Patients with chronic insomnia disorder have increased serum levels of neurofilaments, neuron-specific enolase and S100B: does organic brain damage exist?

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Cheng-Wen Tan ◽  
Gui-Hai Chen ◽  
Yi-Jun Ge ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Chronic Insomnia ◽  
Insomnia Disorder ◽  
Organic Brain

A Case of Lithium Poisoning? A Cautionary Tale

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
Larry Evans
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lithium Therapy ◽  
Lithium Toxicity ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Organic Brain Syndrome ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbances ◽  
Lithium Poisoning ◽  
Organic Brain

The case of a 58 year old woman on maintenance lithium therapy who developed an acute organic brain syndrome is reported. The patient subsequently showed evidence of persistent brain damage. It is suggested that lithium toxicity was precipitated by electrolyte disturbances possibly caused by self medication with a diuretic, where serum levels of lithium were an unreliable measure of impending toxicity.

scholarly journals Brain injury markers (S100B and NSE) in chronic cocaine dependents

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Henrique Paim Kessler ◽  
George Woody ◽  
Luís Valmor Cruz Portela ◽  
Adriano Bretanha Lopes Tort ◽  
Raquel De Boni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Chronic Cocaine ◽  
Cocaine Users ◽  
Serum Neuron Specific Enolase

OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown signs of brain damage caused by different mechanisms in cocaine users. The serum neuron specific enolase and S100B protein are considered specific biochemical markers of neuronal and glial cell injury. This study aimed at comparing blood levels of S100B and NSE in chronic cocaine users and in volunteers who did not use cocaine or other illicit drugs. METHOD: Twenty subjects dependent on cocaine but not on alcohol or marijuana, and 20 non-substance using controls were recruited. Subjects were selected by consecutive and non-probabilistic sampling. Neuron specific enolase and S100B levels were determined by luminescence assay. RESULTS: Cocaine users had significantly higher scores than controls in all psychiatric dimensions of the SCL-90 and had cognitive deficits in the subtest cubes of WAIS and the word span. Mean serum S100B level was 0.09 ± 0.04 µg/l among cocaine users and 0.08 ± 0.04 µg/l among controls. Mean serum neuron specific enolase level was 9.7 ± 3.5 ng/l among cocaine users and 8.3 ± 2.6 ng/l among controls. CONCLUSIONS: In this first study using these specific brain damage markers in cocaine users, serum levels of S100B and neuron specific enolase were not statistically different between cocaine dependent subjects and controls.

scholarly journals Correlation between Serum Levels of Sympathetic Nerve Activity Markers and Sleep Quality and Cognitive Function in Patients with Chronic Insomnia Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chen Gui-Hai ◽  
Hu Ting ◽  
Song Xuan ◽  
Ge Yi-Jun ◽  
Zhang Ping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Chronic Insomnia ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Insomnia Disorder

Objectives: To explore the changes of the serum levels of copeptin and α-amylase and the correlations with sleep quality and cognition function in the patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID). Methods: Fifty-seven CID patients and thirty healthy controls were enrolled continuously. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), polysomnography (PSG) and Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS) were used to assess the insomnia severity and cognitive and somatic manifestations of arousal experienced at bedtime. Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA) and Nine-Box Maze were used to respectively assess general cognition and memories. The serum levels of copeptin and α-amylase were detected using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay. Results: Compared to the controls, the CID patients had increased PSQI and PSAS scores (Z=‒7.678 and ‒7.350; Ps<0.001), decreased MoCA score (t=‒4.625, P<0.001), increased numbers of errors in the object working, spatial working and object recognition (Z=‒2.099, ‒3.935 and ‒2.266; Ps<0.05) memories, and elevated serum levels of copeptin and α-amylase (t=5.414 and 5.597, P <0.001). In the CID patients，the level of copeptin positively correlated with PSQI and PSAS scores (r=0.338 and 0.316; Ps<0.05), and PSG sleep latency, wake time and N1% (r=0.324, 0.325 and 0.278, Ps<0.05), and negatively correlated with PSG N 2% (r=‒0.279, Ps<0.05). Alpha-amylase was positively correlated with waking numbers in PSG (r=0.293, P< 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that copeptin level affected PSQI score and PSG sleep latency (P<0.05). Conclusions: The serum levels of copeptin and α-amylase elevated in the CID patients, and the serum levels of copeptin may be associated with the poor sleep quality, especially in the individuals of initial sleep difficulties.

Serum levels and immunohistochemical data on neuron-specific enolase in patients with malignant melanoma.

1987 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-279
Author(s):  
Shuichi IKEKAWA ◽  
Kazuyuki ISHIHARA ◽  
Hisanao OHKURA ◽  
Takashi NAKAJIMA ◽  
Shigeo IKEDA
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Serum Levels

scholarly journals Predictive value of S-100β and neuron-specific enolase serum levels for adverse neurologic outcome after cardiac surgery

2000 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Georgiadis ◽  
Anja Bergera ◽  
Ellen Kowatscheva ◽  
Christine Lautenschläger ◽  
Angelika Börner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Neurologic Outcome

Serum Levels of Neuron-Specific Enolase in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherifa Hamed ◽  
Kotb Abbass Metwalley ◽  
Hekma Saad Farghaly ◽  
Tahra Sherief
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Serum Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Sensitive Marker

Neuron-specific enolase is a sensitive marker of neuronal damage in various neurologic disorders. This study aimed to measure serum neuron-specific enolase levels at different time points and severities of diabetic ketoacidosis. This study included 90 children (age 9.2 ± 3.4 years) with diabetic ketoacidosis. Neuron-specific enolase was measured at 3 time points (baseline and after 12 and 24 hours of starting treatment). Among patients, 74.4% had diagnosis of new diabetes, 60% had Glasgow Coma Scale score <15, and 75.6% had moderate/severe diabetic ketoacidosis. Compared with controls (n = 30), children with diabetic ketoacidosis had higher neuron-specific enolase levels at the 3 time points ( P = .0001). In multiple regression analysis, the factors associated with higher neuron-specific enolase levels were younger age, higher glucose, lower pH, and bicarbonate values. This study indicates that serum neuron-specific enolase is elevated in diabetic ketoacidosis and correlated with the severity of hyperglycemia, ketosis, and acidosis. This study indicates that diabetic ketoacidosis may cause neuronal injury from which the patients recovered partially but not completely.

scholarly journals MENTAL DISORDERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE COMMITMENT TO OBSERVATION IN THE INFECTIONIST IN HIVINFECTED PATIENTS WITH EARLY SYPHILIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Chumakov ◽  
N. N. Petrova ◽  
V. V. Rassokhin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Early Syphilis ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

HIV and syphilis have similar epidemiological characteristics which causes a high level of combined infection. Both STDs affect the central nervous system early after infection. Mental disorders occur with a high incidence in HIV-infected patients and patients with syphilis, but data on the effect of combined HIV and syphilis infection on mental disorders are found only in single articles. Objectives. The goal is to study mental disorders and their effect on the commitment to observation in the infectionist in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis. Materials and methods. A comparative study of 148 patients (65 HIV-infected patients with syphilis, 50 patients with syphilis monoinfection, 33 HIV-infected patients, seronegative for syphilis) was carried out. We used clinical, psychopathological, follow-up, psychometric, laboratory and statistical methods of investigation. Results. It was found that mental disorders occur in the majority (83%) of HIV-infected patients with syphilis with the predominance of affective (54%) and addictive (48%) disorders. In HIV-infected patients with early neurosyphilis, psychogenic reactions developed statistically significantly more often than in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of addictive, affective, personality disorders and mental disorders due to organic brain damage in patients with early neurosyphilis and early syphilis in the case of co-infection with HIV infection. Mental disorders due to organic brain damage had a mixed genesis (including infectious) in all cases and were associated and caused by the already existing HIV infection. HIV-infected patients with syphilis, in general, were characterized by the low commitment to observation in the infectionist which were influenced by the following factors: social maladjustment, drug abuse and criminal activity. Discussion. The frequency of detected mental disorders in the examined HIV-infected patients with syphilis (83,1%) corresponded to the literature on the incidence of mental illness in HIVinfected patients inSt. Petersburg(85,6%), but was higher than the prevalence of mental disorders in patients with syphilis (68%). Given the established influence of neurosyphilis mono-infection on the development of mental disorders due to organic brain damage, it can be concluded that the disease with early neurosyphilis is important in the development of mental disorders of organic genesis. But the weight of this factor is insufficient in case of co-infection with HIV and early neurosyphilis and can only have additional significance in the development of mental disorders and the key factor is HIV-infection action. Mental disorders (addictive disorders and cognitive impairment) adversely affect the commitment to observation in the infectionist of HIV-infected patients with syphilis, therefore timely correction of mental disorders may be one of the factors improving compliance of patients. Conclusions. The study found a minor role of early neurosyphilis (as opposed to HIV infection) on the formation of mental disorders in the case of a combination of these infections. At the same time, it was found that addictive and cognitive symptomatic complexes have a negative impact on the probability of reference to an infectious disease specialist for initiating therapy in HIV-infected patients with syphilis.

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