Identification and analysis of JAK-STAT pathway genes in Drosophila melanogaster immunity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Kadaba Ranganath
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Stat Pathway

scholarly journals The use of Drosophila Melanogaster as a Model Organism to study the effect of Innate Immunity on Metabolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Mohbeddin ◽  
Nawar Haj Ahmed ◽  
Layla Kamareddine
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Signal Transducer ◽  
Metabolic Homeostasis ◽  
Stat Signaling ◽  
Stat Pathway

Apart from its traditional role in disease control, recent body of evidence has implicated a role of the immune system in regulating metabolic homeostasis. Owing to the importance of this “immune-metabolic alignment” in dictating a state of health or disease, a proper mechanistic understanding of this alignment is crucial in opening up for promising therapeutic approaches against a broad range of chronic, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders like obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel syndrome. In this project, we addressed the role of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) innate immune pathway in regulating different metabolic parameters using the Drosophila melanogaster (DM) fruit fly model organism. Mutant JAK/STAT pathway flies with a systemic knockdown of either Domeless (Dome) [domeG0282], the receptor that activates JAK/STAT signaling, or the signal-transducer and activator of transcription protein at 92E (Stat92E) [stat92EEY10528], were used. The results of the study revealed that blocking JAK/STAT signaling alters the metabolic profile of mutant flies. Both domeG0282 and stat92EEY10528 mutants had an increase in body weight, lipid deprivation from their fat body (lipid storage organ in flies), irregular accumulation of lipid droplets in the gut, systemic elevation of glucose and triglyceride levels, and differential down-regulation in the relative gene expression of different peptide hormones (Tachykinin, Allatostatin C, and Diuretic hormone 31) known to regulate metabolic homeostasis in flies. Because the JAK/STAT pathway is evolutionary conserved between invertebrates and vertebrates, our potential findings in the fruit fly serves as a platform for further immune-metabolic translational studies in more complex mammalian systems including humans.

scholarly journals Induction of host defence responses by Drosophila C virus

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1497-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Hedges ◽  
Karyn N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Reporter Genes ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Icosahedral Virus ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Stat Pathway

Insect responses that are specific for virus infection have been investigated using the genetically tractable Drosophila melanogaster. Most studies focus on interactions with Drosophila C virus (DCV), which is a member of the family Dicistroviridae. DCV is a non-enveloped, T=3 icosahedral virus with a positive-sense RNA genome. It was demonstrated recently that several genes controlled by the Jak-STAT pathway are specifically upregulated upon DCV infection. To investigate the virus factors that induce these responses, we used the Jak-STAT regulated genes as reporter genes. Challenge of flies with non-infectious DCV particles or double-stranded RNA did not stimulate significant upregulation of the antiviral response genes. In addition, there was no difference in reporter gene upregulation between Drosophila challenged with three different strains of DCV. This suggests that upregulation of these Drosophila genes may require virus replication and may involve the non-structural proteins of DCV.

scholarly journals Integration of JAK/STAT receptor–ligand trafficking, signalling and gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (19) ◽  
pp. jcs246199
Author(s):  
Rachel Moore ◽  
Katja Vogt ◽  
Adelina E. Acosta-Martin ◽  
Patrick Shire ◽  
Martin Zeidler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Pathway Regulation ◽  
Endocytic Regulation ◽  
Stat Transcription Factor ◽  
Signalling Cascade ◽  
Stat Pathway

ABSTRACTThe JAK/STAT pathway is an essential signalling cascade required for multiple processes during development and for adult homeostasis. A key question in understanding this pathway is how it is regulated in different cell contexts. Here, we have examined how endocytic processing contributes to signalling by the single cytokine receptor in Drosophila melanogaster cells, Domeless. We identify an evolutionarily conserved di-leucine (di-Leu) motif that is required for Domeless internalisation and show that endocytosis is required for activation of a subset of Domeless targets. Our data indicate that endocytosis both qualitatively and quantitatively regulates Domeless signalling. STAT92E, the single STAT transcription factor in Drosophila, appears to be the target of endocytic regulation, and our studies show that phosphorylation of STAT92E on Tyr704, although necessary, is not always sufficient for target transcription. Finally, we identify a conserved residue, Thr702, which is essential for Tyr704 phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings identify previously unknown aspects of JAK/STAT pathway regulation likely to play key roles in the spatial and temporal regulation of signalling in vivo.

scholarly journals Domeless receptor loss in fat body tissue reverts insulin resistance induced by a high-sugar diet in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Lourido ◽  
Daniela Quenti ◽  
Daniela Salgado-Canales ◽  
Nicolás Tobar
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Diabetes Model ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Stat Pathway

AbstractInsulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes resulting from the confluence of several factors, including genetic susceptibility, inflammation, and diet. Under this pathophysiological condition, the dysfunction of the adipose tissue triggered by the excess caloric supply promotes the loss of sensitivity to insulin at the local and peripheral level, a process in which different signaling pathways are involved that are part of the metabolic response to the diet. Besides, the dysregulation of insulin signaling is strongly associated with inflammatory processes in which the JAK/STAT pathway plays a central role. To better understand the role of JAK/STAT signaling in the development of insulin resistance, we used a simple organism, Drosophila melanogaster, as a type 2 diabetes model generated by the consumption of a high-sugar diet. In this model, we studied the effects of inhibiting the expression of the JAK/STAT pathway receptor Domeless, in fat body, on adipose metabolism and glycemic control. Our results show that the Domeless receptor loss in fat body cells reverses both hyperglycemia and the increase in the expression of the insulin resistance marker Nlaz, observed in larvae fed a high sugar diet. This effect is consistent with a significant reduction in Dilp2 mRNA expression and an increase in body weight compared to wild-type flies fed high sugar diets. Additionally, the loss of Domeless reduced the accumulation of triglycerides in the fat body cells of larvae fed HSD and also significantly increased the lifespan of adult flies. Taken together, our results show that the loss of Domeless in the fat body reverses at least in part the dysmetabolism induced by a high sugar diet in a Drosophila type 2 diabetes model.

Author response for "Location and arrangement of campaniform sensilla in Drosophila melanogaster"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa F. Dinges ◽  
Alexander S. Chockley ◽  
Till Bockemühl ◽  
Kei Ito ◽  
Alexander Blanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla

Live Confocal Analysis of Fertilization and Early Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1012-1013
Author(s):  
Uyen Tram ◽  
William Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Fluorescent Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Event ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Fluorescent Studies

Embryonic development is a dynamic event and is best studied in live animals in real time. Much of our knowledge of the early events of embryogenesis, however, comes from immunofluourescent analysis of fixed embryos. While these studies provide an enormous amount of information about the organization of different structures during development, they can give only a static glimpse of a very dynamic event. More recently real-time fluorescent studies of living embryos have become much more routine and have given new insights to how different structures and organelles (chromosomes, centrosomes, cytoskeleton, etc.) are coordinately regulated. This is in large part due to the development of commercially available fluorescent probes, GFP technology, and newly developed sensitive fluorescent microscopes. For example, live confocal fluorescent analysis proved essential in determining the primary defect in mutations that disrupt early nuclear divisions in Drosophila melanogaster. For organisms in which GPF transgenics is not available, fluorescent probes that label DNA, microtubules, and actin are available for microinjection.

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