The relative susceptibility of grapevine rootstocks to black foot disease is dependent on inoculum pressure

Black foot disease of grapevines is a major economic issue for the viticulture industry worldwide. The disease is mainly associated with a complex of pathogen species within the genera Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria. The susceptibility of six grapevine rootstock cultivars to black foot disease under field conditions was assessed. Callused rootstocks of 101-14, 5C, 420A, Riparia Gloire, Schwarzmann and 3309C were planted into soil containing low natural pathogen populations or inoculated with isolates representing the species diversity in New Zealand. Disease incidence, disease severity and dry weight accumulation were assessed after 8 months of growth. Root and shoot dry weights were not significantly affected by inoculation treatment, but differed among rootstock cultivars, with cultivar 420A having the lowest root and shoot dry weight, cultivar 3309C having the largest shoot dry weight and cultivar 5C the largest root dry weight. The relative susceptibility of rootstocks differed significantly depending on whether they were grown under low natural inoculum pressure or a higher pressure in artificially inoculated soil. Schwarzmann and Riparia Gloire rootstock cultivars were the least susceptible under natural low inoculum pressure, but were the most susceptible in inoculated soil. In contrast, 5C was one of the most susceptible under low inoculum levels but was the least susceptible under high pathogen pressure. The result of the study indicate that black foot pathogen inoculum levels in soil affect the relative susceptibility of grapevine rootstocks to infection, and may have implications for the selection of rootstocks for planting.

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Susceptibility of four grapevine rootstocks to Cylindrocladiella parva

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2013.66.5675 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 ◽

pp. 249-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D.S. Brown ◽

M.V. Jaspers ◽

H.J. Ridgway ◽

C.J. Barclay ◽

E.E. Jones

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Conidial Suspension ◽

Sterile Water ◽

Rooted Cuttings ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Foot Disease ◽

Black Foot ◽

Black Foot Disease

The susceptibility of four common grapevine rootstocks (10114 Schwarzmann 5C and Riparia Gloire) to Cylindrocladiella parva (black foot disease) infection was assessed in a pot experiment The roots of 4monthold callused rooted cuttings were wounded in situ and inoculated with 50 ml C parva conidial suspension (106/ml) or sterile water (controls) After 6 months of growth shoot dry weight was significantly higher for control plants (242 g) than for those inoculated with C parva (165 g) but did not differ between rootstock varieties Root dry weight was not significantly affected by C parva inoculation but root dry weight of 10114 was significantly higher than other rootstocks Incidence and severity of trunk infection were significantly affected by rootstock variety being lowest in rootstock 10114 plants than other rootstocks None of the rootstocks tested was resistant to this pathogen

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Pathogenicity of Ilyonectria pseudodestructans propagules to grapevine rootstocks

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2019.72.314 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Chantal M. Probst ◽

Hayley J. Ridgway ◽

Marlene V. Jaspers ◽

E. Eirian Jones

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Nationwide Survey ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Uninoculated Control ◽

Foot Disease ◽

Control Disease ◽

Black Foot ◽

Black Foot Disease ◽

Infected Grapevine ◽

Propagation Material

Black foot disease of grapevines is a major economic issue for the viticulture industry, with several Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria species identified as causal agents worldwide. This study aimed to confirm the pathogenicity of an Ilyonectria pseudodestructans isolate recovered from a symptomatic grapevine in a nationwide survey. An initial pot experiment inoculated callused and root-wounded grapevine propagation material of varieties ‘101- 14’ and ‘5C’ with I. pseudodestructans conidia. The second pot experiment compared the pathogenicity of I. pseudodestructans conidial, chlamydospore and mycelial inocula. Disease incidence, severity and root and shoot dry weights were determined after 4–5 months of growth. Ilyonectria pseudodestructans was recovered from inoculated plants resulting in higher disease incidence and severity compared with the uninoculated control. Disease severity and incidence was higher for callused compared to rooted propagation material, but did not differ between grapevine varieties. Conidial inoculum caused greater disease incidence and severity compared with chlamydospore and mycelial inocula. Ilyonectria pseudodestructans propagules infected grapevine plant material via the callused basal ends or wounded roots, indicating this species is a potentially important pathogen of grapevines both in nurseries and vineyards.

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First Report of Black Foot Disease of Grapevine Caused by Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum in Chile

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-4-0470a ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 470-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. Auger ◽

M. Esterio ◽

I. Pérez

Keyword(s):

Vascular Tissue ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Abnormal Development ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

First Report ◽

Vascular Elements ◽

Foot Disease ◽

Black Foot ◽

Black Foot Disease

Black foot disease, caused by Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum Halleen, Schroers & Crous, is reported damaging table and wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) for the first time in Chile. During the summer of 2006, 2- to 5-year-old grapevines showed reduced vigor, shortened internodes, and drying and dying shoots along with abnormal development of roots with growth parallel to the soil surface, necrotic root crowns, and development of secondary roots. Internal necrosis extended from the bark to the pith in diseased parts of the plants. Other symptoms included black discoloration of the wood, gum inclusions in xylem vessels, black streaks in the vascular tissue, and reduction in root biomass, with sunken, necrotic root lesions. Eighteen Cylindrocarpon isolates were collected from roots, vascular elements, and pith tissue of grapevines cultivars (Flame Seedless, Red Globe, Thompson Seedless, Merlot, Carmenere, and Cabernet Sauvignon) from 12 locations in Chile. The isolates were identified on the basis of morphological features. All isolates produced micro- and macroconidia (one to three septa) and chlamydospores in short and intercalary chains (1,4), and by internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5,8S-ITS4) rDNA and β -tubulin (BT1, and BT2) partial sequences, identical to those of C. macrodidymum (isolate USS074, GenBank Accession No. AY 997558 and isolate USSO150, GenBank Accession No. AY 997598) (2). Phylogenetic analyses placed these isolates in a clade closely related, but clearly distinct from other clades, to C. destructans and C. liriodendri (2,3). Pathogenicity tests were completed by drench inoculation onto 50 6-month-old rooted cuttings of ‘Red Globe’ with 25 ml of conidia suspension (106 conidia ml-1) obtained from four isolates. Ten control cuttings of ‘Red Globe’ were inoculated with an equal volume of sterile distilled water. The plants were incubated for 4 months in a controlled environment facility at 24°C. All isolates tested were pathogenic. In addition, they caused significant root rot (t-test of disease incidence, P = 0.0048) and no significant level of variation was detected between different isolates. C. macrodidymum was reisolated from the region of brown streaking in all the inoculated cuttings and was not isolated from the water-treated controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. macrodidymum causing black foot disease on grapevine in Chile. References: (1) C. D. Booth. Mycol. Pap. (CMI) 104:1, 1966. (2) F. Halleen et al. Stud. Mycol. 50:431, 2004. (3) F. R. Mantiri et al. Can. J. Bot. 79:334, 2001. (4) E. Petit and W. D. Gubler. Plant Dis. 89:1051, 2005.

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Biofumigation with Brassica spp for the control of cylindrocarpon black foot disease of grapevines

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4833 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 396-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C.M. Bleach ◽

E.E. Jones ◽

M.V. Jaspers

Keyword(s):

Avena Sativa ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Brassica Species ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Wheat Grains ◽

Mustard Meal ◽

Soil Release ◽

Foot Disease ◽

Black Foot ◽

Black Foot Disease

Green crops of Brassica species incorporated into the soil release volatile isothiocyanates which are known to suppress pathogenic fungal species Firstly crops of mustard (Brassica juncea) rape (B napus) and oats (Avena sativa) were grown for 5 weeks in a vineyard site previously infested with Cylindrocarpon spp The crops were cultivated into the soil and the area covered with polythene After 2 weeks callused cuttings of rootstock 101104 and 5C were grown for 9 months and infection assessed Disease incidence in rootstocks 10114 and 5C was reduced in the mustard treatment by 11 and 43 respectively The following year the site was inoculated with Cylindrocarpon spp grown on wheat grains The second experiment used three mustard treatments mustard meal cultivated into the soil (Trt 1) mustard grown once to flowering with cultivation (Trt 2) and mustard grown twice to flowering with cultivation each time (Trt 3) In rootstock 5C disease incidence was reduced in all treatments by more that 41 and in rootstock 10114 disease incidence was reduced in Trt 1 and 3 by 30 and 18 respectively These findings suggest that biofumigation using mustard may be a highly effective method for the control of Cylindrocarpon black foot disease

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Efektivitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Indigenous Terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Pucuk Gosale (Syzygium Malaccense (L.) Merr & L.M Perry)

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.9.3.211-216 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 211-216

Author(s):

Steffani Silferansti Tak ◽

Irdika Mansur ◽

Prijanto Pamungkas

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Seedling Quality ◽

New Production ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Local Plant ◽

Height Increase ◽

Inoculation Treatment ◽

Amf Inoculation

Gosale (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry) that belongs to the Myrtaceae family is one of the leading local plant species grown in Halmahera, North Maluku. Some problems in gosale breeding such as limited seed availability, low seed production due to seasonal fruiting and the nature of seeds that can not be stored for a long period (recalcitrant), suggest an alternative new production technique through a vegetative propagation (shoot cutting). Moreover, Improved seedling quality can be attempted by AMF inoculation, in which AMF at shoot cuttings play a role in initiating the formation of adventive roots. This study was conducted for 9 months using completely randomized design (CRD) with indigenous AMF inoculation treatment. The results showed that gosale cuttings that planted with indigenous AMF inoculation were effective at all observed variables. Inoculum AMF inoculated without the addition of host plant Pueria javanica at gosale shoot cuttings suggested the best treatment. The treatment of inoculum AMF from Kusumadehe (M1) obtained the best result in the variable of plant height increase, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root, root shoot ratio), and seedling quality index. While the treatment of Inoculum AMF from Soakonora revealed the highest result in the variable of plant diameter increase and AMF colonization.Keywords: gosale, shoot cuttings, AMF, Pueraria javanica, West Halmahera

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Aggressiveness of Ilyonectria spp. and “Cylindrocarpon” pauciseptatum associated with black foot disease of grapevine

Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias - Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.5039/agraria.v10i1a4701 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 49-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.F. Santos ◽

M.R. Durigon ◽

E. Blume

Keyword(s):

Foot Disease ◽

Black Foot ◽

Black Foot Disease

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Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria Species Causing Black Foot Disease of Andean Blackberry (Rubus Glaucus Benth) in Ecuador

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d11110218 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 218 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jessica Sánchez ◽

Paola Iturralde ◽

Alma Koch ◽

Cristina Tello ◽

Dennis Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Histone 3 ◽

Dactylonectria Torresensis ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Foot Disease ◽

Black Foot ◽

Black Foot Disease

Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) plants from the provinces of Tungurahua and Bolivar (Ecuador) started showing symptoms of black foot disease since 2010. Wilted plants were sampled in both provinces from 2014 to 2017, and fungal isolates were obtained from tissues surrounding necrotic lesions in the cortex of the roots and crown. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing of histone 3 and the translation elongation factor 1α gene, isolates were identified as one of seven species, Ilyonectria vredehoekensis, Ilyonectria robusta, Ilyonectria venezuelensis, Ilyonectria europaea, Dactylonectria torresensis, or Dactylonectria novozelandica. Pathogenicity tests with isolates from each species, excluding I. europaea and D. novozelandica whose isolates were lost due to contamination, confirmed that the four species tested can produce black foot disease symptoms in Andean blackberry. This is the first report of Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria species causing black foot disease of Andean blackberry.

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