Context Culture in CDC's Health Alert: For All Travelers

The high number of covid-19 cases and the US's mortality rate encourage The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to socialize and promote prevention guidance to stop the spreading. One of the preventive measures is by issuing travel warnings. Scholars have noted that the linguistic and cultural concept conveys norms of behavior and values in society at a particular stage of its development. In brief, advertisements messages are influenced by communicators' cultural backgrounds and references. It means the signs in the CDC poster can show American values. To examine and explore those cultural values in CDC publication materials, the authors conducted a semiotic analysis on a poster entitled Health Alert: For All Travelers. The method used is Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic model. The study shows that the signs presented on the CDC poster are simple, use direct communication structures, and are equipped with universal meaning to understand the message conveyed easily. It indicates a representation of the dominant culture in the United States, the low-context culture with a high level of individualism values. Multidisciplinary research is needed to help create a universal communication model so that messages conveyed in advertisements can reach a wider audience.

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Genderized Workplace Lookism in the U.S. and Abroad

Discrimination and Diversity ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1933-1.ch005 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 61-85

Author(s):

Cynthia Howard Sims

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

The United States ◽

Skin Tone ◽

Hair Color ◽

Cultural Backgrounds ◽

Global Workforce ◽

Career Opportunities ◽

Development Professionals ◽

The Impact ◽

The U.S

Lookism is preferential treatment of those considered to be attractive and discrimination against those deemed less physically desirable. Value is attached to certain physical characteristics such as skin tone, height, weight, facial features, and hair color/textures. Two of the phenomena that exist under the umbrella of lookism are colorism and weightism, which are both genderized phenomenon that create social and workplace inequities. There are studies that explore physical appearance discrimination external to and within workplaces in the United States; however, there is little research on the impact of these prejudices on women abroad. Since today's global workforce is composed of women from various countries and cultural backgrounds, and their cultural values impact their career aspirations and career opportunities, organizational and career development professionals must understand the implications of both U.S. and international lookism and utilize strategies to address and prevent the related issues.

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The Impact of Gendered Lookism During Employment Stages

Implementation Strategies for Improving Diversity in Organizations - Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-4745-8.ch003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 75-109

Author(s):

Cynthia Sims

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cultural Values ◽

The United States ◽

Skin Tone ◽

Hair Color ◽

Cultural Backgrounds ◽

Global Workforce ◽

Career Opportunities ◽

Development Professionals ◽

The Impact

Lookism is preferential treatment of those considered to be attractive and discrimination against those deemed less physically desirable. Value is attached to certain physical characteristics such as skin tone, weight, facial features, and hair color. Two of the phenomena that exist under the umbrella of lookism are colorism and weightism, both of which create social and workplace inequities. There are studies that explore physical appearance discrimination external to and within workplaces in the United States, and an emerging body of literature regarding lookism abroad exists. Some of this research focuses on women's experiences with lookism in the workplace. Since today's global workforce is composed of women from various countries and cultural backgrounds, and their cultural values impact their career aspirations and career opportunities, organizational and career development professionals must understand the implications of both U.S. and global lookism and employ strategies to address and prevent the related issues.

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Superantigens Are Critical for Staphylococcus aureus Infective Endocarditis, Sepsis, and Acute Kidney Injury

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.00494-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Wilmara Salgado-Pabón ◽

Laura Breshears ◽

Adam R. Spaulding ◽

Joseph A. Merriman ◽

Christopher S. Stach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Infective Endocarditis ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

The United States ◽

Content Type ◽

Lethal Sepsis ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Bacterial Accumulation ◽

High Level

ABSTRACTInfective endocarditis and kidney infections are serious complications ofStaphylococcus aureussepsis. We investigated the role of superantigens (SAgs) in the development of lethal sepsis, infective endocarditis, and kidney infections. SAgs cause toxic shock syndrome, but it is unclear if SAgs contribute to infective endocarditis and kidney infections secondary to sepsis. We show in the methicillin-resistantS. aureusstrain MW2 that lethal sepsis, infective endocarditis, and kidney infections in rabbits are critically dependent on high-level SAgs. In contrast, the isogenic strain lacking staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC), the major SAg in this strain, is attenuated in virulence, while complementation restores disease production. SAgs’ role in infective endocarditis appears to be both superantigenicity and direct endothelial cell stimulation. Maintenance of elevated blood pressure by fluid therapy significantly protects from infective endocarditis, possibly through preventing bacterial accumulation on valves and increased SAg elimination. These data should facilitate better methods to manage these serious illnesses.IMPORTANCEThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported in 2007 thatStaphylococcus aureusis the most significant cause of serious infectious diseases in the United States (R. M. Klevens, M. A. Morrison, J. Nadle, S. Petit, K. Gershman, et al., JAMA 298:1763–1771, 2007). Among these infections are sepsis, infective endocarditis, and acute kidney injury. Infective endocarditis occurs in 30 to 60% of patients withS. aureusbacteremia and carries a mortality rate of 40 to 50%. Over the past decades, infective endocarditis outcomes have not improved, and infection rates are steadily increasing (D. H. Bor, S. Woolhandler, R. Nardin, J. Brusch, D. U. Himmelstein, PLoS One 8:e60033, 2013). There is little understanding of theS. aureusvirulence factors that are key for infective endocarditis development and kidney abscess formation. We demonstrate that superantigens are critical in the causation of all three infections. We show that their association results from both superantigenicity and direct toxic effects on endothelial cells, the latter likely contributing to delayed endothelium healing. Our studies contribute significantly to understanding the development of these illnesses and are expected to lead to development of important therapies to treat such illnesses.

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A narrative review on current duodenoscope reprocessing techniques and novel developments

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control ◽

10.1186/s13756-021-01037-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maarten Heuvelmans ◽

Herman F. Wunderink ◽

Henny C. van der Mei ◽

Jan F. Monkelbaan

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Pathogen Transmission ◽

Clinical Implementation ◽

Sampling Protocol ◽

Strict Adherence ◽

United States Food ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

American Society ◽

High Level ◽

American Society For Microbiology

AbstractDuodenoscopy-associated infections occur worldwide despite strict adherence to reprocessing standards. The exact scope of the problem remains unknown because a standardized sampling protocol and uniform sampling techniques are lacking. The currently available multi-society protocol for microbial culturing by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the American Society for Microbiology, published in 2018 is too laborious for broad clinical implementation. A more practical sampling protocol would result in increased accessibility and widespread implementation. This will aid to reduce the prevalence of duodenoscope contamination. To reduce the risk of duodenoscopy-associated pathogen transmission the FDA advised four supplemental reprocessing measures. These measures include double high-level disinfection, microbiological culturing and quarantine, ethylene oxide gas sterilization and liquid chemical sterilization. When the supplemental measures were advised in 2015 data evaluating their efficacy were sparse. Over the past five years data regarding the supplemental measures have become available that place the efficacy of the supplemental measures into context. As expected the advised supplemental measures have resulted in increased costs and reprocessing time. Unfortunately, it has also become clear that the efficacy of the supplemental measures falls short and that duodenoscope contamination remains a problem. There is a lot of research into new reprocessing methods and technical applications trying to solve the problem of duodenoscope contamination. Several promising developments such as single-use duodenoscopes, electrolyzed acidic water, and vaporized hydrogen peroxide plasma are already applied in a clinical setting.

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Genderized Workplace Lookism in the U.S. and Abroad

Impact of Diversity on Organization and Career Development - Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-7324-3.ch005 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 105-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cynthia Howard Sims

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

The United States ◽

Skin Tone ◽

Hair Color ◽

Cultural Backgrounds ◽

Global Workforce ◽

Career Opportunities ◽

Development Professionals ◽

The Impact ◽

The U.S

Lookism is preferential treatment of those considered to be attractive and discrimination against those deemed less physically desirable. Value is attached to certain physical characteristics such as skin tone, height, weight, facial features, and hair color/textures. Two of the phenomena that exist under the umbrella of lookism are colorism and weightism, which are both genderized phenomenon that create social and workplace inequities. There are studies that explore physical appearance discrimination external to and within workplaces in the United States; however, there is little research on the impact of these prejudices on women abroad. Since today's global workforce is composed of women from various countries and cultural backgrounds, and their cultural values impact their career aspirations and career opportunities, organizational and career development professionals must understand the implications of both U.S. and international lookism and utilize strategies to address and prevent the related issues.

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Transmission of cultural values through narrative communication in the United States and Japan

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e634112013-346 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Toshie Imada ◽

Steven R. Yussen

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cultural Values ◽

The United States

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The National Association of Professional Base Ball Players: The Origins of Professional Baseball and the American Identity

Vanderbilt Undergraduate Research Journal ◽

10.15695/vurj.v8i0.3522 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Eric Rosenberg

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Professional Sports ◽

The United States ◽

American Identity ◽

National Association ◽

American Values ◽

Primary Documents ◽

American Tradition ◽

Formative Experience ◽

The 19Th Century

Baseball has been proudly coined “the national pastime” for nearly its entire existence. The sport evolved from several English bat and ball games and quickly became part of the American identity in the 19th century. Only a few decades after the first baseball club formed in New York City, amateur clubs began to organize into loose confederations as competition and glory entered a game originally associated with fraternal leisure. Soon after, clubs with enough fans and capital began to pay players for their services and by 1871 and league of solely professionals emerged. Known as The National Professional Base Ball Players Association, this league would only last five seasons but would lay the groundwork for the American tradition of professional sports that exists today. In this paper, I analyze the development of the sport of baseball into a professional industry alongside the concurrent industrialization and urbanization of the United States. I used primary documents from the era describing the growing popularity of the sport as well as modern historians’ accounts of early baseball. In addition, I rely on sources focusing on the changing American identity during this period known as The Gilded Age, which many attribute to be the beginnings of the modern understanding of American values. Ultimately, I conclude that baseball’s progression into a professional league from grassroots origins compared to a broader trend of the ideal American being viewed as urban, skilled, and affluent despite the majority not able to fit this characterization. How certain attributes become inherent to a group identity and the types of individuals able to communicate these messages are also explored. My analysis of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players provides insight on the formative experience of the modern collective American identity and baseball’s place in it as our national pastime.

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Changes in Perceptions of Filipino Immigrants about Themselves and of Americans Before and After Coming to the United States

10.31124/advance.8107907 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gremil Alessandro Naz

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Symbolic Interaction ◽

The United States ◽

The Philippines ◽

Appraisal Theory ◽

American Values ◽

The Us ◽

Before And After ◽

Symbolic Interaction Theory ◽

Filipino Immigrants

<p>This paper examines the changes in Filipino immigrants’ perceptions about themselves and of Americans before and after coming to the United States. Filipinos have a general perception of themselves as an ethnic group. They also have perceptions about Americans whose media products regularly reach the Philippines. Eleven Filipinos who have permanently migrated to the US were interviewed about their perceptions of Filipinos and Americans. Before coming to the US, they saw themselves as hardworking, family-oriented, poor, shy, corrupt, proud, adaptable, fatalistic, humble, adventurous, persevering, gossipmonger, and happy. They described Americans as rich, arrogant, educated, workaholic, proud, powerful, spoiled, helpful, boastful, materialistic, individualistic, talented, domineering, friendly, accommodating, helpful, clean, and kind. Most of the respondents changed their perceptions of Filipinos and of Americans after coming to the US. They now view Filipinos as having acquired American values or “Americanized.” On the other hand, they stopped perceiving Americans as a homogenous group possessing the same values after they got into direct contact with them. The findings validate social perception and appraisal theory, and symbolic interaction theory.</p>

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Documents, Ethics, and the Disability Historian

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234959.013.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Penny Richards ◽

Susan Burch

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cultural Values ◽

The United States ◽

Rich Source ◽

Disability History ◽

Historical Production ◽

The Invisible

The factors driving research into disability history methodology in its practical dimensions (such as finding and analyzing sources and presenting findings), the cultural values that inform it, and who populates intended audiences all contribute to the invisible infrastructure of historical production. When historians of disability access a rich source of data, they also must ask who created it, who benefited from its preservation, and whose stories are left untold. Sharing knowledge—through preservation and dissemination—equally shapes disability historical work. In all of this, access and accessibility—from built spaces and source types to research aids and scholarly products—remain paramount. Ways to proceed with sensitivity and creativity in the exploration of disabled peoples’ and disability’s pasts are presented from the perspective of the United States.

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