scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Ilyonectria pseudodestructans propagules to grapevine rootstocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chantal M. Probst ◽  
Hayley J. Ridgway ◽  
Marlene V. Jaspers ◽  
E. Eirian Jones
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease ◽  
Infected Grapevine ◽  
Propagation Material

Black foot disease of grapevines is a major economic issue for the viticulture industry, with several Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria species identified as causal agents worldwide. This study aimed to confirm the pathogenicity of an Ilyonectria pseudodestructans isolate recovered from a symptomatic grapevine in a nationwide survey. An initial pot experiment inoculated callused and root-wounded grapevine propagation material of varieties ‘101- 14’ and ‘5C’ with I. pseudodestructans conidia. The second pot experiment compared the pathogenicity of I. pseudodestructans conidial, chlamydospore and mycelial inocula. Disease incidence, severity and root and shoot dry weights were determined after 4–5 months of growth. Ilyonectria pseudodestructans was recovered from inoculated plants resulting in higher disease incidence and severity compared with the uninoculated control. Disease severity and incidence was higher for callused compared to rooted propagation material, but did not differ between grapevine varieties. Conidial inoculum caused greater disease incidence and severity compared with chlamydospore and mycelial inocula. Ilyonectria pseudodestructans propagules infected grapevine plant material via the callused basal ends or wounded roots, indicating this species is a potentially important pathogen of grapevines both in nurseries and vineyards.

scholarly journals The relative susceptibility of grapevine rootstocks to black foot disease is dependent on inoculum pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Carolyn Bleach ◽  
Hayley J. Ridgway ◽  
Marlene V. Jaspers ◽  
E. Eirian Jones
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Inoculation Treatment ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease ◽  
Inoculum Pressure

Black foot disease of grapevines is a major economic issue for the viticulture industry worldwide. The disease is mainly associated with a complex of pathogen species within the genera Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria. The susceptibility of six grapevine rootstock cultivars to black foot disease under field conditions was assessed. Callused rootstocks of 101-14, 5C, 420A, Riparia Gloire, Schwarzmann and 3309C were planted into soil containing low natural pathogen populations or inoculated with isolates representing the species diversity in New Zealand. Disease incidence, disease severity and dry weight accumulation were assessed after 8 months of growth. Root and shoot dry weights were not significantly affected by inoculation treatment, but differed among rootstock cultivars, with cultivar 420A having the lowest root and shoot dry weight, cultivar 3309C having the largest shoot dry weight and cultivar 5C the largest root dry weight. The relative susceptibility of rootstocks differed significantly depending on whether they were grown under low natural inoculum pressure or a higher pressure in artificially inoculated soil. Schwarzmann and Riparia Gloire rootstock cultivars were the least susceptible under natural low inoculum pressure, but were the most susceptible in inoculated soil. In contrast, 5C was one of the most susceptible under low inoculum levels but was the least susceptible under high pathogen pressure. The result of the study indicate that black foot pathogen inoculum levels in soil affect the relative susceptibility of grapevine rootstocks to infection, and may have implications for the selection of rootstocks for planting.

scholarly journals First Report of Black Foot Disease of Grapevine Caused by Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum in Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Auger ◽  
M. Esterio ◽  
I. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

Black foot disease, caused by Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum Halleen, Schroers & Crous, is reported damaging table and wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) for the first time in Chile. During the summer of 2006, 2- to 5-year-old grapevines showed reduced vigor, shortened internodes, and drying and dying shoots along with abnormal development of roots with growth parallel to the soil surface, necrotic root crowns, and development of secondary roots. Internal necrosis extended from the bark to the pith in diseased parts of the plants. Other symptoms included black discoloration of the wood, gum inclusions in xylem vessels, black streaks in the vascular tissue, and reduction in root biomass, with sunken, necrotic root lesions. Eighteen Cylindrocarpon isolates were collected from roots, vascular elements, and pith tissue of grapevines cultivars (Flame Seedless, Red Globe, Thompson Seedless, Merlot, Carmenere, and Cabernet Sauvignon) from 12 locations in Chile. The isolates were identified on the basis of morphological features. All isolates produced micro- and macroconidia (one to three septa) and chlamydospores in short and intercalary chains (1,4), and by internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5,8S-ITS4) rDNA and β -tubulin (BT1, and BT2) partial sequences, identical to those of C. macrodidymum (isolate USS074, GenBank Accession No. AY 997558 and isolate USSO150, GenBank Accession No. AY 997598) (2). Phylogenetic analyses placed these isolates in a clade closely related, but clearly distinct from other clades, to C. destructans and C. liriodendri (2,3). Pathogenicity tests were completed by drench inoculation onto 50 6-month-old rooted cuttings of ‘Red Globe’ with 25 ml of conidia suspension (106 conidia ml-1) obtained from four isolates. Ten control cuttings of ‘Red Globe’ were inoculated with an equal volume of sterile distilled water. The plants were incubated for 4 months in a controlled environment facility at 24°C. All isolates tested were pathogenic. In addition, they caused significant root rot (t-test of disease incidence, P = 0.0048) and no significant level of variation was detected between different isolates. C. macrodidymum was reisolated from the region of brown streaking in all the inoculated cuttings and was not isolated from the water-treated controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. macrodidymum causing black foot disease on grapevine in Chile. References: (1) C. D. Booth. Mycol. Pap. (CMI) 104:1, 1966. (2) F. Halleen et al. Stud. Mycol. 50:431, 2004. (3) F. R. Mantiri et al. Can. J. Bot. 79:334, 2001. (4) E. Petit and W. D. Gubler. Plant Dis. 89:1051, 2005.

scholarly journals Biofumigation with Brassica spp for the control of cylindrocarpon black foot disease of grapevines

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 396-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Bleach ◽  
E.E. Jones ◽  
M.V. Jaspers
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Mustard Meal ◽  
Soil Release ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

Green crops of Brassica species incorporated into the soil release volatile isothiocyanates which are known to suppress pathogenic fungal species Firstly crops of mustard (Brassica juncea) rape (B napus) and oats (Avena sativa) were grown for 5 weeks in a vineyard site previously infested with Cylindrocarpon spp The crops were cultivated into the soil and the area covered with polythene After 2 weeks callused cuttings of rootstock 101104 and 5C were grown for 9 months and infection assessed Disease incidence in rootstocks 10114 and 5C was reduced in the mustard treatment by 11 and 43 respectively The following year the site was inoculated with Cylindrocarpon spp grown on wheat grains The second experiment used three mustard treatments mustard meal cultivated into the soil (Trt 1) mustard grown once to flowering with cultivation (Trt 2) and mustard grown twice to flowering with cultivation each time (Trt 3) In rootstock 5C disease incidence was reduced in all treatments by more that 41 and in rootstock 10114 disease incidence was reduced in Trt 1 and 3 by 30 and 18 respectively These findings suggest that biofumigation using mustard may be a highly effective method for the control of Cylindrocarpon black foot disease

scholarly journals Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria Species Causing Black Foot Disease of Andean Blackberry (Rubus Glaucus Benth) in Ecuador

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Sánchez ◽  
Paola Iturralde ◽  
Alma Koch ◽  
Cristina Tello ◽  
Dennis Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Dactylonectria Torresensis ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) plants from the provinces of Tungurahua and Bolivar (Ecuador) started showing symptoms of black foot disease since 2010. Wilted plants were sampled in both provinces from 2014 to 2017, and fungal isolates were obtained from tissues surrounding necrotic lesions in the cortex of the roots and crown. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing of histone 3 and the translation elongation factor 1α gene, isolates were identified as one of seven species, Ilyonectria vredehoekensis, Ilyonectria robusta, Ilyonectria venezuelensis, Ilyonectria europaea, Dactylonectria torresensis, or Dactylonectria novozelandica. Pathogenicity tests with isolates from each species, excluding I. europaea and D. novozelandica whose isolates were lost due to contamination, confirmed that the four species tested can produce black foot disease symptoms in Andean blackberry. This is the first report of Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria species causing black foot disease of Andean blackberry.

The NAT2* slow acetylator genotype is associated with bladder cancer in Taiwanese, but not in the Black Foot Disease endemic area population

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jenny Su ◽  
Yueliang Leon Guo ◽  
Ming-Derg Lai ◽  
Jin-ding Huang ◽  
Yawen Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Slow Acetylator ◽  
Acetylator Genotype ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

Characterization ofCylindrocarpon liriodendriAssociated with Black Foot Disease of Grapevine in Iran

2009 ◽  
Vol 157 (10) ◽  
pp. 642-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Mohammadi ◽  
Sandra Alaniz ◽  
Zia Banihashemi ◽  
Josep Armengol
Keyword(s):  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

scholarly journals Influence of Glomus intraradices on Black Foot Disease Caused by Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum on Vitis rupestris Under Controlled Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1481-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Petit ◽  
Walter Douglas Gubler
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Vitis Rupestris ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

We examined the influence of an arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices (INVAM CA 501), on black foot disease caused by the fungus Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum on Vitis rupestris cv. St. George under controlled conditions. Mycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal grape rootings were inoculated with the pathogen. Eight months following inoculation with the pathogen, we evaluated disease severity, vine growth, and mycorrhizal colonization. Mycorrhizal plants developed significantly less leaf and root symptoms than nonmycorrhizal plants (P = 0.04 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Only nonmycorrhizal grape rootings inoculated with the pathogen had significantly less dry root and leaf weights compared with the noninoculated control (P = 0.0021 and P = 0.0017, respectively). Mycorrhizal colonization was high (48.3% for the noninfected control and 54.5% for plants infected with C. macrodidymum) and not significantly affected by inoculation with C. macrodidymum (P = 0.2256). Thus, V. rupestris preinoculated with G. intraradices were less susceptible to black foot disease than nonmycorrhizal plants. Results from this study suggest that preplant applications of G. intraradices may help prevent black foot disease in the nursery and in the vineyard.

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