scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN FORMULA CAIR Trichoderma harzianum T10 BERBAHAN TEPUNG JAGUNG TERHADAP REBAH SEMAI (Pythium sp.) BIBIT MENTIMUN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwit Ningtias ◽  
Endang Mugiastuti ◽  
Ruth Feti Rahayuniati ◽  
Loekas Soesanto
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Progress Curve

Penelitian bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui konsentrasi tepung jagung yang tepat untuk medium cair Trichoderma harzianum T10, 2) mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi T. harzianum T10 dalam berbagai konsentrasi medium cair tepung jagung terhadap penekanan penyakit rebah semai dan pertumbuhan bibit mentimun. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman dan di lahan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman pada bulan September 2017 sampai Januari 2018. Pengujian in vitro menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan  lima perlakuan dan  lima ulangan, meliputi perlakuan formula cair medium Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB), formula cair tepung jagung konsentrasi 5, 10, 15 dan 20 g/L. Pengujian in planta menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 6 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, membandingkan kontrol dengan tanaman yang diberi perlakuan T. harzianum T10 pada masing-masing formula cair konsentrasi tepung jagung. Variabel yang diamati meliputi kepadatan konidium, masa inkubasi, kejadian penyakit, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), potensi tumbuh maksimum, daya kecambah, tinggi tanaman, panjang akar, bobot segar akar dan bobot segar tajuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan konidium T. harzianum T10 tertinggi pada formula medium cair tepung jagung konsentrasi 20 g/L sebesar 3,67x106 konidium/mL, tetapi belum mampu menyamai medium PDB. Aplikasi T. harzianum T10 yang efektif menekan penyakit rebah semai adalah perlakuan T. harzianum T10 dalam formula cair tepung jagung konsentrasi 15 g/L, yaitu mampu menekan kejadian penyakit 71,43% dan menunda masa inkubasi 35,83%. Aplikasi T. harzianum T10 selain konsentrasi 15 g/L belum berpengaruh terhadap variabel yang diamati dan diukur.

scholarly journals Raw Secondary Metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10 in Tapioca Flour Towards Cucumber Damping-off

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234
Author(s):  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Hidayatul Ilahiyyah ◽  
Endang Mugiastuti ◽  
Abdul Manan ◽  
Rostaman Rostaman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Tapioca Flour

Trichoderma harzianum is effective for controlling soil-borne pathogenic fungi and producing secondary metabolites. When applied in the field, the raw secondary metabolites are quickly decreased directly by sunlight. One strategy to avoid degradation is the use of tapioca fluor liquid formula for biological control agents. This research aimed to obtain the most effective concentration of tapioca flour in development of raw secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10, its effect on damping-off and growth of cucumber. This research was carried out at the screen house and the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University from September 2017 up to January 2018. The study was conducted in two stages, i.e., in vitro and in planta. The in vitro stage used completely randomized design with five repetitions and five treatments consisted of T. harzianum T10 in Potato Dextrose Broth, and in 0.5; 1; 1.5; and 2% of tapioca flour media. In in planta, randomized block design was used with five repetitions and six treatments consisted of control, T. harzianum T10 in PDB, and in 0.5; 1; 1.5, and 2% of tapioca flour media. Variables observed were density of conidia, disease incubation period, disease incidence, AUDPC, maximum growth potential, germination ability, plant height, canopy fresh weight, root length, and fresh root weight. Result of the research showed that the highest conidial density (1.23 x 107 conidia mL-1) of T. harzianum T10 was found in 2% tapioca flour with an increase of 63.28% compared to the PDB. The tapioca flour of 1 and 2%, and PDB could suppress the disease incidence by 81.82%. The lowest AUDPC was at 2% tapioca flour. The raw secondary metabolites could not delay the incubation period significantly and increase cucumber plant growth. The novelty is the use of antagonistic fungi in terms of raw secondary metabolites and the discovery of tapioca flour with the right concentration to produce high conidia density and high raw secondary metabolites. The benefits are to find other cheaper ingredients in promoting antagonistic fungal growth and the use of antagonistic fungal bioactive compounds to control plant pathogen

Efficacy of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride on Suppression of Physalospora vaccinii in Laboratory Assays†

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2460-2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. TUBAJIKA
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Benzyl Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Dimethyl Benzyl ◽  
Benzyl Ammonium ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium

Growth of Physalospora vaccinii on inoculated agar growth medium and cranberries treated with 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 ppm of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) was investigated in the laboratory. In vitro growth assays, the colony diameter, and mycelial dry weight of P. vaccinii was reduced at 1,000 ppm ADBAC. Mild or no reduction of fungal growth and mycelial dry weight was observed at concentrations less than 100 ppm when compared with the nonamended control. Growth of P. vaccinii on inoculated cranberries was inhibited by treatment with 10 and 100 ppm ADBAC. Complete inhibition of fungus growth was also achieved at 1,000 ppm ADBAC. Area under the disease progress curve values in wounded fruits were 75, 77, and 100% at 10, 100, and 1,000 ppm ADBAC, respectively, whereas area under the disease progress curve values in fruits immersed in ADBAC and pathogen were reduced 47 to 100% compared with the untreated fruits used as controls. No P. vaccinii or other fungi were detected on the control fruits inoculated with sterile distilled water. This is the first report on the use of ADBAC to control a field and storage rotting fungus, P. vaccinii. ADBAC is likely to be an important component to any integrated approach for reducing the risks associated with the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in or on foods.

scholarly journals Management of Daylily Rust With Different Fungicides and Fungicide Combinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Emmitt ◽  
James W. Buck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Southeast United States ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Disease Pressure

Production nurseries and daylily hybridizers in the southeast United States rely on the use of fungicides to manage daylily rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia hemerocallidis. Foliar sprays of pyraclostrobin, flutolanil, tebuconazole, myclobutanil, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, flutolanil + tebuconazole, flutolanil + myclobutanil, flutolanil + chlorothalonil, and flutolanil + mancozeb applied on 14-day intervals, and a nontreated control, were evaluated under high disease pressure at three locations in Griffin, GA, in 2015. Tebuconazole or the tebuconazole + flutolanil treatment consistently had the lowest area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of the treatments. The addition of flutolanil to chlorothalonil or mancozeb did not improve rust control and no difference in disease severity was observed in any treatment containing contact fungicides on all assessment dates. Single application costs ranged from $10.21 to $95.96 with tebuconazole providing excellent disease management at a relatively low cost per application ($13.90).

scholarly journals Temporal progress of southern rust in maize under different environmental conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia V. Godoy ◽  
Lílian Amorim ◽  
Armando Bergamin Filho ◽  
Herbert P. Silva ◽  
Willian J. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Puccinia Polysora ◽  
The Mean

The progress of the severity of southern rust in maize (Zea mays) caused by Puccinia polysora was quantified in staggered plantings in different geographical areas in Brazil, from October to May, over two years (1995-1996 and 1996-1997). The logistic model, fitted to the data, better described the disease progress curves than the Gompertz model. Four components of the disease progress curves (maximum disease severity; area under the disease progress curve, AUDPC; area under the disease progress curve around the inflection point, AUDPCi; and epidemic rate) were used to compare the epidemics in different areas and at different times of planting. The AUDPC, AUDPCi, and the epidemic rate were analyzed in relation to the weather (temperature, relative humidity, hours of relative humidity >90%, and rainfall) and recorded during the trials. Disease severity reached levels greater than 30% in Piracicaba and Guaíra in the plantings between December and January. Lower values of AUDPC occurred in later plantings at both locations. The epidemic rate was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the mean daily temperatures and negatively correlated with hours of relative humidity >90%. The AUDPC was not correlated with any weather variable. The AUDPCi was negatively related to both variables connected to humidity, but not to rain. Long periods (mostly >13 h day-1) of relative humidity >90% (that corresponded to leaf wetness) occurred in Castro. Severity of southern rust in maize has always been low in Castro, thus the negative correlations between disease and the two humidity variables.

scholarly journals Fungicides for Control of Downy Mildew on Pickling Cucumber in Michigan

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn E. Goldenhar ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Pseudoperonospora Cubensis ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Cucurbit Downy Mildew ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Pickling Cucumber ◽  
Progress Curve

Michigan growers rely on fungicides to limit cucurbit downy mildew (CDM), incited by Pseudoperonospora cubensis; resistance of the pathogen to fungicides is a concern. We evaluated fungicides against CDM in Michigan field studies from 2015 to 2017. According to the relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC), in 2015, mandipropamid, propamocarb, fluxapyroxad/pyraclostrobin, copper octanoate, and dimethomorph resulted in disease levels similar to the control. These treatments, along with cymoxanil, were similar to the control in 2016. Fungicides that were ineffective during 2015 and 2016 did not limit CDM in 2017. Famoxadone/cymoxanil and fluopicolide did not limit CDM in 2017. Each year, the following treatments were similar for disease based on rAUDPC data: oxathiapiprolin applied alone or premixed with chlorothalonil or mandipropamid, ametoctradin/dimethomorph, fluazinam, mancozeb/zoxamide, cyazofamid, and ethaboxam. An exception occurred in 2017, when ethaboxam was less effective than fluazinam, oxathiapiprolin/chlorothalonil, and oxathiapiprolin/mandipropamid. Mancozeb and chlorothalonil treatments were similar in 2015 and 2017, according to rAUDPC data. In 2017, yields were increased for oxathiapiprolin/chlorothalonil, oxathiapiprolin/mandipropamid, mancozeb, ametoctradin/dimethomorph, mancozeb/zoxamide, ethaboxam, cyazofamid, chlorothalonil, and fluazinam compared with the untreated control.

scholarly journals Stability of Slow-Rusting Resistance to Puccinia asparagi and Managing Rust in Asparagus

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 997-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
South Central ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
The Stability

The stability of slow-rusting resistance to Puccinia asparagi in several asparagus cultivars was evaluated in two replicated field trials. Rust epidemics were monitored in each trial for 8 years spanning a period of 13 years (1983–1990 and 1987–1995). Inoculum of P. asparagi, an autoecious macrocyclic rust, originated each year as teliospores. In the first trial, the cultivars Jersey Titan, Jersey Centennial, Jersey Giant, Delmonte-361, and UC-157 had consistently lower area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values than Wash T2 and WSU-1. Cultivar Mary Washington was intermediate between the two groups of resistant and susceptible cultivars in 6 of 8 years. Jersey Titan consistently ranked number 1 for resistance with the lowest AUDPC values all 8 years. In the second trial, Jersey Giant, Delmonte-361, and UC-157 had consistently lower AUDPC values than Larac, Gynlim, Cito, Largo 17-3, and Franklim in each of 8 years. Jersey Giant, Delmonte-361, and UC-157 always ranked low (1, 2, or 3) for AUDPC. A shift from rust-susceptible to rust-resistant asparagus cultivars began in central Washington around 1996. In 2011, resistant cultivars made up nearly 96% of the asparagus plantings. From 1996 to 2011, rust was not considered a problem in commercial fields with slow-rusting resistant cultivars. Use of durable, slow-rusting cultivars, along with sanitation practices that reduced levels of aecia in nonharvested nurseries and on volunteer asparagus plants and judicious irrigation management, has effectively managed asparagus rust in commercial fields for at least 29 years in south-central Washington.

scholarly journals SAMPLE SIZE FOR ASSESS THE LEAF BLAST SEVERITY IN EXPERIMENTS WITH IRRIGATED RICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUNO GIACOMINI SARI ◽  
ALESSANDRO DAL'COL LÚCIO ◽  
IVAN FRANCISCO DRESSLER DA COSTA ◽  
ANA LÚCIA DE PAULA RIBEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Morisita Index ◽  
Rice Leaf Blast ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the sample size needed to assess the severity of leaf blast in rice in experiments with different fungicide treatments. The severity and the area under the disease progress curve data of three chemical disease control treatments carried out in Rio Grande do Sul, were used in the study. Analysis of variance was performed to verify whether the severity of the disease differed between treatments. The spread of disease was was also found to be different between treatments and assessments, using the variance/mean ratio and Morisita index. The spatial distribution of the disease among the treatments and during the evaluations is important for the choice of the equation used to calculate the sample size. The spatial distribution of the disease was not the same across the experiments, and it varied between treatments and evaluations. Thus, we decided to use a formula that was not associated with distributions to indicate the spatial distribution (negative binomial or Poisson) of the disease in the field. The sample size to estimate the average of rice leaf blast severity varied between treatments and evaluations. The area under the disease progress curve is necessary to be determined to reduce the number of samples needed. Thus, it is recommended to assess 293 sheets to estimate severity, and 63 to estimate AUDPC at 20% error.

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