scholarly journals Effect of long term fertilization on phosphorus dynamics in root zone environment under finger millet - Maize cropping sequence

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1383-1389
Author(s):  
Kalaiselvi K. ◽  
D. Jayanthi ◽  
P. Santhy ◽  
M. Gnanachitra ◽  
B. Gokila
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
High Stage ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soluble P

In an agro-ecosystem, phosphorus (P) is found in organic and an inorganic form which includes soluble P, sorbed P and mineral bounded P. In soil, added P sources undergo various soil processes like mineralization, immobilization, precipitation, weathering, dissolution, sorption and desorption. For understanding the P dynamics in clay loam (Vertic Ustropept) soil, the present study was undertaken in P dynamics under rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere environment of maize in Long Term Fertilizer Experiment at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The results revealed that the fractions of various pools of inorganic NaOH extractable Fe - P, H2SO4 extractable Ca- P, NH4F extractable Al- P, NH4Cl extractable Saloid P and Na citrate - Dithionate extractable Reductant soluble P were dominant in the non-rhizospheric soil than rhizospheric environment. The order of inorganic P fractions in the non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric region of the soil was found as Ca-P > Fe-P > Al-P > Reductant soluble-P > Saloid P and the knee-high stage of the non - rhizosphere soil recorded the highest inorganic as well organic P fractions. Irrespective of P fractions, Ca – P was recorded high (192.5 &  186.7 mg kg-1 ) followed by Fe - P (40.8& 34.9 mg kg-1) at a knee-high stage in non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere, respectively. Practising various nutrient management systems, application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer along with FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T8) recorded significant changes in all inorganic (Ca-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Reductant soluble-P, Saloid P), organic fractions and also Total P followed by 150% NPK (T3) in sandy clay loam soil. Nowadays, increasing demand for P fertilizer in India, judicious use of P fertilizer is important. Despite that, intensively cultivated soils have a lot of P reserves like organic and inorganic P pools and effective way of P transformation management could reduce the quantum of P fertilization in soil.

Relationship of soil phosphorus fractions to phosphorus soil tests and fertilizer response

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Available P ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test P

Soil tests for available P may not be accurate because they do not measure the appropriate P fraction in soil. A sequential extraction technique (modified Hedley method) was used to determine if soil test P methods were accurately assessing available pools and if predictions of fertilizer response could be improved by the inclusion of other soil P fractions. A total of 145 soils were analyzed from field P fertilizer experiments conducted across Alberta from 1991 to 1993. Inorganic P (Pi) removed by extraction with an anion-exchange resin (resin P) was highly correlated with the Olsen and Kelowna-type soil test P methods and had a similar relationship with P fertilizer response. No appreciable improvement in the fit of available P with P fertilizer response was achieved by including any of the less available P fractions in the regression of P fertilizer response with available P. Little Pi was extractable in alkaline solutions (bicarbonate and NaOH), particularly in soils from the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones. Alkaline fractions were the most closely related to resin P, but the relationship depended on soil zone. Inorganic P extractable in dilute HCl was most strongly correlated with soil pH, reflecting accumulation in calcareous soils, while Pi extractable in concentrated acids (HCl and H2SO4) was most strongly correlated with clay concentration. A positive but weak relationship as observed between these fractions and resin P. Complete fractionation of soil P confirmed that soil test P methods were assessing exchangeable, plant-available P. Key words: Hedley phosphorus fractionation, resin, Olsen, Kelowna

EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Soluble P

Brief exposure of rats to a cold environment increased the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the inorganic P, 20-min. hydrolyzable P, and total acid-soluble P of the adrenal gland. This increase was abolished by the administration of sodium ascorbate. Similar quantities of sodium succinate were without effect. The effect of ascorbate was largely due to the fact that it increased the phosphorus metabolism of the adrenals of rats maintained at room temperature. ACTH increased the incorporation of P32 into the acid-soluble P fractions of the adrenal of hypophysectomized rats. This effect of ACTH was greatly increased by sodium ascorbate. These results confirm the suggestion of Dugal that sodium ascorbate may potentiate the effect of ACTH.

Organic management and legume presence maintained phosphorus bioavailability in a 17-year field crop experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Gallaher ◽  
Sieglinde S. Snapp
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Term Management

AbstractLegumes have been shown to enhance bioavailability of phosphorus (P) from sparingly soluble pools, yet this functional trait remains underutilized in agriculture, and is untested at decadal scales. Management and legume presence effects on temporal soil properties were evaluated in a 17-year field crop experiment using soil samples collected in 1992, 2000 and 2006. Management systems compared included: (1) conventional corn–soybean–wheat rotation (C–S–W), (2) organic (C–S–W+red clover), (3) alfalfa and (4) early successional field. To evaluate the effects of long-term management versus recent management (residues and P fertilizer) on P and bio-availability to soybean, subplots of soybean were established with and without P-fertilizer (30 kg P ha−1), and compared to subplots and main plot with the long-term system. We evaluated soil properties (C, total P, Bray extractable inorganic P, particulate organic matter phosphorus) and soybean P uptake, biomass and yield. Recent fertilizer P inputs had no detectable influence on soil P, and total soil P stayed stable at ~350 mg P kg−1, whereas inorganic P (Pi) declined from an initial value of 54 to an average of 35 mg P kg−1. A P balance was constructed and showed a net loss of −96.7 kg P ha−1 yr−1 for the organic system, yet Bray-Pi and soybean P uptake were maintained under organic production at similar levels to the conventional, fertilized system. Particulate organic matter P was 57, 82 and 128% higher in organic, alfalfa and successional treatments, respectively, compared to conventional. A similar pattern was observed for soil C, soybean yield and bioavailable P, which were 20–50% higher in the organic, alfalfa and successional systems relative to conventional. This study provides evidence that long-term management history influences bioavailability of P.

EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 919-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Soluble P

Brief exposure of rats to a cold environment increased the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the inorganic P, 20-min. hydrolyzable P, and total acid-soluble P of the adrenal gland. This increase was abolished by the administration of sodium ascorbate. Similar quantities of sodium succinate were without effect. The effect of ascorbate was largely due to the fact that it increased the phosphorus metabolism of the adrenals of rats maintained at room temperature. ACTH increased the incorporation of P32 into the acid-soluble P fractions of the adrenal of hypophysectomized rats. This effect of ACTH was greatly increased by sodium ascorbate. These results confirm the suggestion of Dugal that sodium ascorbate may potentiate the effect of ACTH.

EFFECT OF COLD STRESS ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Soluble P

Observations were made on the effects of cold stress (3° ± 1 °C.) on the concentration of phosphorus and the incorporation of inorganic phosphate labelled with radioactive phosphorus (P32) into the following P-containing fractions in the rat: the inorganic P of the plasma, the inorganic P, 20-min. hydrolyzable P, and total acid-soluble P of the adrenal gland. With short periods of cold stress (2, 3, 6, 24 hr.) there was an increase in the relative specific activity of each of the adrenal fractions, greatest for an exposure of 2–3 hr. and least for 24 hr., with no significant change in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the plasma. With longer periods in the cold (2, 4, 8, 16 days), in addition to the usual increase in adrenal weight, there was an increase in the relative specific activity of each of the three acid-soluble P fractions of the adrenal. The increase in specific activity was not due to a decrease in the concentration of P in any of the fractions.Evidence is presented for the view that this change in the phosphorus metabolism of the adrenal can be interpreted in terms of an increase in the rate at which inorganic P32 passes across the cell membrane, i.e. from the extracellular to the cellular fluid. It is suggested that the change after a short (2–3 hr.) exposure to the cold is brought about by the stimulation of the adrenal cortex by endogenous ACTH from the pituitary. The change after longer (several days) exposures may be related to the function of the thyroid gland.

EFFECT OF COLD STRESS ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Soluble P

Observations were made on the effects of cold stress (3° ± 1 °C.) on the concentration of phosphorus and the incorporation of inorganic phosphate labelled with radioactive phosphorus (P32) into the following P-containing fractions in the rat: the inorganic P of the plasma, the inorganic P, 20-min. hydrolyzable P, and total acid-soluble P of the adrenal gland. With short periods of cold stress (2, 3, 6, 24 hr.) there was an increase in the relative specific activity of each of the adrenal fractions, greatest for an exposure of 2–3 hr. and least for 24 hr., with no significant change in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the plasma. With longer periods in the cold (2, 4, 8, 16 days), in addition to the usual increase in adrenal weight, there was an increase in the relative specific activity of each of the three acid-soluble P fractions of the adrenal. The increase in specific activity was not due to a decrease in the concentration of P in any of the fractions.Evidence is presented for the view that this change in the phosphorus metabolism of the adrenal can be interpreted in terms of an increase in the rate at which inorganic P32 passes across the cell membrane, i.e. from the extracellular to the cellular fluid. It is suggested that the change after a short (2–3 hr.) exposure to the cold is brought about by the stimulation of the adrenal cortex by endogenous ACTH from the pituitary. The change after longer (several days) exposures may be related to the function of the thyroid gland.

Long-term changes in Mehlich-3 extractable P and K in a sandy clay loam soil under continuous corn (Zea mays L.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Q. Zhang ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie ◽  
B. C. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
P Removal

Rates of change of soil nutrient levels during crop production can be used to evaluate the long-term economic value and sustainability of fertilizer practices. Objectives were to quantify changes in Mehlich-3 extractable P and K due to additions of inorganic and manure P and K in corn (Zea mays L.) production. Surface (0–20 cm) and subsoil (20–40 cm) samples were collected after harvest from 1984 to 1993 on a Chicot sandy clay loam soil (Grey Brown Luvisol) fertilized with two rates of inorganic P and K and with dairy manure. Manure P at 60 kg P ha−1 plus inorganic fertilizer P at 132 kg ha−1 yr−1 increased extractable P 1.0 kg for every 4.2 kg added P if only topsoil was considered, for every 3.2 kg added P if corn grain P removal was deducted, and for every 2.8 kg added P if subsoil increases were included but corn P uptake excluded, and 2.1 kg added P with subsoil P included and corn P removal deducted. Without manure, 132 kg P ha−1 yr−1 increased Mehlich-3 extractable P by 1.0 kg for every 8.1 kg P added, or 5.3 kg P added if corn P removal was deducted from added fertilizer P. At the low rate of 44 kg P ha−1 with manure P, Mehlich-3 levels increased by 1.0 kg P for every 5.2 kg added fertilizer P. Extractable P remained constant when inorganic fertilizer P was added without manure, probably because crop removals equalled fertilizer additions. Mehlich-3 extractable K increased in both top soil and subsoil at rates of 141 and 332 kg ha−1 yr−1 inorganic K except for the 141 K rate in the final four years when no manure was applied. When both soil depths were included and summed over all years, values of added K to increase extractable K by 1.0 kg ranged from 4.2 to 5.5 kg, regardless of source or rate of added K. To increase soil test P, manure combined with high P rates was more effective per unit added P than low P rates or added P without manure. Either form or rate of added K was equivalent in increasing extractable K. Key words: Long-term fertilization, continuous corn, organic manure P, inorganic P, Mehlich-3 extractable P, Mehlich-3 extractable K

scholarly journals Comparison of fractionation methods for soil phosphorus with soils subjected to various long-term fertilization regimes on a calcareous soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e3
Author(s):  
Xin Jin ◽  
Changlu Hu ◽  
Asif Khan ◽  
Shulan Zhang ◽  
Xueyun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P

Background Diverse phosphorus (P) fractionation procedures presented varying soil P fractions, which directly affected P contents and forms, and their biological availability. Purpose To facilitate the selection of phosphorus (P) fractionation techniques, we compared two procedures based on a long-term experiment on a calcareous soil. Methods The soils containing a gradient P levels were sampled from seven treatments predictor under various long-term fertilizations. The P fractions were then separated independently with both fractionation procedures modified by Tiessen-Moir and Jiang-Gu. Results The results showed that the labile P in Jiang-Gu is significantly lower than that in Tiessen-Moir. The iron and aluminium-bounded P were greater in Jiang-Gu by a maximum of 46 mg kg−1 than Tiessen-Moir. Jiang-Gu fractionation gave similar Ca bounded P to that Tiessen-Moir did at low P level but greater contents at high P level. The two methods extracted much comparable total inorganic P. However, Tiessen-Moir method accounted less total organic P than ignition or Jiang-Gu method (the organic P (Po) estimated by subtract the total inorganic P (Pi) in Jiang-Gu fractionation from the total). P uptake by winter wheat was significantly and positively correlated with all phosphorus fractions in Jiang-Gu; Resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, D. HCl-P, C. HCl-Pi, NaOH-Po, total-Po in Tiessen-Moir; P fraction categories of Ca-P, Fe & Al-P and total-Pi in both fractionations. Path coefficients indicated that Ca2-P in Jiang-Gu, NaHCO3-Pi and D. HCl-P in Tiessen-Moir had the higher and more significant direct contributions to P uptake among P fractions measured. Conclusions Our results suggested that Jiang-Gu procedure is a better predictor in soil P fractionation in calcareous soils, although it gives no results on organic P fractions.

scholarly journals Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iggy Litaor ◽  
James Ippolito ◽  
Iris Zohar ◽  
Michael Massey
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
X Ray ◽  
P Fertilizer

Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.

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