scholarly journals The relationship between Epiphyas postvittana (lightbrown apple moth, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in pipfruit orchards and adjacent vineyards in Nelson

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
P.W. Shaw ◽  
D.R. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Epiphyas Postvittana ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

The lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) is the most abundant leafroller species infesting apple orchards and vineyards in the Nelson region. This study was undertaken to investigate concerns from some orchardists of leafroller pressure on their apple blocks adjacent to neighbouring vineyards. Lightbrown apple moth pheromone trap catches were recorded inside orchards and in neighbouring vineyards and in boundary rows of the orchards closest to a vineyard during 2012—13. The vineyards were not treated with insecticide and the orchards received ve applications of insecticide between November and mid- March to control lepidopteran pests. The highest catches of leafrollers were recorded in vineyards and catches increased during the season to peak in April. The increasing leafroller population in vineyards was associated with higher catches of leafrollers in boundary rows of the orchard closest to the vineyard. Leafroller catches inside the orchards were lower while insecticide sprays were being applied. The higher pheromone trap catches of leafrollers in the vineyards and on the orchard boundary were associated with the most leafroller sign that was found in these locations during timed searches. These results suggest that high populations of leafrollers in vineyards can increase leafroller pressure on nearby pipfruit orchards.

Effects of pheromone loading, dispenser age, and trap height on pheromone trap catches of the oriental fruit moth in apple orchards

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orkun B. Kovanci ◽  
Coby Schal ◽  
F. Walgenbach ◽  
George G. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Trap Height ◽  
Trap Catches

Temporal and spatial patterns in pheromone-trap catches of Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in cotton-growing areas of Australia

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Fitt ◽  
M. P. Zalucki ◽  
P. Twine
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Environmental Stochasticity ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Taylor’S Power Law ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Taylor's Power Law ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and H. punctigera (Wallengren) are major pests of cotton and other field crops in Australia. Using data on then abundance of males in pheromone traps at many sites over three seasons, the spatial and temporal variation in trap catch of both species were examined using Taylor's power law and spatial autocorrelation. The distribution of both species was highly clumped, both temporally and spatially. Regression Coefficients for the relationship of spatial mean to variance (bs) were similar to those for noctuids in general, while similarly derived temporal values (bt) for H. armigera fell towards the upper end of the noctuid range and those for H. punctigera well above the range given by Taylor & Woiwood (1980). Taylor and colleagues suggested that patterns of dispersion are species-specific and that they reflect density-dependent patterns of movement towards and away from centres of abundance. Although the relationship between variance and mean abundance for both spatial and temporal aspects of trap catches of Helicoverpa is well fitted by Taylor's power law, it is argued that these patterns of dispersion are a consequence of demographic and environmental stochasticity. Little need is to invoke specific density-dependent behaviours as the major factor responsible in this case. In addition, while Taylor's power law indicated both species had a similar clumped distribution, limited autocorrelation analysis suggested a random dispersion of pheromone-trap catches for H. armigera and small scale patchiness (over distances of 1–2 km) in trap catches of H. punctigera.

Effects of sulfur on Trichogramma egg parasitoids in vineyards: measuring toxic effects and establishing release windows

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Thomson ◽  
D. C. Glenn ◽  
A. A. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Epiphyas Postvittana ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth ◽  
The Impact

Trichogramma parasitoids are a commonly released biological control agent against Lepidopteran pests. In vineyards in south-eastern Australia, Trichogramma carverae is released to control lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana), a pest of grapevines. Sulfur is also sprayed on the vines to control powdery mildew and mites. Our experiments aimed to assess the potential impact of sulfur use on released and resident Trichogramma species (T. carverae, T. funiculatum) and to devise a protocol to maximise the potential of Trichogramma and optimally integrate the use of chemicals with biocontrol. Laboratory and field studies indicate that sulfur is harmful to adults and to immature stages contained within hosts where it increases mortality and reduces fitness of the emerged wasps. Persistence trials showed that release of Trichogramma 6 days after sulfur spraying will reduce the effects on released organisms. To reduce the impact on resident Trichogramma, other chemicals will need to be used.

scholarly journals Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) mating disruption outcomes in apple orchards

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
P.L. Lo ◽  
R.M. Horner ◽  
N.M. Park ◽  
J.G. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

New Zealand apple growers need to produce crops that satisfy conflicting export market requirements Some markets want pestfree fruit while others demand residuefree fruit Pheromone mating disruption combined with the judicious use of insecticides enables crops to meet both demands This study in 14 Hawkes Bay apple orchards showed that seasonal pheromone trap catch was reduced by 70 from 401 codling moths/trap in the season before mating disruption was introduced to 117 moths/trap over the subsequent five seasons In the same period insecticide use reduced from 59 applications/season in 2006 07 to 23 in 200708 and 37 since 200809 The incidence of larvae in fruit where mating disruption operated averaged 001 which was lower than in orchards using insecticides only Damage increased from 200809 with greater reliance on codling moth granulosis virus over residual insecticides Nevertheless mating disruption with 34 insecticide sprays controlled codling moth to the high standard needed

scholarly journals PHENOLOGY OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) IN NEW YORK STATE APPLE ORCHARDS,

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane L. Mague ◽  
W. Harvey Reissig
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractPheromone trapping studies from 1979 to 1981 showed that there were two periods of San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), male flight activity annually in western New York apple orchards. Spring flight, which resulted from overwintering black caps, began at ca. 94–140 degree-days (base 10 °C from 1 March) and occurred during bloom in the apple varieties studied. First generation crawlers emerged at ca. 360 degree-days. Second generation crawlers emerged at ca. 890 degree-days and were active throughout September. Regression analyses showed a logistic relationship between crawler density and fruit infestation, and inverse linear relationships between pheromone trap catches and San Jose scale infestation levels within trees.

scholarly journals Development of multiple species mating disruption to control codling moth and leafrollers (Lepidoptera Tortricidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Lo ◽  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
R.M. Horner ◽  
D.I. Hedderley
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and leafrollers principally lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) are key pests of apples Pheromone mating disruption has until now required separate dispensers to be deployed for each pest group With 6001000 dispensers per ha for each species application costs are a significant factor limiting the wider adoption of multispecies mating disruption in New Zealand apple orchards The aim was to integrate the two disruption systems into a single dispenser and evaluate its performance against that of separate dispensers in paired block comparisons on four apple orchards The three measures of effectiveness pheromone trap catch suppression of moth mating and fruit damage at harvest all showed no statistical differences between the two treatments The performance of the new combination pheromone dispenser was equivalent to that when the two dispensers were deployed separately

scholarly journals A potential mating disruption system for three New Zealand leafroller species

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 398-398
Author(s):  
L.M. Cole ◽  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
A.M. El-Sayed ◽  
P.L. Lo ◽  
N. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Pheromone Blend

A dispenser incorporating a pheromone blend to disrupt three species of New Zealand leafrollers was developed for their control in Otago summerfruit orchards This control system was evaluated for suppression of leafroller activity in Hawkes Bay apple and summerfruit orchards over 2 years In 20078 dispensers were applied at 6001000/ha in two large organic apple orchards and activity of all three species in pheromone traps was recorded Dispensers achieved only 738 and 61 shutdown of lightbrown apple moth pheromone traps in Orchards A and B respectively Dispensers were modified to increase disruption of this species and were evaluated in similar trials on the same orchards in 20089 and achieved 984 and 909 trap shutdown respectively The same dispenser was also evaluated on four summerfruit orchards where it was applied to 1 ha plots in January 2009 at 1000 dispensers/ha Pheromone trap catches of lightbrown apple moth were reduced by 833100 over the following 3 months Further assessment of this multiple species mating disruption system is required to determine its value in managing the fruit damage and larval infestation risks to meet export market tolerances

scholarly journals Multiple species mating disruption of leafrollers in cherries in Central Otago

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
G.F. McLaren ◽  
D.M. Suckling ◽  
A.M. El-Sayed ◽  
B.T. Hislop ◽  
T.F.S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Epiphyas Postvittana ◽  
Pheromone Dispenser ◽  
Light Brown Apple Moth ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Cherry Orchard ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Planotortrix Octo

Mating disruption for leafrollers has been conducted on a commercial scale using a single multispecies pheromone dispenser on contiguous blocks of cherries in Central Otago for 4 years Pheromone trap and packhouse results were collected from isolated untreated (654 ha) and pheromonetreated cherry orchard areas (764 ha) in the Cromwell district In untreated cherry orchards catches of light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) were exceptionally high (38 males/trap/day) with lower catches of Planotortrix octo (025 males/ trap/day) Catches of both species were strongly disrupted in the treated areas reducing E postvittana to 00036 moths/trap/day and P octo to nil Trap catches of both species have increased steadily over 5 years (2008/09 to 20012/13) in blocks not using mating disruption Packhouse results showed that all of the fruit inspected from both treated and untreated areas were free of leafroller infestations in 2012/13 Insecticide use in the pheromonetreated areas was reduced by one application compared with the areas without pheromone

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