Efficacy of Aquatain® Against Culex pipiens Complex and Aedes albopictus in Catch Basins in Italy

ABSTRACT Aquatain® is an alternative larvicide formulation to the currently used larvicides. Its efficacy can be assessed monitoring emerging adults with a floating device that was recently developed for use in catch basins. In this study, the efficacy of Aquatain in controlling Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens complex was investigated by comparing the adults emerging from 25 treated catch basins with that of 25 control basins in northeastern Italy. Basins were monitored weekly for 9 times and the efficacy was evaluated using the Mann–Whitney U-test and calculating the inhibition of emergence at each sampling. Aquatain was effective in reducing the number of emerging mosquitoes for both species, but its duration was affected by rainfall. Intensive showers (>10 mm daily) seem to reduce the efficacy of the product, allowing an increase in emerging adults after about 2 wk. This finding suggests that climatic factors should be taken into account to decide the right time for reapplication of Aquatain during routine larval treatments.

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Aquatain AMF efficacy on juvenile mosquito stages in control of Culex pipiens complex and Aedes albopictus

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata ◽

10.1111/eea.12884 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 168 (2) ◽

pp. 148-157

Author(s):

Mihaela Kavran ◽

Igor Pajović ◽

Dušan Petrić ◽

Aleksandra Ignjatović‐Ćupina ◽

Nedeljko Latinović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Culex Pipiens ◽

Culex Pipiens Complex

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A43 Field evaluation of a bubbling insecticide tablet containing pyriproxyfen against Culex pipiens complex larvae in catch basins and septic tanks(General presentation,Abstract,The 58th Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology)

Medical Entomology and Zoology ◽

10.7601/mez.57.53_1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 57 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Y Utsumi ◽

A Kamada ◽

M Furuta ◽

M Kamei ◽

M Yoshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Annual Meeting ◽

Culex Pipiens ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Japan Society ◽

Medical Entomology ◽

Culex Pipiens Complex ◽

Septic Tanks ◽

Catch Basins

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MEIOSIS IN THE MALE OF CULEX PIPIENS AND AEDES ALBOPICTUS AND FERTILIZATION IN THE CULEX PIPIENS-COMPLEX

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g71-041 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 237-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Erich Jost

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Meiotic Prophase ◽

Culex Pipiens ◽

Sperm Head ◽

Fourth Instar ◽

Female Meiosis ◽

Culex Pipiens Complex ◽

Cross Reactions ◽

Somatic Pairing

As a result of close somatic pairing of the chromosomes visible leptotene stages do not occur in either Culex pipiens or Aedes albopictus. Bouquet stages were not observed during early meiotic prophase. The sperm of C. pipiens consist of a head 14 μ long and a tail 200 μ long. More than 80% of sperm treated with 3H-Tdr could be sufficiently labeled by feeding fourth instar larvae 10 μCi/ml/larva 3H-Tdr for about 3 days. An almost complete label could be found in the sperm head and only some few grains in the DNA of the mitochondrial bodies of the tail.In the C. pipiens female, meiosis is activated by the entrance of the sperm and karyogamy is effected about 50 minutes after oviposition. During the meiotic divisions the sperm moves to the center of the egg and fuses with the pronucleus. If supernumerary sperm are present they most often are found near the micropylar pole of the egg.Although the frequency of polyspermy is low, one or two sperm are usually present in the fertilized eggs.In incompatible crosses with strains of different geographical origins (♂ Hamburg ♀ Paris) the egg is activated by the sperm and the meiotic divisions begin but the sperm does not succeed in fusing with the pronucleus. The developing embryos are haploid and embryogenesis leads to irregular differentiation; 99.9% of the embryos die. Apparently reactions between sperm and egg cytoplasm prevent karyogamy. The different models of cross-reactions in the C. pipiens-complex are discussed; mitochondrial DNA is suggested to be involved in fertilization.

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Production of Culex pipiens in Stormwater and Combined Sewer Catch Basins

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association ◽

10.2987/20-6934.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 249-252

Author(s):

Alyssa G. Marini ◽

Brandon A. Lieberthal ◽

Allison M. Gardner

Keyword(s):

Emerging Adults ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Culex Pipiens ◽

Sewer Systems ◽

Vector Management ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

The Usa ◽

Emergence Traps ◽

Primary Vector ◽

Catch Basins

ABSTRACT Man-made stormwater and sewage infrastructure, particularly roadside catch basins, provides widespread habitats for immature mosquitoes in urban and suburban environments. Historically, throughout much of the USA, stormwater, sewage, and industrial wastewater were conducted together through “combined” sewer systems, discharging a combination of stormwater and wastewater into streams. Within recent decades, many cities have replaced these combined sewers with “stormwater only” systems that separate stormwater from wastewater. The objective of this research was to evaluate the implications of this infrastructure conversion for production of Culex pipiens, a primary vector for West Nile virus. On a weekly basis over 14 wk, 20 catch basins (10 combined sewer and 10 stormwater only) were sampled for mosquito larvae and emerging adults using the dipping collection method and floating emergence traps. Abundance of larval Cx. pipiens was higher in combined sewer compared with stormwater-only catch basins, while to the contrary, abundance of adult Cx. pipiens was lower in combined sewer compared with stormwater-only catch basins. This study is the first to reveal that habitat attractiveness and quality for Cx. pipiens may vary between combined sewer and stormwater-only catch basins, and our results contribute to a growing body of research to inform vector management and urban planning efforts as municipalities consider the environmental and public health implications of conversion from combined sewage management to separation of stormwater and wastewater.

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ANALYSIS OF REGULATIONS REGARDING THE SETTLEMENT OF ISSUES ON THE REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF PLANTATIONS IN THE RIGHT-OF-WAY OF PUBLIC ROADS

Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny ◽

10.33868/0365-8392-2020-1-261-55-60 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 55-60

Author(s):

Nataliia Kharytonova ◽

Olha Mykolaienko ◽

Tetyana Lozova

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Visual Orientation ◽

Right Of Way ◽

Adverse Weather ◽

Overhead Power Lines ◽

The Right ◽

Neck Diameter ◽

Proper Operation

Greening of roads contributes to the protection of roads and their elements from influence of adverse weather and climatic factors; it includes the measures for improvement and landscaping of roads, ensures the protection of roadside areas from transport pollution, provides visual orientation of drivers. The solution of these issues will ensure creation and maintenance of safe and comfortable conditions for travelers. Green plantings in the right-of-way road area include woody, bushy, flower and grass vegetation of natural and artificial origin. For proper operation of public roads and satisfaction of other needs of the industry, there may be the need in removing the greenery. The reason for the removal of greenery in the right-of-way road area may be due to the following factors: construction of the architectural object, widening of the motor road, repair works in the security zone of overhead power lines, water supply, drainage, heating, telecommunications facilities, cutting of hazardous, dry and fautal trees, as well as self-grown and brushwood trees with a root neck diameter not exceeding 5 cm, elimination of the consequences of natural disasters and emergencies. The removal of plantations in the right-of-way area is executed in order to ensure traffic safety conditions and to improve the quality of plantations composition and their protective properties. Nowadays, in Ukraine there is no clear procedure for issuing permits for removing of such plantations. In order to resolve this issue, there is a need in determining the list of regulations in the area of forest resources of Ukraine and, if needed, the list of regulatory acts that have to be improved; to prepare a draft of the regulatory legal act that would establish the procedure of plantations cutting, the methodology of their condition determination, recovery costs determination, the features of cutting. Keywords: plantations, cutting, right-of-way, woodcutting permit, order.

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Screening of Mosquitoes for West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in Croatia, 2015–2020

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed6020045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Ana Klobucar ◽

Vladimir Savic ◽

Marcela Curman Posavec ◽

Suncica Petrinic ◽

Urska Kuhar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Nile Virus ◽

Culex Pipiens ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

West Nile ◽

Usutu Virus ◽

Culex Pipiens Complex ◽

Mammalian Origin ◽

Mosquito Pool ◽

The City ◽

Generation Sequencing

In the period from 2015 to 2020, an entomological survey for the presence of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in mosquitoes was performed in northwestern Croatia. A total of 20,363 mosquitoes were sampled in the City of Zagreb and Međimurje county, grouped in 899 pools and tested by real-time RT-PCR for WNV and USUV RNA. All pools were negative for WNV while one pool each from 2016 (Aedes albopictus), 2017 (Culex pipiens complex), 2018 (Cx. pipiens complex), and 2019 (Cx. pipiens complex), respectively, was positive for USUV. The 2018 and 2019 positive pools shared 99.31% nucleotide homology within the USUV NS5 gene and both clustered within USUV Europe 2 lineage. The next-generation sequencing of one mosquito pool (Cx. pipiens complex) collected in 2018 in Zagreb confirmed the presence of USUV and revealed several dsDNA and ssRNA viruses of insect, bacterial and mammalian origin.

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