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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon B. Ross

In Sissy Insurgencies Marlon B. Ross focuses on the figure of the sissy in order to rethink how Americans have imagined, articulated, and negotiated manhood and boyhood from the 1880s to the present. Rather than collapsing sissiness into homosexuality, Ross shows how sissiness constitutes a historically fluid range of gender practices that are expressed as a physical manifestation, discursive epithet, social identity, and political phenomenon. He reconsiders several black leaders, intellectuals, musicians, and athletes within the context of sissiness, from Booker T. Washington, George Washington Carver, and James Baldwin to Little Richard, Amiri Baraka, and Wilt Chamberlain. Whether examining Washington’s practice of cleaning as an iteration of sissiness, Baldwin’s self-fashioned sissy deportment, or sissiphobia in professional sports and black nationalism, Ross demonstrates that sissiness can be embraced and exploited to conform to American gender norms or disrupt racialized patriarchy. In this way, sissiness constitutes a central element in modern understandings of race and gender.


2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seomgyun Lee ◽  
Taeyeon Oh ◽  
Choong Hoon Lim

PurposeThis study sought to determine if environmental barriers (i.e. air pollution, temperature and precipitation) affect outdoor (i.e. soccer and baseball) and indoor (i.e. basketball) professional sport attendance in South Korea.Design/methodology/approachBy including actual air quality, temperature and precipitation data collected from each place where the sporting events take place, this study conducted a regression analysis to examine factors that influenced outdoor and indoor sport attendance.FindingsIn outdoor sports, the estimated results suggested that soccer and baseball attendance were not affected by air pollution. Indoor sport consumers did not change their consumption behaviors in attending sports despite the presence of air pollution. In addition, there was mixed evidence on the effect of weather-related variables on attendance. Average temperature had a positive effect on baseball (outdoor) and basketball (indoor) sport attendance, indicating that the warmer the temperature, the more likely those fans were to attend the games. Average precipitation was negatively associated with outdoor (soccer) sport spectators.Originality/valueThe present study contributes to the sport environment literature by examining the impact of environmental barriers on spectators' behaviors in the context of outdoor and indoor professional sports.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas Kolen ◽  
Laurens Znidarsic ◽  
Andreas Voss ◽  
Simon Donders ◽  
Iris Kamphorst ◽  
...  

In response to the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 many governments decided in 2020 to impose lockdowns. Although the package of measures which constitute such lockdowns differs between countries, it is a general rule that contacts between people, and especially in large groups of people, are avoided or prohibited. The main reasoning behind these measures is preventing that healthcare systems become overloaded. As of 2021 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are available, but these do not guarantee 100% risk reduction and it will take a while for the world to reach a sufficient immune status. This raises the question whether and under which conditions events like theater shows, conferences, professional sports events, concerts and festivals can be organized. The current paper presents a COVID-19 Risk taxation method for (large scale) events. This method can be applied to events to define an alternative package of measures replacing generic social distancing.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hassan Gillani ◽  
Sumaira Omer ◽  
Hafsa Arshad ◽  
Wenchen Liu ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
...  

Objective: To determine the awareness and attitudes of the Pakistani population regarding physician–pharmaceutical company interactions.Methods: The data were collected from primary health care clinics and pharmacy outlets located within cities of six randomly selected districts of the Punjab Province. Those individuals (age ≥18 years) who have just completed their visit to the physician and well understand Urdu language were approached. Descriptive analysis was performed for all variables by using SPSS (IBM version 26).Results: A total of 3,852 participants fully completed the study out of 4,301 (response rate 89.5%). Of those, 30.9% were female; two-thirds (66.7%) were aware of drug representatives’ visits to clinics. The majority were aware of pharmaceutical company material presence (or absence) in the physicians’ rooms (56.6%), company items with logos (66.8%), patient education materials (73.4%), and 60.8% thought that receiving gifts from companies was “wrong/unethical” practice for physicians, which was lower in comparison to other professions such as judges to accept gifts from lawyers (65.6%) and professional sports umpires to acknowledge gifts (64.3%). A minority said that they have lower trust on physicians for using drug company notepads or pens (16.7%), going on trips sponsored by the company (16.7%), accepting gifts <15,000 PKR (90.3 US$) (26.7%), and accepting gifts >15,000 PKR (90.3 US$) (40.0%).Conclusion: Survey participants were well aware of physician–pharmaceutical company interactions. Participants were more knowledgeable regarding the pharmaceutical company presence (or absence) in physicians’ offices than about gift-related practices of physicians. Trust on the physician was not affected by small gifts but by the large gifts.


Author(s):  
Anthony Weldon ◽  
Michael J. Duncan ◽  
Anthony Turner ◽  
Robert G. Lockie ◽  
Irineu Loturco

Author(s):  
Larissa Vent ◽  
Stephan Schiemann ◽  
Philipp Alexander Freund

Abstract. Young athletes face mental challenges both in competitive sports and in school. High self-efficacy and self-regulation competence contribute to an individual’s ability to successfully master these challenges. The present study links the domains of competitive sports and academic education by investigating the relationships of self-efficacy and self-regulation to performance in mathematics lessons. Here, we compare competitive rowers ( n = 239) and “regular” students ( n = 171; total N = 410). The competitive rowers showed a higher subjective expectation of self-efficacy, which in both groups had a positive effect on mathematics grades. While self-regulation had a mediating effect on the competitive rowers in this context, we observed no significant effect for the regular students. The study provides evidence that competitive athletes are apt to use psychosocial resources fostered by professional sports training across domains.


2021 ◽  
pp. 152700252110595
Author(s):  
Marco Runkel

Competitive balance regulation is more widespread in North American than in Europan sports leagues. The present paper addresses the question whether this observation can be explained with the help of differences in the degree of player mobility. Using an extended version of the workhorse contest model of sports leagues, the paper shows that the answer depends on the kind of competitive balance regulation. While player mobility may help to explain the difference with respect to salary regulation (e.g., salary caps), the choice of revenue sharing schemes turns out to be independent of player mobility.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-311
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr I. Matviyenka

The article discusses ways to improve the investment regulation of professional sports organizations. The approaches of scientists and researchers in the world economic thought to the problem under study are considered. The effectiveness of professional sports as a type of economic activity in the structure of the national economy of the Republic of Belarus is noted. Based on the assessment of the economic efficiency of the functioning of professional sports organizations in the Republic of Belarus, the analysis of normative legal acts and effective foreign experience, a method of effective regulation of investments in the development of a professional sports organization is proposed, which includes a model of investment regulation and methodological recommendations for maximizing income. In contrast to the existing practice, a holistic system has lined that takes into account the management, marketing, export, information technology, innovation and investment potentials of a professional sports organization. The carried out tested developed methodology for optimize the investment regulation of a professional sports organization on the subject for compliance with real market conditions on the example of the football club of the highest League of the Republic of Belarus Shakhtyor (Soligorsk), the results showed a positive economic effect of organization and revealed directions for the development of its supporting segments.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
G. A. Katin ◽  
A. A. Furenko

The article discusses the features of sports league services. Special attention is paid to the factors that influence the formation of the nomenclature of sports league services, as a structured list of products offered that may be in the league’s assortment. As the main of such factors, consumers are singled out, which make it possible to divide the services of sports leagues into commercial and non–commercial. The development of these groups of the range of services of sports leagues occurs in different ways. The main sources of profit in the activities of professional sports leagues are the sale of tickets and season tickets for sports competitions, the sale of rights to television and radio broadcasts of competitions, advertising and sponsorship and licensing and commercial activities of clubs. The problems of the formation of the nomenclature of sports league services are highlighted — this is the lack of market conditions, competition and demand, as well as the lack of consumer orientation. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the proposal to form a range of sports league services based on the use of active marketing, analysis of the solvency of the main consumer groups, as well as the introduction of innovative services using digital technologies.


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