scholarly journals Early infant diagnosis of HIV-I infection using dried blood spots among children born to seropositive mothers in Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Lokoja

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Aminat Omope Yusuf ◽  
Timothy Olugbenga Ogundeko ◽  
MamzhiSeljul Crown Ramyil ◽  
Catherine Nadabo ◽  
Nkiru Philomena Okoye
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Early Infant Diagnosis ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Early Infant

Early diagnosis of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in infants provides a critical opportunity to strengthen follow-up of HIV- exposed children using dried blood spots and assure early access to antiretroviral treatment for infected children. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HVI-1 infection in infants born to HIV-seropositive mothers. Early infant diagnosis of HIV sub-type I was carried out using on dried blood spots of 286 babies born to HIV-I seropositive mothers attending the Federal Medical Centre, Lokoja - Kogi State, Nigeria, between the months of July to December, 2013. Data obtained was analyzed using Gene Amp PCR System 9700. The overall rate of HIV-I vertical transmission from infected mothers to their babies was 14.5%. High transmission rates 63.5%was seen in babies whose mothers could not get any form of interventions with the least transmission rates seen in babies whose mothers either took HAART or were one form of ARV or the other (0 – 1.0%). Babies who took nevirapine as prophylaxis after delivery had lower rate (1%) of transmission. From the 30 women that mix-fed their babies, 6.7% transmission rate was recorded.Lack of antiretroviral drugs by HIV-I positive pregnant women was found to be associated with high rate of HIV-I transmission (p<0.05). Early intervention of mother to child transmission of HIV-1 infection using Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, exclusive breastfeeding practice as well as constant visit to Tertiary Hospitals for counseling and management of HIV infection reduced the rate of infection among the infants born to seropositive mothers.

scholarly journals Early infant diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in Luanda, Angola, using a new DNA PCR assay and dried blood spots

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0181352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Martin ◽  
Claudia Palladino ◽  
Rita Mateus ◽  
Anna Bolzan ◽  
Perpétua Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Early Infant Diagnosis ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Dna Pcr ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Systematic Review of the Use of Dried Blood Spots for Monitoring HIV Viral Load and for Early Infant Diagnosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e86461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter W. Smit ◽  
Kimberly A. Sollis ◽  
Susan Fiscus ◽  
Nathan Ford ◽  
Marco Vitoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Early Infant Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Early Infant

Performance of Roche CAP/CTM HIV-1 qualitative test version 2.0 using dried blood spots for early infant diagnosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sokhna Bousso Gueye ◽  
Halimatou Diop-Ndiaye ◽  
Mamadou Malick Diallo ◽  
Omar Ly ◽  
Aissatou Sow-Ndoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Early Infant Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Test Version ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
Hiv 1

Implementation of HIV Early Infant Diagnosis and HIV Type 1 RNA Viral Load Determination on Dried Blood Spots in Cameroon: Challenges and Propositions

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Nguefeu Nkenfou ◽  
Elise Elong Lobé ◽  
Odile Ouwe-Missi-Oukem-Boyer ◽  
Martin Samuel Sosso ◽  
Béatrice Dambaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Early Infant Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Viral Load Determination

scholarly journals Comparison of the Gen-Probe Aptima HIV-1 and Abbott HIV-1 qualitative assays with the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 DNA assay for early infant diagnosis using dried blood spots

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A.E. Nelson ◽  
J. Tyler Hawkins ◽  
Maria Schanz ◽  
Katie Mollan ◽  
Melissa B. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Early Infant Diagnosis ◽  
Dna Assay ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Barriers to early infant diagnosis of HIV in the Wa Municipality and Lawra District of Upper West Region, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Robert Nuoh ◽  
Kofi Nyarko ◽  
Charles Noora ◽  
Adolphina Addo-Lartey ◽  
Priscillia Nortey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Early Infant Diagnosis ◽  
Independent Source ◽  
Positive Mother ◽  
West Region ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Exposed Infant ◽  
Wa Municipality

Objective: We identified socio-demographic, health system and psycho-social barriers to Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV in the Upper West Region of Ghana.Design: An unmatched case control study of 96 cases and 96 controls was conducted in the ART centers in Lawra district and Wa Municipality between December 2014 and April 2015.Setting: A public health facilityParticipants: We defined a case as an HIV positive mother with an exposed infant who received EID service between January 2011 and December 2014. A control was defined as HIV Positive Mother with an exposed infant who did not receive EID services between January 2011 and December 2014.Main outcome: EID by dry blood spot Deoxyribonucleic acid Polymerase chain reaction.Results: A total of 192 mother-infant pairs were assessed. The mean age of infants at testing for cases was 17.3±14.9 weeks. Mother-to-child-transmission-rate was 2.3%. Factors associated with EID testing included: mother being formallyemployed (cOR=2.0: 95%CI:1.1-3.8), maternal formal education (cOR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.1-3.6) and maternal independent source of income (cOR 2.2, 95%CI 1.2-4.1). After adjusting for confounders, maternal independent incomebsource was associated with EID testing (aOR 2.2, 95%CI 1.2-4.1). Median turn-around time of EID result was 11 weeks (IQR 4-27weeks).Conclusion: Women need to be empowered to gain an independent source of income. This can help maximize the benefits of e-MTCT and increase EID in the Upper West Region of Ghana.Keywords: Barriers; HIV; early infant diagnosis; DNA-PCR; GhanaFunding: This work was funded by the authors

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Microassay for δ-Aminolevulinate Dehydratase in Dried-Blood Spots as Confirmation for Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type I

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1424-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schulze ◽  
David Frommhold ◽  
Georg F Hoffmann ◽  
Ertan Mayatepek
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Neonatal Screening ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Type I ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Tyrosinemia Type I ◽  
Aminolevulinate Dehydratase ◽  
Hereditary Tyrosinemia

Abstract Background: Hereditary tyrosinemia type I (HT) fulfills the criteria for inclusion in neonatal screening programs, but measurement of tyrosine lacks clinical specificity and quantitative assay of succinylacetone is laborious. We developed a semiquantitative assay based on inhibition of δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D) by succinylacetone. Methods: Preincubation of 3-mm discs from dried-blood spots and reaction of the enzyme with δ-aminolevulinic acid as substrate were performed in microtiter plates. After separation of the supernatant and 10 min of color reaction with modified Ehrlich reagent, the formation of porphobilinogen was measured at 550 nm in a plate reader. Results: The detection limit for succinylacetone was 0.3 μmol/L; imprecision (CV) was &lt;5.5% within-run and 10–16% between-run. Storage of blood spots at ambient temperature for several days led to a significant decrease of ALA-D activity. Enzyme activity was lost in filter cards at 45 °C, but remained stable at 2–37 °C. Enzyme activity was decreased in EDTA blood. The absorbance at 550 nm was 0.221 (± 0.073) in healthy neonates and 0.043–0.100 in 11 patients with HT. All neonates with increased tyrosine (above the 99.5th centile) in neonatal screening (97 of 47 000) had normal results by the new assay. Conclusions: The spectrophotometric microassay for ALA-D is a simple and sensitive test for HT. This represents a basis for further examination of its general reliability as a confirmatory test if tyrosine is found to be increased.

scholarly journals Combined Newborn Screening for Succinylacetone, Amino Acids, and Acylcarnitines in Dried Blood Spots

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coleman Turgeon ◽  
Mark J Magera ◽  
Pierre Allard ◽  
Silvia Tortorelli ◽  
Dimitar Gavrilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Newborn Screening ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Type I ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Negative Results

Abstract Background: Tyrosinemia type I (TYR 1) is a disorder causing early death if left untreated. Newborn screening (NBS) for this condition is problematic because determination of the diagnostic marker, succinylacetone (SUAC), requires a separate first-tier or only partially effective second-tier analysis based on tyrosine concentration. To overcome these problems, we developed a new assay that simultaneously determines acylcarnitines (AC), amino acids (AA), and SUAC in dried blood spots (DBS) by flow injection tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Methods: We extracted 3/16-inch DBS punches with 300 μL methanol containing AA and AC stable isotope-labeled internal standards. This extract was derivatized with butanol-HCl. In parallel, we extracted SUAC from the residual filter paper with 100 μL of a 15 mmol/L hydrazine solution containing the internal standard 13C5-SUAC. We combined the derivatized aliquots in acetonitrile for MS/MS analysis of AC and AA with additional SRM experiments for SUAC (m/z 155–137) and 13C5-SUAC (m/z 160–142). Analysis time was 1.2 min. Results: SUAC was increased in retrospectively analyzed NBS samples of 11 TYR 1 patients (length of storage, 52 months to 1 week; SUAC range, 13–81 μmol/L), with Tyr concentrations ranging from 65 to 293 μmol/L in the original NBS analysis. The mean concentration of SUAC in 13 521 control DBS was 1.25 μmol/L. Conclusion: The inclusion of SUAC analysis into routine analysis of AC and AA allows for rapid and cost-effective screening for TYR 1 with no tangible risk of false-negative results.

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