scholarly journals HYDROSURGICAL SANITATION OF THE PLEURAL CAVITY IN A CHILD WITH PLEURAL EMPYEMA AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF SEVERE ORGANIC BRAIN DAMAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Bataev ◽  
R. S. Molotov ◽  
R. O. Ignatiev ◽  
N. T. Zurbaev ◽  
M. V. Afaunov
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
High Effectiveness ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Organic Brain

A treatment case of a child aged 14 y. o. with pleural empyema against the background of severe organic brain damage and resistant epilepsy was presented. Considering premorbid background, unsuccessful treatment attempts using drainage and thoracoscopic sanitation of the pleural cavity, the child underwent a recurrent thoracoscopic sanitation of the pleural cavity using a hydrosurgical unit. Treatment results show high effectiveness of this method in 3 stage pleural empyema when other treatment methods are less effective and there are limitations related to rehabilitation activities due to severe premorbid status of a child.

Improvement in Treatment Results for Hypopharyngeal Cancer through the Advance of Treatment Methods-The Usefulness of Team Practice-

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohito Umeno ◽  
Hideki Chijiwa ◽  
Kikuo Sakamoto ◽  
Tadashi Nakashima ◽  
Kazunori Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Treatment Methods

FEATURES OF PLEURAL CAVITY DRAINAGE IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE NONSPECIFIC PLEURAL EMPYEMA

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
D. V. Minukhin ◽  
O. I. Tsyvenko ◽  
A. Yu. Korolevska ◽  
L. G. Tarasenko ◽  
D. Yu. Melnyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
Pleural Drainage ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Minor Surgery ◽  
Surgical Manipulation

Most authors considered pleural cavity drainage to be the main method of treatment of acute pleural empyema using minor surgery. Despite the simplicity of drainage of the pleural cavity, the number of complications after this surgical manipulation, according to the reports of some authors, varies from 3 to 8 %. The complications of pleural drainage in the patients with acute nonspecific pleural empyema have been studied and the technique of pleural drainage "blindly" has been introduced, which allows drainage to be located along the chest wall. At the first stage of the four−stage study, the complications of pleural drainage in 38 patients with acute nonspecific pleural empyema were analyzed, at the second stage a device for drainage of the pleural cavity "blindly" was developed to place drainage in parallel to the chest wall, at the third stage patients were tested; on IV −− drainage of the pleural cavity of 34 patients was performed according to the proposed method. The reason for the development of drainage complications in the pleural cavity of patients with acute pleural empyema was the inadequate location of drainage in the pleural cavity, drainage of the pleural cavity was carried out in general hospitals without the use of thoracoscopic equipment. Curved thoracoport with trocar for a blind drainage of the pleural cavity "blindly" was developed and introduced into clinical practice. This technique eliminates the involuntary location of the drainage in the pleural cavity, installing it along the chest wall, and is safe. Complications associated with drainage of the pleural cavity according to the developed method using a curved thoracoport with a trocar, inadequate location of drainage, were not observed in patients. Key words: acute pleural empyema, pleural cavity drainage, curved trocar.

scholarly journals MENTAL DISORDERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE COMMITMENT TO OBSERVATION IN THE INFECTIONIST IN HIVINFECTED PATIENTS WITH EARLY SYPHILIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Chumakov ◽  
N. N. Petrova ◽  
V. V. Rassokhin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Early Syphilis ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

HIV and syphilis have similar epidemiological characteristics which causes a high level of combined infection. Both STDs affect the central nervous system early after infection. Mental disorders occur with a high incidence in HIV-infected patients and patients with syphilis, but data on the effect of combined HIV and syphilis infection on mental disorders are found only in single articles. Objectives. The goal is to study mental disorders and their effect on the commitment to observation in the infectionist in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis. Materials and methods. A comparative study of 148 patients (65 HIV-infected patients with syphilis, 50 patients with syphilis monoinfection, 33 HIV-infected patients, seronegative for syphilis) was carried out. We used clinical, psychopathological, follow-up, psychometric, laboratory and statistical methods of investigation. Results. It was found that mental disorders occur in the majority (83%) of HIV-infected patients with syphilis with the predominance of affective (54%) and addictive (48%) disorders. In HIV-infected patients with early neurosyphilis, psychogenic reactions developed statistically significantly more often than in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of addictive, affective, personality disorders and mental disorders due to organic brain damage in patients with early neurosyphilis and early syphilis in the case of co-infection with HIV infection. Mental disorders due to organic brain damage had a mixed genesis (including infectious) in all cases and were associated and caused by the already existing HIV infection. HIV-infected patients with syphilis, in general, were characterized by the low commitment to observation in the infectionist which were influenced by the following factors: social maladjustment, drug abuse and criminal activity. Discussion. The frequency of detected mental disorders in the examined HIV-infected patients with syphilis (83,1%) corresponded to the literature on the incidence of mental illness in HIVinfected patients inSt. Petersburg(85,6%), but was higher than the prevalence of mental disorders in patients with syphilis (68%). Given the established influence of neurosyphilis mono-infection on the development of mental disorders due to organic brain damage, it can be concluded that the disease with early neurosyphilis is important in the development of mental disorders of organic genesis. But the weight of this factor is insufficient in case of co-infection with HIV and early neurosyphilis and can only have additional significance in the development of mental disorders and the key factor is HIV-infection action. Mental disorders (addictive disorders and cognitive impairment) adversely affect the commitment to observation in the infectionist of HIV-infected patients with syphilis, therefore timely correction of mental disorders may be one of the factors improving compliance of patients. Conclusions. The study found a minor role of early neurosyphilis (as opposed to HIV infection) on the formation of mental disorders in the case of a combination of these infections. At the same time, it was found that addictive and cognitive symptomatic complexes have a negative impact on the probability of reference to an infectious disease specialist for initiating therapy in HIV-infected patients with syphilis.

Bender-Gestalt Test and Background Interference Procedure in Discernment of Organic Brain Damage

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Pardue
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Background Interference ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Vocabulary Subtest ◽  
Bender Gestalt Test

Although the Bender-Gestalt test has proven adequate in differentiating groups of organic from groups of nonorganic Ss, attempts at individual diagnosis have frequently met with failure. Canter's Background Interference Procedure was designed to increase the sensitivity of the Bender test to the discernment of organic brain damage. The purpose of this paper was to check the validity of the Canter procedure, and to investigate its applicability to Hain's scoring system for the Bender test. 20 brain-damaged patients, 20 schizophrenics, and 20 nonorganic, non-brain-damaged patients were matched for age and intelligence. Each of these groups was further divided into outpatients and inpatients All patients were administered the Bender test on the standard white paper, the WAIS vocabulary subtest, and again the Bender test, on paper for the Background Interference Procedure. Significant results were obtained with the Background Interference administration for both Pascal-Suttell's and Hain's scoring systems where the standard administration had failed to yield significance. The tentative criteria proposed by Canter for individual diagnosis, however, were adequate for Pascal-Suttell's scoring system but not for Hain's method. Possible explanations for this disagreement, as well as suggestions for further research, are offered.

Cryotherapy in Semirigid Thoracoscopy for Debridement of Multiloculated Empyema

Respiration ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 784-788
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
Fang-Fang Guo ◽  
Kun-Yao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Thoracoscopy

Surgical intervention is occasionally required for the treatment of pleural empyema. Semirigid thoracoscopy is a safe and successful surgical approach utilized by interventional pulmonologists, conventionally utilizing flexible forceps and suction as the main tools, but they can sometimes be inefficient for more complicated cases. In debriding a case of multiloculated empyema with semirigid thoracoscopy, we report the novel use of cryotherapy in clearing adhesions from the pleural cavity. We found using the cryoprobe to be more efficient than using forceps and suggest further investigation into its use in medical thoracoscopy.

Clinical Differentiation with the Spiral Aftereffect Technique

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Obrzut ◽  
Roger C. Thweatt
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lighting Intensity ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Time Variables

The spiral aftereffect (SAE) apparatus was administered to 100 Ss, 50 independently medically diagnosed organic patients and 50 normals matched in sex and age to the first group. Each S was given standard instructions for six trials of 30-sec. exposure time. Variables, such as rate and direction of rotation, lighting intensity, light adaptation, etc., were controlled for all Ss. Scores and percentage computations of Ss in the various diagnostic groups indicate that the spiral aftereffect test has significantly differentiated between cases of organic brain damage and those who are normal ( χ2 = 42.2, p < .01, df = 1). No differences were shown between infectious vs noninfectious organics and convulsive vs nonconvulsive organics. However, there was a significant difference between prenatal organics and postnatal organics (χ2 = 21.4, P < .01, df = 1). For the entire group there were 32% false negative classifications and 8% false positive classifications.

Studies in Learning Impairment. I: Schizophrenic and Organic Patients

1951 ◽  
Vol 97 (409) ◽  
pp. 725-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. L. Hall ◽  
T. G. Crookes
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Learning Impairment

Ability to learn and retain relatively unfamiliar materials has been shown to be impaired in many clinical syndromes, both organic and functional. The testing of this ability features in some form or other in several clinical tests of intelligence, such as the Wechsler Scale and the Binet, while it is more directly tested in the various memory scales. As is well known, efficiency of learning declines with age, and can be greatly reduced by organic brain damage. There is evidence also, which we shall briefly review, that it can be variably reduced in schizophrenia and in psychoneurosis.

scholarly journals Organic brain damage and occupational solvent exposure.

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 776-781
Author(s):  
N M Cherry ◽  
F P Labreche ◽  
J C McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Solvent Exposure ◽  
Organic Brain

Delusions of Pregnancy in Men

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 716-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh K. Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Moderate Mental Retardation ◽  
Organic Brain

The case of a young, unmarried boy, who had moderate mental retardation, epilepsy, and post-ictal psychosis, is described here. During the psychosis, he believed he was pregnant, and had related behavioural disturbances. The review of other such cases reveals that organic brain damage was evident in all cases. Brain damage seems to be the more likely causative factor than psychodynamic factors.

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