scholarly journals Re-Contemplating the Classification of Multiple Reeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Liu Xiangkun
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Structural Difference ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Insight Into

The 2011 Revision of the Hornbostel-Sachs Classification of Musical Instruments by the MIMO Consortium categorises the “reedpipes with double (or quadruple) reeds” (422.1) according to the number of pipes, bore shapes, and finger holes, as it does to many other instrument groups. However, this scheme rather overlooks the significantly varied features of the multiple reeds themselves – their structural difference that determines their making and functioning, and how they connect to the pipe body – especially considering the vast varieties and distribution of multiple reeds compared with other types of reed pipes. Following the hierarchical classification of reed pipes (422) primarily according to the types of reeds, this paper would propose a further classification based on the “subtypes” of multiple reeds. The first level divides into “idioglot reeds” and “staple-mounted reeds” based on the connection of reeds with the pipe body. Idioglot reeds make one-part and two-part reed pipes, the former “usually a flattened stem” of the upper end of the pipe itself and the latter made from unbroken thick cane that fits inside the pipe bore. In contrast, staple-mounted reeds make three-part reed pipes. Some have fixed sides so that only the tips of reed blades are free to vibrate, while others have detached individual leaves that can vibrate on all sides. Given that reeds, as the primary source of sonic vibration, decide many fundamental features of a reed pipe, this recontemplated classification is likely to provide more distinct insight into their construct, functioning, and historical lineages.

Classification of Infant Vocalizations by Untrained Listeners

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3265-3275
Author(s):  
Heather L. Ramsdell-Hudock ◽  
Anne S. Warlaumont ◽  
Lindsey E. Foss ◽  
Candice Perry
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Listener Responses ◽  
Infant Vocalization ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Infant Vocalizations ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Speech And Language Development ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose To better enable communication among researchers, clinicians, and caregivers, we aimed to assess how untrained listeners classify early infant vocalization types in comparison to terms currently used by researchers and clinicians. Method Listeners were caregivers with no prior formal education in speech and language development. A 1st group of listeners reported on clinician/researcher-classified vowel, squeal, growl, raspberry, whisper, laugh, and cry vocalizations obtained from archived video/audio recordings of 10 infants from 4 through 12 months of age. A list of commonly used terms was generated based on listener responses and the standard research terminology. A 2nd group of listeners was presented with the same vocalizations and asked to select terms from the list that they thought best described the sounds. Results Classifications of the vocalizations by listeners largely overlapped with published categorical descriptors and yielded additional insight into alternate terms commonly used. The biggest discrepancies were found for the vowel category. Conclusion Prior research has shown that caregivers are accurate in identifying canonical babbling, a major prelinguistic vocalization milestone occurring at about 6–7 months of age. This indicates that caregivers are also well attuned to even earlier emerging vocalization types. This supports the value of continuing basic and clinical research on the vocal types infants produce in the 1st months of life and on their potential diagnostic utility, and may also help improve communication between speech-language pathologists and families.

Classification of Igbo musical instruments, Nigeria

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy N. Lo-Bamijoko
Keyword(s):  
Musical Instruments

scholarly journals Ecotoxicological Assessment of Microplastics in Freshwater Sources—A Review

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Martina Miloloža ◽  
Dajana Kučić Grgić ◽  
Tomislav Bolanča ◽  
Šime Ukić ◽  
Matija Cvetnić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Problem ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Ecotoxicological Assessment ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Insight Into

High living standards and a comfortable modern way of life are related to an increased usage of various plastic products, yielding eventually the generation of an increased amount of plastic debris in the environment. A special concern is on microplastics (MPs), recently classified as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). This review focuses on MPs’ adverse effects on the environment based on their bioactivity. Hence, the main topic covered is MPs’ ecotoxicity on various aquatic (micro)organisms such as bacteria, algae, daphnids, and fish. The cumulative toxic effects caused by MPs and adsorbed organic/inorganic pollutants are presented and critically discussed. Since MPs’ bioactivity, including ecotoxicity, is strongly influenced by their properties (e.g., types, size, shapes), the most common classification of MPs types present in freshwater are provided, along with their main characteristics. The review includes also the sources of MPs discharge in the environment and the currently available characterization methods for monitoring MPs, including identification and quantification, to obtain a broader insight into the complex problem caused by the presence of MPs in the environment.

scholarly journals Geometrically rational real conic bundles and very transitive actions

2010 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Blanc ◽  
Frédéric Mangolte
Keyword(s):  
Automorphism Groups ◽  
Algebraic Surfaces ◽  
Algebraic Models ◽  
Transitive Automorphism ◽  
Real Locus ◽  
Real Algebraic Surfaces ◽  
Conic Bundles ◽  
Transitive Actions ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractIn this article we study the transitivity of the group of automorphisms of real algebraic surfaces. We characterize real algebraic surfaces with very transitive automorphism groups. We give applications to the classification of real algebraic models of compact surfaces: these applications yield new insight into the geometry of the real locus, proving several surprising facts on this geometry. This geometry can be thought of as a half-way point between the biregular and birational geometries.

scholarly journals A Medical Cloud-Based Platform for Respiration Rate Measurement and Hierarchical Classification of Breath Disorders

Sensors ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 11204-11224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atena Fekr ◽  
Majid Janidarmian ◽  
Katarzyna Radecka ◽  
Zeljko Zilic
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Medical Cloud ◽  
Respiration Rate Measurement
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