can also "close down" geographical space under a regime of surveillance and violent military control. The discursive power of aerial and satellite imagery is derived from its position as an objectifying transcendent gaze, above and beyond subjectivity (Donna Haraway's "God Trick"), and when these images are disseminated in the mass media as testaments to military prowess, they become visual representations of geographical domination (as in Denis Cosgrove's "Apollonian Eye"). In this sense, satellite imagery, photo reconnaissance, and imagery interpretation are rich sites and artefacts for exploring how power and national sovereignty turn on the visual.

scholarly journals EARTH FILL INCREASES EFFICACY AND LONGEVITY OF λ-CYHALOTHRIN RESIDUAL INSECTCIDE TREATMENT OF HESCO® BLAST WALL GEOTEXTILE

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
Seth C. Britch
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Blast Protection ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Mosquito Mortality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Earth Fill ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

The prevention of vector-borne disease to protect the health and readiness of United States forces in the field continues to be a high priority for the US Department of Defense. Previous studies have demonstrated that the risk of human contact with disease-vector mosquitoes and other biting flies can be reduced by applying an insecticide to perimeters of military materials such as camouflage netting or HESCO blast protection wall geotextile already in place around troops in the field. In this study we investigated whether residual pesticide efficacy will persist in the presence of earth fill that is required for operational use of HESCOs, using a warm temperate field site in north Florida. Results from laboratory bioassays measuring mosquito mortality and field collections of natural mosquito populations indicated superior efficacy and greater longevity of pesticide treated geotextile exposed to soil fill. These findings not only support immediate implementation of this technique in US military field scenarios, but also provide evidence that HESCO technology currently used in natural disaster flood control could be leveraged to protect civilian personnel from emerging floodwater mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Pesticide Misting System Enhances Residual Pesticide Treatment of HESCO Geotextile

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
R. L. Aldridge ◽  
S. C. Britch ◽  
K. J. Linthicum ◽  
F. V. Golden ◽  
Thomas T. Dao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sand Flies ◽  
Desert Environment ◽  
Pesticide Treatment ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Residual Pesticide ◽  
Arid Desert

ABSTRACT Residual pesticide treatment of US military materials such as camouflage netting and HESCO blast wall geotextile is an effective way to reduce biting pressure within protected perimeters. However, residual treatments eventually wane and require retreatment in situ, which may not be possible or practical in military scenarios. One solution is to install pesticide misting systems on treated perimeters, which may additively enhance residual treatments, and gradually retreat perimeter material as misted pesticide settles. In this investigation we show that pesticide misting can extend efficacy of residual treatments on HESCO geotextile against mosquitoes and sand flies in a hot-arid desert environment by 1–2 wk.

Suicide attempt trends leading up to and following gun lock changes in the 2013 National Defense Authorization Act

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Michael D. Anestis ◽  
Samantha E. Daruwala ◽  
Neil Carey
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Firearm Suicide ◽  
The Military

PurposeFirearms account for the majority of suicide deaths in the US military and general population. The percentage of suicides resulting from firearms is higher in the military, however, and as such, the ratio of non-lethal to lethal suicide attempts is lower in the military than in the general population. In 2013, Congress passed the National Defense Authorization Act, which facilitated a Department of Defense (DoD) shift toward allowing commanding officers and clinicians to inquire about personal firearms with service members perceived as being at risk and also began giving free cable locks to firearm-owning military personnel. The purpose of this paper is to provide a preliminary understanding of the effectiveness of this change, the authors examined trends in firearm suicide attempts within the US military and general population from 2010 to 2015.Design/methodology/approachData on non-lethal and lethal suicide attempts overall and within specific methods were extracted from the Department of Defense Suicide Event Report and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (2011–2015).FindingsContrary to expectations, firearms were not utilized in a smaller proportion of suicide attempts within the military post-law change. Consistent with expectations, however, the ratio of non-lethal to lethal suicide attempts increased, particularly after the change in law, with the ratio in the military converging somewhat with that of the general population.Originality/valueOverall, results were mixed, with only limited and tangential evidence that the change in law has proven effective. More precise data collection will be required in order to fully evaluate such laws.

scholarly journals Portable Battery Power and Small-Reservoir Modifications For Pesticide Misting Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Aldridge ◽  
Seth C. Britch ◽  
Kenneth J. Linthicum
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Management System ◽  
United States Military ◽  
Small Reservoir ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Tropical Conditions

ABSTRACT United States military personnel deployed in austere hot-arid, temperate, and tropical conditions in remote locations worldwide rely on the Department of Defense (DoD) Pest Management System measures such as application of pesticide residual and ultra-low–volume or thermal fog treatments for protection from routine exposure to nuisance and disease-vector insects. Timed pesticide misting systems originally developed for residential outdoor use show promise as potential enhancements to standard DoD Pest Management System measures, in particular to protect perimeters surrounding US military field encampments. To investigate the capabilities of misting systems in remote locations in diverse environments, this technical engineering report describes the development of 2 key modifications to a commercial residential misting system to enable us to operate the system away from a standard power grid, and to safely operate the system with small volumes of a variety of pesticide misting formulations. The components needed to modify the commercial misting system include the following: 5,000-W inverter, 12-V 100 Ah battery, 24-gal tote, solar panel with charge controller, 18 in. (45.7 cm) 0-gauge wire with ½-in. (1.27-cm) eyebolt connectors, 5-gal container (wide mouthed), ½-in.-to-½-in. connector, ½-in. tubing, ⅜-in.-to-⅜-in. connector, ⅜-in. tubing, ¼-in.-to-¼-in. connector, ¼-in. flexible tubing, securable patio box (80 gal), 5-gal (18.9-liter) bucket (modified), and a canning funnel.

GIs and the Kids of Korea

Framed by War ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 33-56
Author(s):  
Susie Woo
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
American Soldier ◽  
Us Imperialism ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Army Chaplain

This chapter centers upon the US military in Korea between 1945 and 1953. While Koreans experienced war violence firsthand, American and international audiences grew increasingly aware of and concerned about the devastation wrought by the US military as the war raged on. It was in this context that US military officials actively paired US servicemen with Korean orphans to help narrate the unpopular war. This chapter demonstrates how the American soldier was transformed from the bringer of bombs to the rescuer of children. Using US military records, army chaplain logs, Department of Defense raw footage, newsreels, photographs from popular US magazines, as well as US and Korean newspapers, this chapter traces how violent soldiers were transformed into caring fathers. Mandated by the US military and perpetuated through media, these relationships helped to recoup the losses of war and deflect international accusations of US imperialism, while drawing Americans together with Koreans in intimate ways. The chapter closes with a look at the symbolic purposes of these actions, goals made clear by military officials who blocked Korean houseboys from living in the barracks and stopped servicemen from formally adopting Korean children, intimacies that exceeded the intentions of these rescue narratives.

scholarly journals Nonconventional opponents: a review of malaria and leishmaniasis among United States Armed Forces

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6313
Author(s):  
Kaylin J. Beiter ◽  
Zachariah J. Wentlent ◽  
Adrian R. Hamouda ◽  
Bolaji N. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
United States Military ◽  
Treatment Delays ◽  
United States Armed Forces ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Significant Disease

As the United States military engage with different countries and cultures throughout the world, personnel become exposed to new biospheres as well. There are many infectious pathogens that are not endemic to the US, but two of particular importance are Plasmodium and Leishmania, which respectively cause malaria and leishmaniasis. These parasites are both known to cause significant disease burden in their endemic locales, and thus pose a threat to military travelers. This review introduces readers to basic life cycle and disease mechanisms for each. Local and military epidemiology are described, as are the specific actions taken by the US military for prevention and treatment purposes. Complications of such measures with regard to human health are also discussed, including possible chemical toxicities. Additionally, poor recognition of these diseases upon an individual’s return leading to complications and treatment delays in the United States are examined. Information about canine leishmaniasis, poorly studied relative to its human manifestation, but of importance due to the utilization of dogs in military endeavors is presented. Future implications for the American healthcare system regarding malaria and leishmaniasis are also presented.

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