Physiological and biochemical implications of prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and Piliostigma thonningii extract on the renal function indices of female rats

Despite growing evidence of sex differences in the progression of hypertension, there are no guidelines that differentiate treatment between men and women. Intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation and tissue injury in 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats have been characterized in previous studies of male but not female rats. To evaluate possible sex differences in response to renovascular hypertension, urinary angiotensinogen (uAGT) excretion, systolic blood pressure (BP), urinary protein excretion, and renal function were assessed in female rats.Female (n=8) and male (n=6) rats underwent placement of a 0.2 mm clip on the left renal artery to simulate unilateral renal artery stenosis. BP was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography, and clearance studies were conducted in anesthetized rats to assess renal function. Urine protein concentration was determined by pyrogallol red method. uAGT was measured by ELISA as an index of intrarenal RAS activity. Systolic BP increased from 120±1 to 176±8 mmHg, and urinary protein excretion reached 20.2±5.6 mg/day in female rats. Although uAGT excretion increased from 13.2±7.7 ng/day to 74.1±29.9 ng/day in female rats, male rats had a significantly higher uAGT excretion of 1572.6±750 ng/day. Nonclipped kidneys exhibited more uAGT excretion compared to clipped kidneys, consistent with previous findings in males. Although 2K1C female rats demonstrate significantly lower renal function than sham females, they show more preserved renal function than male rats. Female rats also demonstrate significantly lower increases in systolic BP and urinary protein excretion compared to male rats. The data support substantial sex-dependent differences in renal responses to unilateral renal artery stenosis. The results show substantial increases in systolic BP, uAGT, and urinary protein excretion and decreased renal function after renal artery clipping in females, but the magnitude of the changes is markedly lower than in males. Nonclipped kidneys of both sexes exhibit greater uAGT excretion than clipped kidneys. Notably, females show less augmentation of the intrarenal RAS compared to male rats in renovascular hypertension.

Download Full-text

P0981ANTIDIABETIC AND RENOPROTECTIVE ROLE OF METFORMIN ON METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN KIDNEY OF DIABETIC AGING RATS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0981 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Pardeep Kumar ◽

Najma Baquer

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Membrane Fluidity ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Glucose Transporters ◽

Dna Degradation ◽

Female Rats ◽

Aging Rats ◽

Age Related

Abstract Background and Aims The objective of this study was to investigate renoprotective effects of metformin on renal function, mitochondrial and antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress biomarker, DNA degradation and expression of glucose transporters in of diabetic aging female rats. Method Young (3 months) adult (12 months) and aged (24 months) rats will be diabetic by using alloxan monohydrate. Metformin was administered i.p. at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day for 30 days to both control and diabetic aging rats. A detailed study was carried on membrane fluidity, lipofuscin, antioxidant enzymes and DNA degradation to identify the antidiabetic and antiaging role of metformin using biochemical ,molecular and histiochemical study. Renal function was assessed by measuring proteinuria, enzymuria, expression of glucose transporters, renin-angiotensin system, and activities of polyol pathway enzymes. Results Present study shows that there was a similar pattern of increased lipid peroxidation, lipofuscin, DNA degradation and glucose transporters expression with upregulation of renal angiotensin-converting enzyme and a decrease in membrane fluidity, glutamate dehydrogenase, Na+ K+ ATPse, antixodant enzymes activities in both aging and diabetes. Metformin treatment helped to reverse the age related changes studied, to normal levels, elucidating an anti-aging, antidiabetic and renoprotective action. Metformin effectively countered the diabetes-induced structural abnormalities of renal tissue of aging rats. Conclusion Metformin was found to be an effective treatment in stabilizing and normalizing the renal functions; therefore this therapy can be considered an alternative to be explored further as a means of diabetic and aged related disorders control. The results of this study will be useful for pharmacological modification of the aging process and applying new strategies for control of age related disorders including metabolic syndrome.

Download Full-text

Effect of atrial natriuretic factor on renal function in rats with papillary necrosis

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1987.252.6.f977 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 252 (6) ◽

pp. F977-F980

Author(s):

D. A. Hildebrandt ◽

R. O. Banks

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽

Female Rats ◽

Renal Papilla ◽

Papillary Necrosis ◽

Pentobarbital Sodium ◽

Natriuretic Factor ◽

Diuretic Response ◽

Bladder Urine ◽

Atrial Natriuretic

The current study was designed to evaluate whether the renal papilla participates in the natriuretic and diuretic response to atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). Papillary necrosis was induced in female rats by intravenous infusion of 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide (BEA) 48 h prior to clearance experiments; untreated (UNT) animals served as controls. Rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, tracheotomized, and catheters placed in a femoral artery and vein and in the bladder. At the time of surgery, the bladder urine was collected and its osmolality used as an indication of papillary destruction. Mean urine osmolalities (+/- SE) of BEA rats were significantly lower than those of UNT rats (443 +/- 10 vs. 1,229 +/- 57 mosmol/kg, respectively), indicating that BEA caused papillary necrosis. Synthetic ANF (rat 8-33) was given as a bolus intravenously (1.25, 2.5, 5.0 micrograms/kg). The ANF-induced increases in sodium excretion were not significantly different between UNT and BEA rats at any ANF dose. These results demonstrate that a functional papilla is not required for the action of ANF in the rat.

Download Full-text

Age-related changes in renal hemodynamics in female rats: role of multiple pregnancy and NO

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.6.r1985 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 272 (6) ◽

pp. R1985-R1989 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. F. Reckelhoff

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Renal Plasma Flow ◽

Multiple Pregnancy ◽

Renal Hemodynamics ◽

Female Rats ◽

No Production ◽

Renal Vasculature ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Age Related ◽

Renal Vascular

The objective of the present study was to evaluate 1) the effect of multiple pregnancy and aging on renal function and 2) the effect of NO inhibition on renal function in aged virgin and multiply pregnant rats. Renal hemodynamics were measured in the presence or absence of chronic (2 wk) NO synthase inhibition (nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME) in young virgins (YV, 3-4 mo), old virgins (OV, 17-18 mo), and old retired breeders (ORB, 17-18 mo) that had sustained eight to nine pregnancies and lactations. Blood pressure was not different between control YV and OV. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), and renal vascular resistance (RVR) were similar in OV and control YV. In contrast, the renal vasculature of ORB was more vasoconstricted in ORB than in YV or OV:GFR was decreased by 35% and RVR was higher than in YV or OV. With L-NAME there were similar increases in arterial pressure in all rats. In control YV, L-NAME had no effect on GFR, decreased RPF by 20%, and increased RVR by twofold. In OV, L-NAME decreased GFR by 30% and RPF by 60% and increased RVR by 3.3-fold. In ORB, L-NAME had no effect on GFR, decreased RPF by 30%, and increased RVR by 1.8-fold. These data suggest that the renal vasculature of ORB is vasoconstricted and that the mechanism may be due to a decrease in NO production.

Download Full-text

Eremomastax speciosa potentializes the PMSG-inducing effect on some physiological and biochemical parameters in PMSG-primed immature rats

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199420000350 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 482-488

Author(s):

Gildas Tetaping Mbemya ◽

Marie Stéphanie Goka Chekem ◽

Landry Lienou Lienou ◽

Njina Nguedia Sylvain ◽

Jiatsa Nathalie Donfack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Methylene Chloride ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Female Rats ◽

Immature Female ◽

Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin ◽

Serum Gonadotropin ◽

Puberty Onset ◽

Uterine Proteins ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

SummaryThe present study evaluated the effect of the aqueous extract from leaves of E. speciosa on some physiological and biochemical parameters of reproduction and the onset of puberty in pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG)-primed immature female rats. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the phenolic compounds in the methanol/methylene chloride (1:1) extract, the ethanolic and ethyl acetate fractions and the aqueous residue of E. speciosa. E. speciosa (0, 8, 32 or 64 mg/kg) were administered for 15 days to 24 non-PMSG-primed and 24 primed rats with 0.01 IU of PMSG. At the end of the treatment period, animal were sacrificed and their body, ovarian, uterine weight, ovarian protein or cholesterol level, as well as data on puberty onset were recorded. Of the 16 polyphenolic compounds quantitatively revealed in the extracts and fractions of E. speciosa after HPLC analysis, quercetin, rutin, apigenin and eugenol were the most abundant. Non-primed rats showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the uterine relative weight at the dose of 8 mg/kg when compared with the other treatments. The uterine proteins and the ovarian cholesterol (P < 0.05), respectively, showed a reduction at doses of 64 mg/kg and 32 mg/kg in non-primed rats. However in PMSG-primed rats, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in ovarian cholesterol at 64 mg/kg. In conclusion, E. speciosa potentializes the PMSG-inducing effect on folliculogenesis in PMSG-primed rats.

Download Full-text