Comparison of the Gen-Probe Aptima HIV-1 and Abbott HIV-1 qualitative assays with the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 DNA assay for early infant diagnosis using dried blood spots

Early diagnosis of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in infants provides a critical opportunity to strengthen follow-up of HIV- exposed children using dried blood spots and assure early access to antiretroviral treatment for infected children. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HVI-1 infection in infants born to HIV-seropositive mothers. Early infant diagnosis of HIV sub-type I was carried out using on dried blood spots of 286 babies born to HIV-I seropositive mothers attending the Federal Medical Centre, Lokoja - Kogi State, Nigeria, between the months of July to December, 2013. Data obtained was analyzed using Gene Amp PCR System 9700. The overall rate of HIV-I vertical transmission from infected mothers to their babies was 14.5%. High transmission rates 63.5%was seen in babies whose mothers could not get any form of interventions with the least transmission rates seen in babies whose mothers either took HAART or were one form of ARV or the other (0 – 1.0%). Babies who took nevirapine as prophylaxis after delivery had lower rate (1%) of transmission. From the 30 women that mix-fed their babies, 6.7% transmission rate was recorded.Lack of antiretroviral drugs by HIV-I positive pregnant women was found to be associated with high rate of HIV-I transmission (p<0.05). Early intervention of mother to child transmission of HIV-1 infection using Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, exclusive breastfeeding practice as well as constant visit to Tertiary Hospitals for counseling and management of HIV infection reduced the rate of infection among the infants born to seropositive mothers.

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Implementation of HIV Early Infant Diagnosis and HIV Type 1 RNA Viral Load Determination on Dried Blood Spots in Cameroon: Challenges and Propositions

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses ◽

10.1089/aid.2010.0371 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 176-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Céline Nguefeu Nkenfou ◽

Elise Elong Lobé ◽

Odile Ouwe-Missi-Oukem-Boyer ◽

Martin Samuel Sosso ◽

Béatrice Dambaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Dried Blood Spots ◽

Early Infant Diagnosis ◽

Blood Spots ◽

Early Infant ◽

Hiv Type 1 ◽

Viral Load Determination

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PCR of DNA from dried blood spots on filter paper coupled to a simple DNA enzyme immunoassay for rapid detection of HIV-1

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences ◽

10.1007/bf01919526 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 308-309

Author(s):

B. Schweiger ◽

C. Kücherer ◽

C. Fleischer ◽

H. v. Spreckelsen ◽

P. Zablocki-Kaiser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Immunoassay ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Rapid Detection ◽

Dried Blood Spots ◽

Blood Spots ◽

Dna Enzyme Immunoassay ◽

Hiv 1

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Analytical performance of an automated assay quantifying HIV-1 from dried blood spots

Journal of Clinical Virology ◽

10.1016/j.jcv.2013.03.001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 271-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Felix Kleshik ◽

Jesse Brooks ◽

Carlo Cosenza ◽

Thomas R. Battersby

Keyword(s):

Dried Blood Spots ◽

Analytical Performance ◽

Blood Spots ◽

Automated Assay ◽

Hiv 1

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Feasibility and acceptability of implementing early infant diagnosis of HIV in Papua New Guinea at the point of care: a qualitative exploration of health worker and key informant perspectives

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043679 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e043679

Author(s):

Yasmin Mohamed ◽

Martha Kupul ◽

Janet Gare ◽

Steven G Badman ◽

Selina Silim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

Standard Care ◽

Health Workers ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Early Infant Diagnosis ◽

Pmtct Programme ◽

Early Infant ◽

Qualitative Exploration ◽

Hiv 1

IntroductionEarly infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV and timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality among HIV-positive infants. Access to EID is limited in many low-income and middle-income settings, particularly those in which standard care involves dried blood spots (DBS) sent to centralised laboratories, such as in Papua New Guinea (PNG). We conducted a qualitative exploration of the feasibility and acceptability of implementing a point-of-care (POC) EID test (Xpert HIV-1 Qualitative assay) among health workers and key stakeholders working within the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme in PNG.MethodsThis qualitative substudy was conducted as part of a pragmatic trial to investigate the effectiveness of the Xpert HIV-1 Qualitative test for EID in PNG and Myanmar. Semistructured interviews were undertaken with 5 health workers and 13 key informants to explore current services, experiences of EID testing, perspectives on the Xpert test and the feasibility of integrating and scaling up POC EID in PNG. Coding was undertaken using inductive and deductive approaches, drawing on existing acceptability and feasibility frameworks.ResultsHealth workers and key informants (N=18) felt EID at POC was feasible to implement and beneficial to HIV-exposed infants and their families, staff and the PMTCT programme more broadly. All study participants highlighted starting HIV-positive infants on treatment immediately as the main advantage of POC EID compared with standard care DBS testing. Health workers identified insufficient resources to follow up infants and caregivers and space constraints in hospitals as barriers to implementation. Participants emphasised the importance of adequate human resources, ongoing training and support, appropriate coordination and a sustainable supply of consumables to ensure effective scale-up of the test throughout PNG.ConclusionsImplementation of POC EID in a low HIV prevalence setting such as PNG is likely to be both feasible and beneficial with careful planning and adequate resources.Trial registration number12616000734460.

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