scholarly journals Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria Species Causing Black Foot Disease of Andean Blackberry (Rubus Glaucus Benth) in Ecuador

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Sánchez ◽  
Paola Iturralde ◽  
Alma Koch ◽  
Cristina Tello ◽  
Dennis Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Dactylonectria Torresensis ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) plants from the provinces of Tungurahua and Bolivar (Ecuador) started showing symptoms of black foot disease since 2010. Wilted plants were sampled in both provinces from 2014 to 2017, and fungal isolates were obtained from tissues surrounding necrotic lesions in the cortex of the roots and crown. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing of histone 3 and the translation elongation factor 1α gene, isolates were identified as one of seven species, Ilyonectria vredehoekensis, Ilyonectria robusta, Ilyonectria venezuelensis, Ilyonectria europaea, Dactylonectria torresensis, or Dactylonectria novozelandica. Pathogenicity tests with isolates from each species, excluding I. europaea and D. novozelandica whose isolates were lost due to contamination, confirmed that the four species tested can produce black foot disease symptoms in Andean blackberry. This is the first report of Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria species causing black foot disease of Andean blackberry.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Vineyard Weeds as Potential Hosts of Black-Foot and Petri Disease Pathogens

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Agustí-Brisach ◽  
D. Gramaje ◽  
M. León ◽  
J. García-Jiménez ◽  
J. Armengol
Keyword(s):  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Petri Disease ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

Weeds were sampled in grapevine rootstock mother fields, open-root field nurseries, and commercial vineyards of Albacete, Alicante, Castellón, Murcia, and Valencia provinces in Spain between June 2009 and June 2010 and evaluated as potential hosts of black-foot and Petri disease pathogens. Isolations were conducted in the root system and internal xylem tissues for black-foot and Petri disease pathogens, respectively. Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum was successfully isolated from the roots of 15 of 19 weed families evaluated and 26 of 52 weed species. Regarding Petri disease pathogens, one isolate of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora was obtained from Convolvulus arvensis, and three isolates of Cadophora luteo-olivacea were obtained from Bidens subalternans, Plantago coronopus, and Sonchus oleraceus. Pathogenicity tests showed that Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum isolates obtained from weeds were able to induce typical black-foot disease symptoms. When inoculated in grapevines, isolates of Cadophora luteo-olivacea and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were also shown to be pathogenic on grapevine cuttings. Our ability to recover grapevine pathogens from vineyard weeds and to demonstrate pathogenicity of recovered strains on grape suggests that these weeds may serve as a source of inoculum for infection of grapevine.

scholarly journals Characterization of Cylindrocarpon Species Associated with Black Foot Disease of Grapevine in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 1187-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alaniz ◽  
M. León ◽  
A. Vicent ◽  
J. García-Jiménez ◽  
P. Abad-Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Marker ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Bt Gene ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

In this work, 82 Cylindrocarpon isolates associated with black foot disease of grapevines in Spain were studied by means of phenotypical characterization, DNA analyses, and pathogenicity tests. Partial sequences of the beta-tubulin (BT) gene, BT1, were amplified using primers BT1a and BT1b. A unique and conserved 52-bp insertion in the BT1 sequence, which is a specific marker for C. macrodidymum, was found in 56 of the isolates. The rest of the isolates (26) were identified as C. liriodendri. The BT phylogeny grouped all the isolates of each species into two well-supported clades. Phenotypical data were subjected to multivariate factorial analysis. According to this study, the isolates were clearly separated into two groups which were in agreement with BT species identification. C. macrodidymum isolates were differentiated from C. liriodendri by producing fewer conidia, presenting longer and wider macroconidia, and lower growth rate at 5 and 10°C. Selected isolates of each species inoculated onto rooted cuttings of grapevine rootstock cv. 110 R caused typical black foot disease symptoms. This is the first report of C. liriodendri and C. macrodidymum causing black foot disease of grapevines in Spain.

scholarly journals First Report of Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum Associated with Black Foot Diseases of Grapevine in Turkey

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 762-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Özben ◽  
F. Demirci ◽  
K. Değirmenci ◽  
S. Uzunok
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
First Report ◽  
Foot Diseases ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Water Plants ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

Grape (Vitis vinifera) is widely planted and is an economically important crop in Turkey for domestic consumption and export. Black foot disease, caused by Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum Halleen, Schroers & Crous, is a recently identified but worsening problem in vineyards worldwide (3,4). Symptomatic grapevines show reduced vigor, shortened internodes, small leaves with interveinal chlorosis, and necrosis frequently leading to the death of the plants (1). Roots of symptomatic grapevines exhibit black, sunken, necrotic lesions with a reduction in root biomass. Pith of affected vines is discolored (4). During the summers of 2009 and 2010, a survey was carried out in 63 vineyards (4 to 15 years old) in six locations of Ankara Province. We collected 44 samples from roots and crowns of grapevines exhibiting black foot symptoms. In cross section, extensive necrosis at the base of the trunk and brown-black spots in xylem vessels were observed, resembling those previously reported for black foot disease (2,4). Isolations were made from roots, vascular elements, and pith tissue. In this study, 26 isolates were identified as C. macrodidymum on the basis of morphological characteristics. Isolates identified as C. macrodidymum had a dark orange-brown colony color and abundant aerial mycelia when grown on potato dextrose agar. Isolates produced ellipsoid or ovoid microconidia. The macroconidia were one to three septate, straight, and cylindrical. One-septate macroconidia were 24 to 32 × 5 to 7 μm; three-septate macroconidia were 26 to 40 × 5 to 6 μm. Chlamydospores developed in short, intercalary chains. Conidiophores were simple or complex and sporodochial. Isolate identities were confirmed by sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (GenBank Accession No. HM245331) with primers ITS1 and ITS4 (4). Isolates had 99% genetic identity with other isolates of C. macrodidymum present in GenBank. In pathogenicity tests, one representative isolate was used to inoculate five grapevine plants. Tests were completed by drench inoculation onto 3-month-old rooted cuttings of cv. Sultana with 25 ml of a conidia suspension (106 conidia ml–1). Controls were inoculated with an equal volume of sterile distilled water. Plants were incubated for 4 months in a controlled environment facility at 25°C. After 3 to 4 months, inoculations resulted in reduction of root mass, and C. macrodidymum was reisolated from regions of brown streaking in wood and discolored vascular tissue in all inoculated plants, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Control plants were asymptomatic and C. macrodidymum was not recovered from control plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of C. macrodidymum causing black foot disease on grapevine in Turkey. References: (1) S. Alaniz et al. Plant Dis. 93:821, 2009. (2) F. Hallen et al. Stud. Mycol. 50:431, 2004. (3) F. Halleen et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 45:S55, 2006. (4) E. Petit and W. D. Gubler. Plant Dis. 89:1051, 2005.

scholarly journals First Report of Dieback Caused by Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae on Ormosia pinnata in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 2551-2555
Author(s):  
Luoye Li ◽  
Mengying Lei ◽  
Honghong Wang ◽  
Xiaozhu Yang ◽  
Mebeaselassie Andargie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Type I ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Landscape Trees ◽  
Eventual Death ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Rdna ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor 1Α

Ormosia pinnata (Lour.) Merr. is an important tree used for landscape and plant recovery of barren slopes in China. During an investigation of plant disease on landscape trees in 2018, a dieback was observed on O. pinnata trees in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Symptoms were characterized by initial dryness of the twigs and eventual death of the whole branch of the tree. Isolations from symptomatic branches yielded 13 isolates including two main morphotypes. Pathogenicity tests showed that isolate GDOP1 from Type I caused dieback of O. pinnata. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and partial sequence of the translation elongation factor 1α (EF1-α), the fungus causing dieback on O. pinnata was identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. This is the first report of L. pseudotheobromae infecting O. pinnata in the world.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Diversity of Black-Foot Disease Fungi in Symptomless Grapevine Nursery Stock in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Berlanas ◽  
Sonia Ojeda ◽  
Beatriz López-Manzanares ◽  
Marcos Andrés-Sodupe ◽  
Rebeca Bujanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

In this study, 3,426 grafted grapevines ready to be planted from 15 grapevine nursery fields in Northern Spain were inspected from 2016 to 2018 for black-foot causing pathogens. In all, 1,427 isolates of black-foot pathogens were collected from the asymptomatic inner tissues of surface sterilized secondary roots and characterized based on morphological features and DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal DNA-internal transcribed spacer region, histone H3, translation elongation factor 1-alpha and β-tubulin genes. Eleven species belonging to the genera Dactylonectria, Ilyonectria, Neonectria, and Thelonectria were identified, including Dactylonectria alcacerensis, D. macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. torresensis, Ilyonectria liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta, Neonectria quercicola, Neonectria sp. 1, and Thelonectria olida. In addition, two species are newly described, namely D. riojana and I. vivaria. Twenty-four isolates representing 13 black-foot species were inoculated onto grapevine seedlings cultivar ‘Tempranillo’. The pathogenicity tests detected diversity in virulence among fungal species and between isolates within each species. The most virulent species was D. novozelandica isolate BV-0760, followed by D. alcacerensis isolate BV-1240 and I. vivaria sp. nov. isolate BV-2305. This study improves our knowledge on the etiology and virulence of black-foot disease pathogens, and opens up new perspectives in the study of the endophytic phase of these pathogens in grapevines.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Aggressiveness of Fusarium spp. Isolated from Canola in Alberta, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongyan Chen ◽  
Qixing Zhou ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov ◽  
Sheau-Fang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Fusarium Seedling Blight ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

Canola (Brassica napus) is one of the most economically important oilseed crops in Canada. Fusarium seedling blight is a root disease with the potential to cause severe yield reductions in canola. Fusarium spp. are commonly isolated root pathogens from fields in Alberta. Fusarium infection can also cause root rot in adult plants. In this study, 128 isolates identified as Fusarium spp. were recovered from field soils in central Alberta and from the roots of diseased canola plants with typical Fusarium seedling blight symptoms. Six species of Fusarium were identified, with Fusarium acuminatum as the predominant species (57 of 128 isolates, 44.5%). Phylogenetic analyses based on the translation elongation factor 1-α and the internal transcribed spacer sequence data were used for evaluation of genetic variations, and also used for Fusarium spp. identification in combination with morphological characteristics and polymerase chain reaction-based analyses. Based on disease ratings in pathogenicity tests, six isolates of F. avenaceum showed high aggressiveness on canola. Also, the aggressiveness varied within all Fusarium spp. No correlation was observed between aggressiveness and the geographic origin of the isolates.

scholarly journals Identification and Detection of Fusarium striatum as a New Record of Pathogen to Greenhouse Tomato in Northeastern America

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauriane M. Moine ◽  
Caroline Labbé ◽  
Gerry Louis-Seize ◽  
Keith A. Seifert ◽  
Richard R. Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Partial Translation

Recently, a new disease was reported on greenhouse tomato plants in both Quebec, Canada and Maine, United States. Symptomatic plants bore brown lesions at graft points and pruning sites, resulting in expanding cankers with clearly delineated margins. Diseased plants eventually wilted and died within a few weeks following the appearance of the first symptoms. The symptoms are reminiscent of infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, with the notable difference of a discoloration of the pith area rather than the vascular tissues. A homothallic Fusarium sp. was consistently recovered from these lesions. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer and the partial translation elongation factor 1-α gene identified the species as F. striatum. Pathogenicity tests with F. striatum isolates from diseased tissues reproduced disease symptoms in tomato similar to those observed on tomato plants in the greenhouses. Specific detection of F. striatum from mycelia and diseased and disease-free plant tissues was achieved by developing a polymerase chain reaction-based test. These results establish, for the first time, that the species F. striatum is the cause of crown and stem rot affecting tomato in North America. In addition F. striatum was detected from all sampled tissues of plants delivered by the nursery common to both growers, suggesting that the transplants would be the source of the inoculum.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in Dactylonectria pauciseptata associated with black foot disease in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yu Sheng ◽  
Eirian E. Jones ◽  
Hayley J. Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Histone Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

The fungal genera Ilyonectria and Dactylonectria are causal agents of black foot disease affecting grapevines. A New Zealand survey of grapevines symptomatic for this disease was conducted in 2005, and 11 D. pauciseptata isolates were recovered. The incidence of this disease has increased over the last decade so a multi-gene approach was used to accurately identify these isolates and to determine whether they could infect grapevine roots in vitro. Eight of the original 11 D. pauciseptata isolates remained viable and were recovered from storage. DNA sequencing, universally primed polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) and a detached root assay were used to characterise these eight isolates. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, β-tubulin, EF1-α and histone gene regions showed a monophyletic clade using the rRNA gene, EF1-α and histone gene, but paraphyletic based on β-tubulin. UP-PCR showed genetic diversity, with five major groups (P<0.01), with major groups concordant with the β-tubulin phylogeny. Pathogenicity tests with two common rootstocks showed that isolates produced lesions. Two distinct groups of D. pauciseptata were identified. Both groups are capable of infecting grapevine roots.

scholarly journals Characterization of Diaporthe australafricana and Diaporthe spp. Associated with Stem Canker of Blueberry in Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 1042-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Elfar ◽  
René Torres ◽  
Gonzalo A. Díaz ◽  
Bernardo A. Latorre
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Study Species

Stem canker and dieback are important factors that limit the longevity and reduce the yield of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) in Chile. In this study, species of Diaporthe associated with blueberry were isolated and identified. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA of 30 isolates and the translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) of 14 isolates were sequenced, analyzed, and compared with their morphological and pathological characteristics. The molecular analysis of ITS sequences by alignment with those of ex-type strains deposited in GenBank and morphological characteristics allowed the identification of Diaporthe ambigua, D. australafricana, D. neotheicola, D. passiflorae, and Diaporthe sp. 1. However, morphology alone was insufficient to identify these species. The combined analysis of ITS and EF1-α gene sequences grouped the Chilean blueberry isolates in the same five groups obtained in the ITS analysis. Pathogenicity tests conducted with attached and detached blueberry shoots (<1 year old) and stems (1 to 2 years old) confirmed that isolates of these Diaporthe spp. were pathogenic. The symptoms were reproducible and consisted of necrotic reddish-brown cankers on blueberry shoots and stems. These isolates were capable of infecting blueberry fruit, causing a soft decay, suggesting that they were tissue nonspecific and were also pathogenic on shoots of apple, grapevine, and pear. D. australafricana was the most frequently isolated species and D. ambigua, D. australafricana, and D. passiflorae were highly virulent in shoots, stems, and fruit of blueberry. This study showed that at least four species of Diaporthe are primary pathogens, capable of causing stem canker symptoms on blueberry, and this is the first report of D. ambigua, D. neotheicola, and D. passiflorae attacking this host.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document