Ground cavity nest temperatures and their relevance to Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea conservation

Ostrich ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Wakelin ◽  
Amy-Leigh Wilson ◽  
Colleen T Downs
Keyword(s):  
Cavity Nest ◽  
Ground Cavity

scholarly journals An economical wireless cavity-nest viewer

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Huebner ◽  
Sarah R. Hurteau
Keyword(s):  
Cavity Nest

Influence of Cavity above Tunnel on Stratum Deformation and Failure in Urban Tunnelling

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 1810-1815
Author(s):  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Cheng Ping Zhang ◽  
Qian Qian Li ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Yi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Failure Process ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tunnel Engineering ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
Tunnel Section ◽  
Section Size ◽  
Ground Cavity ◽  
Stratum Deformation ◽  
Beijing Subway

In order to study the influence of cavity above the tunnel on stratum deformation and failure in urban tunnelling, the model test method was adopted based on the parameters of the stratum and tunnel section size in Beijing subway. The stratum responses were obtained under the conditions without ground cavity and with ground cavity above the tunnel. The responses include the stratum stress distribution, stratum settlement law and stratum failure process. It was concluded that the existence of ground cavity above the tunnel worsened the stratum condition and accelerated the progress of stratum deformation and failure. Furthermore, the failure began from the cavity and the damage scope was bigger than that under the condition without cavity according to the test results. The research results can be referenced for the similar tunnel engineering.

Supercooling and freeze tolerance in hatchling painted turtles (Chrysemys picta)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1082-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Paukstis ◽  
Robert D. Shuman ◽  
Fredric J. Janzen
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Tolerance ◽  
Chrysemys Picta ◽  
North Central ◽  
Nest Cavity ◽  
Cooling Cycle ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Painted Turtles ◽  
Northern Distribution ◽  
Cavity Nest

Hatchling painted turtles, (Chrysemys picta) in north central Nebraska overwinter terrestrially within the nest cavity. Nest temperatures as low as −2.1 °C were recorded during January 1982 within nests from which hatchlings survived. Under laboratory conditions, nine turtles survived a cooling cycle (0 to −8.0 to 0 °C) over a 29-h period. Four of these turtles exhibited the ability to supercool to temperatures as low as −8.9 °C at which point freezing occurred. Partial freeze tolerance was exhibited by one individual. The ability of hatchling painted turtles to supercool and to survive subfreezing temperatures may be an important factor in the northern distribution of this species.

scholarly journals Adult emergence order in a community of cavity-nesting bees and wasps, and their parasites

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Scott MacIvor
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Total N ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Trap Nests ◽  
History Information ◽  
Cavity Nest ◽  
Set Up

AbstractEvaluating resource use and overlap through time and space among and within species having similar habitat requirements informs community-level conservation and coexistence, efforts to monitor species at-risk and biological invasions. Many species share common nesting requirements; one example are cavity-nest bees and wasps, which provision nests in dark and dry holes in wood, plant stems, or other plant-based materials that can be bundled together into ‘trap nests’. In this study, the adult emergence order of 47 species of solitary cavity-nesting bees and wasps, and their parasites (total N>8000 brood cells) were obtained from two hundred identical trap nests set up each year (over three years) to survey these populations across Toronto, Canada and the surrounding region. All brood cells collected were reared in a growth chamber under constant warming temperature and humidity to determine species identity, and adult emergence order. This order ranged from 0 to 38 days, with all mason bees (Osmia spp.) emerging within the first two days, and the invasive resin bee species, Megachile sculpturalis Smith significantly later than all others. Late emerging species i) exhibited significantly greater intraspecific variation in mean emergence day and ii) were significantly larger in body size, compared to early emerging species. Detailing natural history information at the species- and community-level, such as the adult emergence order of coexisting cavity-nesting bees and wasps and their parasites, can inform the timing of deployment of trap nests to support and monitor target species, and refine experimental design to study these easily-surveyed and essential insect communities.

Is the risk of nest predation heterospecifically density-dependent in precocial species belonging to different nesting guilds?

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1164-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Elmberg ◽  
Hannu Pöysä
Keyword(s):  
Nest Predation ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Nest Cavity ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Pine Martens ◽  
Cavity Nest ◽  
The One ◽  
Cavity Nests

Nest predation is a key source of mortality and variation in fitness, but the effect co-occurring species belonging to different nesting guilds have on each other’s nest success is poorly understood. By using artificial nests, we tested if predation on cavity nests of Common Goldeneyes ( Bucephala clangula (L., 1758)) is increased in the presence of ground nests of Mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos L., 1758) and vice versa. Specifically, by adding ground nests in the vicinity of cavity nests, we tested the hypothesis that predation on cavity nests is heterospecifically density-dependent. A shared predator, the pine marten ( Martes martes (L., 1758)), was intensively hunted in one of the study areas, but not in the other, leading to most individuals in the former being naïve immigrants. Cavity-nest fate was not affected by addition of ground nests. Similarly, ground-nest survival did not decrease when nearby cavity nests were depredated. Fate of nests in a given nest cavity was highly predictable between years in the study area with minimal removal of pine martens, but not in the one with intensive removal. Predation rate was higher on cavity nests than on ground nests. Predation on ground nests was lower in the study area with intensive removal of pine martens. We conclude there was neither apparent competition between guilds nor heterospecific density-dependence in predation risk.

scholarly journals Cavity Nest Materials of Northern Flying Squirrels, Glaucomys sabrinus, and North American Red Squirrels, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, in a Secondary Hardwood Forest of Southern Ontario

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse E. H. Patterson ◽  
Stephen J. Patterson ◽  
Ray J. Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Glaucomys Sabrinus ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Flying Squirrels ◽  
Northern Flying Squirrels ◽  
Cavity Nest ◽  
North American Red Squirrels ◽  
Nest Materials

Through deployment of artificial nest boxes, we examined the composition of cavity nest materials used by Northern Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) and North American Red Squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in a secondary hardwood forest of southern Ontario, Canada. We collected 32 nests of known species association and found that 85.7% of G. sabrinus nests and 77.8% of T. hudsonicus nests were constructed almost entirely of shredded bark from Eastern White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis). Mean nest depth across all samples was 12.2 cm and showed no significant difference between species or between spring and summer nests. We review the antiparasitic properties of T. occidentalis and suggest that the use of shredded cedar bark by G. sabrinus and T. hudsonicus to line nest cavities may be a behavioural adaptation, which reduces ectoparasite loads in the nest environment.

scholarly journals Colony Structure and Nest Location of Two Species of Dacetine Ants:Pyramica ohioensis(Kennedy & Schramm) andPyramica rostrata(Emery) in Maryland (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Duffield ◽  
Gary D. Alpert
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Colony Structure ◽  
Nest Location ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cavity Nest ◽  
Nest Design ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Efficient Recovery ◽  
Artificial Cavity

The discovery of numerousPyramica ohioensisandP. rostratacolonies living in acorns, as well as the efficient recovery of colonies from artificial nests placed in suitable habitats, opens a new stage in the study of North American dacetine ants. Here we present detailed information, based on 42 nest collections, on the colony structure of these two species.P. ohioensiscolonies are smaller than those ofP. rostrata. Both species are polygynous, but nests ofP. ohioensiscontain fewer dealate queens than those ofP. rostrata. This is the first report of multiple collections ofPyramicacolonies nesting in fallen acorns, and of the use of artificial nesting cavities to sample for dacetines in the soil and leaf litter. We describe an artificial cavity nest design that may prove useful in future investigations.

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