scholarly journals Control of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) adults and eggs with phosphine

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 400-400
Author(s):  
C.W. Van_Epenhuijsen ◽  
S.K. Wimalaratne ◽  
K.G. Somerfield ◽  
D.I. Hedderley ◽  
B.B.C. Page ◽  
...  

Onion thrips are a major pest of New Zealand onion and asparagus exports Onions are generally treated with methyl bromide if export shipments are contaminated with thrips Phosphine is a possible alternative fumigant for disinfestation particularly as it is less likely to have phytotoxic effects on onions than methyl bromide This research aimed to identify a short duration (23 day) phosphine treatment protocol using cylinderised phosphine that gave complete control of onion thrips adults and eggs without causing a decline in onion bulb quality Adults and egg life stages of onion thrips were treated with two concentrations of phosphine (700 and 1100 ppm) for either 48 or 72 h at a mean temperature of 20C Phosphine was applied directly to adult thrips that had been collected and held in jars as well as to infested onions None of the treated adults survived and none of the treated eggs hatched and survived after 48 h exposure to phosphine fumigation at a mean concentration of 706 ppm There were no visible signs of phytotoxicity following phosphine treatment It is recommended that this treatment regime is tested at a larger scale on stored onions infested with onion thrips

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
N.A. Martin ◽  
P.J. Workman ◽  
D. Hedderley

Onion thrips Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera Thripidae) is the main insect pest on New Zealand onions The onion industry recommends monitoring 50 or 100 plants in 10 or 20 groups of 5 plants and applying a cluster of insecticides when populations reach 01 thrips/plant The robustness of these guidelines was tested by monitoring six crops before and after the first cluster of insecticides Two people each recorded the numbers of adult and larval thrips in each crop on each occasion using the following strategies (1) 100 randomly stratified plants (2) 20 groups of five plants randomly selected from 1 m2 and (3) 20 groups of five adjacent plants giving a total of 300 plants sampled When sampling 100 plants estimates of thrips/plant were similar for each of the three sampling strategies However to obtain a particular level of precision fewer plants could be sampled using stratified randomly selected plants than groups of five plants


2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
S. He ◽  
M-C. Nielsen ◽  
L.L. Fagan

Yellow tree lupin (Lupinus arboreus) an abundant weed in New Zealand is host to several economically important thrips species The diversity and relative abundance of thrips found on yellow tree lupin were measured weekly via handcollections over the 2008/09 summer at two locations in Canterbury separated by 8 km From the 1540 thrips that were collected and slidemounted eight thrips species were identified The most abundant species was New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus) followed by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) the lupin strain of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Thrips vulgatissimus Thrips australis Limothrips cerealium Chirothrips manicatus and Tenothrips frici The largest variation in relative abundance occurred in early December with onion thrips dominant at Killinchy and western 64258;ower thrips dominant at Rakaia In late December at Rakaia the dominant species shifted to New Zealand 64258;ower thrips This indicates considerable spatial and temporal variation in relative abundance of thrips species


2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
M.J. Griffin ◽  
N.E.M. Page-Weir ◽  
S.P. Redpath ◽  
A. Chhagan ◽  
...  

Methyl bromide fumigation became mandatory for capsicums and truss tomatoes exported to Australia after tomato potato psyllid (TPP) was detected in 2006 in New Zealand Methyl bromide detrimentally affects product quality by increasing rots and the browning of the green stems An alternative being tested is ethyl formate (EF) and carbon dioxide commercially available as VAPORMATEreg; This study examined the tolerances of different life stages of TPP to EF Eggs were considerably more tolerant of EF than adults and nymphs Complete elimination of egg hatch was achieved after a 1h exposure to 119 EF In contrast all nymphs and adults were killed after a 1h exposure to 012 and 006 EF respectively Assessment of egg mortality was altered to better reflect the posthatch treatment effects on nymph survival In a subsequent egg age tolerance trial mean lethal concentrations for 99 mortality ranged from ca 1 EF for young and older eggs to ca 15 EF for midaged eggs


2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
N.E.M. Page-Weir ◽  
M.J. Griffin ◽  
S.P. Redpath ◽  
A. Chhagan ◽  
...  

Codling moth (CM Cydia pomonella) is a pest of quarantine concern on apple exports to Asian markets Apples exported to Japan must be fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) and then cold stored Ethyl formate (EF) as an alternative to MB is effective against a range of pests This project investigated the effectiveness of EF to control an internal pest such as CM by determining the responses of key insect stages without fruit and inside apples Trials without fruit in a 2 h fumigation showed that latestage CM eggs and third instar CM larvae were the most tolerant life stages requiring a mean concentration of 134194 EF to achieve 99 mortality but 100 mortality of 4th/5th instar CM larvae Trials with CM in fruit in a 2 h fumigation showed that 113 EF resulted in 534 mortality of 4th/5th CM larvae inside apples Increasing the mean concentration to 24 EF increased the mortality of 4th/5th larvae inside apples to 852


2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
K.G. Somerfield ◽  
B.L. Bycroft ◽  
D.W. Brash ◽  
J.N. Clark ◽  
D.I. Hedderley ◽  
...  

Pine (Pinus radiata D Don) logs exported from New Zealand must undergo fumigation to ensure they are free of phytosanitary insects to meet the requirements of importing countries The goldenhaired bark beetle Hylurgus ligniperda (F) is one of the major hitchhiker species that can infest New Zealand pine logs Adults and larvae can be present in the bark and cambium layer of freshly cut logs To examine ways of reducing rates of methyl bromide fumigation diet containing both life stages (extracted from pine logs) was exposed to 0 49 or 73 g/m3 methyl bromide for 16 h in 28litre fumigation chambers at 5 10 15 or 20C Both the 49 g/m3 and 73 g/m3 methyl bromide exposures resulted in 100 mortality at all temperatures Average mortality among controls was larvae 7 adults 23 The results indicate that the present methyl bromide fumigation rates used for pine logs exported from New Zealand could be reduced


2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
N.E.M Page-Weir ◽  
A Chhagan ◽  
D.W. Brash ◽  
D. Klementz ◽  
...  

Global use of phosphine as a fumigant has increased in response to the need to replace methyl bromide and with the improved formulations ECO2FUME and VAPORPH3OS Phosphine is registered as a postharvest fumigant on kiwifruit in New Zealand and has been used commercially to reduce the risk of detecting live pests Scale insects mealybugs and diapausing twospotted spider mites were exposed to a range of phosphine treatments A 48h low temperature (1746C) fumigation (64083311 ppm) achieved 100 mortality of all life stages of oleander scale insects while a 12h exposure killed all longtailed mealybug life stages A 36h low temperature (2533C) fumigation (43322712 ppm) treatment achieved 100 mortality of all greedy scale insect life stages A 48 to 96h treatment (36001200 ppm) at 115C caused 913100 mortality of diapausing twospotted spider mite adults Use of phosphine as a commercial treatment for kiwifruit is discussed


2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
C. Casta?? ◽  
M-C Nielsen ◽  
A.M. El-Sayed ◽  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
...  

Two glasshouse trials in a capsicum crop near Warkworth New Zealand in January 2011 and two field trials in a nectarine orchard near Lleida Spain in July 2013 were undertaken to determine if trap capture of Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips WFT) and Thrips tabaci (onion thrips OT) could be increased by alternative volatile compounds beyond the known thrips attractant methyl isonicotinate (MI) On blue sticky board traps in the crop in New Zealand none of six alternative compounds tested caught more thrips (mostly WFT OT and two other species) than the Control traps In contrast to MI catches with the alternative lures were mostly significantly lower For both trials in the orchard in Spain using white water traps the highest numbers of WFT and OT were caught higher than most of the nine alternative odour compounds tested


2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Clare ◽  
E.M. George

The goldenhaired bark beetle Hylurgus ligniperda (Coleoptera Scolytidae) is an insect of quarantine concern associated with Pinus radiata in New Zealand Exported logs are fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) before departure or on arrival Research is under way to find alternatives to MB for logs and to manage emissions This research requires large numbers of all stages of H ligniperda to identify effective treatments The study reports the first laboratory method for rearing large numbers of all life stages of H ligniperda A novel oviposition device enabled efficient egg collection Larvae were reared from eggs inoculated directly into artificial diet Life cycle data were obtained for all the developmental stages of H ligniperda Six continuous generations were produced with each generation taking a minimum of 72 days Females laid an average of 30919 eggs each Almost 70 of the eggs formed adults via four larval instars and a pupal stage


2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Najar-Rodriguez ◽  
M.K.D. Hall ◽  
A.R. Adlam ◽  
A.J. Hall ◽  
S.B. Burgess ◽  
...  

Ethanedinitrile (EDN) has been identified as a possible alternative fumigant to methyl bromide (MB) as a phytosanitary treatment for New Zealand export logs A review of MB phytosanitary schedules has indicated that the treatment rates used in New Zealand may be able to be significantly reduced The toxicity of EDN was compared in the laboratory to that of reduced rates of MB using different life stages of the burnt pine longhorn beetle Arhopalus ferus Naked insects were fumigated with MB at 10C and 20C for 4 h or with EDN at the same temperatures for 3 h The mortalities achieved and the CT products calculated indicate that (1) a reduction in MB usage may be possible for the treatment of logs exported from New Zealand and that (2) EDN has potential as a phytosanitary alternative to MB for the treatment of logs


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