scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ПОВЕРХНЕВО-АКТИВНИХ РЕЧОВИН НА ПОВЕРХНЕВИЙ НАТЯГ РОЗЧИНІВ ДЛЯ ПРОМИВАННЯ БАВОВНЯНОГО ТРИКОТАЖУ

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
О. Я. Семешко ◽  
Н. С. Скалозубова ◽  
Т. С. Асаулюк ◽  
Ю. Г. Сарібєкова ◽  
С. А. Мясников
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Cotton Knitted Fabric ◽  
Active Substances

Analysis of the mechanism of action of surfactants in the conditions of washing cotton knitted fabrics, the establishment of surfactants for functional purposes, which should be part of the composition, and the study of changes in the surface tension of solutions of surfactants of various classes designed to create a composition for the preparation of cotton knitted fabrics. Determination of the surface tension of solutions of surfactants of different concentrations was carried out by the method of detachment of the ring, using the Du-Nui method. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the mechanism of action of surfactants in the conditions of washing cotton knitted fabrics, it is established what properties the constituents of the composition should possess and the surfactants that contribute to the maximum reduction in the surface tension of their solutions are determined. Scientifically substantiated the principles of creating surfactants compositions for the scouring of cotton knitted fabric on the basis of an analysis of the mechanism of their action and found that the wetting and washing abilities of surfactants are the determinants; the isothermal dependences of the surface tension of solutions of surfactants of various classes are first obtained. Surface-active substances and their concentrations are established, which ensure low surface tension of solutions.

The structure and function of the spiracular gill of the fly Taphrophila vitripennis

1957 ◽  
Vol 147 (926) ◽  
pp. 90-120 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Respiratory Organ ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
And Function ◽  
Pupal Cuticle ◽  
Active Substances

The spiracular gill is a pupal structure, but it is the chief respiratory organ of the adult of Taphrophila before the pupal cuticle is shed. At the pupa-adult moult, the epidermis and blood in the spiracular gill are completely isolated from the living insect by two cuticles between which is the moulting fluid. A few hours after the isolation of the tissue, the epidermis of most parts of the gill begins to dissociate, the cells become rounded, separate away from the cuticle and from one another, and in due course form loose clumps usually far from the gill walls. The tissue isolated in the gill repairs cuts and tears in the gill walls with a tanned cuticle. At 16 to 18° C the competence of the isolated tissue to repair damage to the gill walls lasts about 14 days. The tissue is isolated 8 to 9 days before the emergence of the adult, and it repairs the gill up to 5 days after the insect has shed it and flown away. The isolated tissue tolerates complete dehydration and high temperatures. In water the isolated tissue of gills previously dried for 70 days over phosphorus pentoxide and heated when dry to 103° C for 2 h, or to 130° C for 30 min, successfully repaired wounds. The epidermis of the adult and larva of Taphrophila also repairs wounds after complete dehydration. The epidermis of other insects is shown to exhibit a similar tolerance to dehydration even when no such tolerance is shown by the insect: the epidermis of some insects that are killed when they lose about 20% of their moisture content will repair wounds after complete dehydration if dried rapidly. The gill of Taphrophila has a plastron that is not wetted at pressures below about 0⋅3 atm above normal pressure, and it is only wetted by surface active substances that reduce the surface tension to about 25 dyn/cm. Apart from its plastron, the gill is not an effective respiratory organ. The gill walls are not rigid. In water, the internal pressure maintains turgidity and maximum surface area necessary for the efficient functioning of the plastron. The internal pressure of intact and unscarred gills is 4⋅3 atm. When the gill is torn or cut open, blood and cells spurt out and there is an immediate equilization of internal and hydrostatic pressures. A clot is rapidly formed at the site of the injury. The increase in the mechanical strength of the clot outpaces the increase in the internal pressure brought about by water that diffuses into the gill. In a number of other Tipulidae beside Taphrophila blood and epiderm is are isolated in the respiratory horn or the spiracular gill at the pupa-adult moult. In some of these, such as the species of Lipsothrix , the epidermis does not dissociate nor separate from the cuticle but becomes syncytial and remains closely attached to the cuticle.

scholarly journals Designing a composition formulation of surface active substances for the pretreatment of knitted fabric

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6(82)) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Nataliia Skalozubova ◽  
Aleksandra Kunik ◽  
Olga Semeshko ◽  
Yulia Saribyekova ◽  
Sergey Myasnykov
Keyword(s):  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Active Substances

Comparison of the reactions of ferric ions with Chromazurol S, Eriochromazurol B and Eriochromcyanine R in the presence of surface active substances and spectrophotometric determination of Fe(III)-ions with Chromazurol S-cetylpyridinium bromide system

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2656-2669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlastimil Kubáň ◽  
Dagmar Gotzmannová
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Ions ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Bromide ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Chromazurol S ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Serum Components

The spectrophotometric methods of determining Fe(III) ions with Chromazurol S, Eriochromazurol B and Eriochromcyanine R in the presence of cationic, anionic and nonionic tensides were compared using the basic optical and statistical parameters. A method was proposed and developed for the determination of Fe(III) ions using Chromazurol S in blood serum and plasma at pH 4.7-5.0 in a medium of 2 . 10-4M cetylpyridinium bromide and 0.1M pyridine buffer and at pH 6.0-6.5 in a medium of 2 . 10-3M cetylpyridinium bromide and 0.1M hexamethylenetetramine buffer with molar absorption coefficients of 1.31 . 105 and 1.40 . 105, respectively. The determination is sufficiently specific even at pathological concentrations of the other serum components.

Accurate surface tension and charge determinations from polarographic drop-times

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Barradas ◽  
F. M. Kimmerle
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Method ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Surface Tension Data ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Mercury Electrodes ◽  
Surface Active Compounds

The precise determination of drop-times for micropolarographic mercury electrodes in aqueous inorganic electrolytes with and without the addition of organic surface-active compounds is described. A dependable mathematical method for conversion of drop-times to accurate surface tension data and the use of IBM computer techniques for the calculation of double layer parameters are discussed. Experimental results for hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, and furfurylamine systems are reported.

Ion Pairs of 5,5-dimethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-disulfophenylhydrazo)cyclohexane-1,3-dione with Cationic Surface-Active Substances as Analytical Reagent for Determination of Copper(II)

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (18) ◽  
pp. 2923-2938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran T. Mahmudov ◽  
Abel M. Maharramov ◽  
Rafiga A. Aliyeva ◽  
Ismayil A. Aliyev ◽  
Maximilian N. Kopylovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Analytical Reagent ◽  
Determination Of Copper ◽  
Active Substances
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