EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Soluble P

Brief exposure of rats to a cold environment increased the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the inorganic P, 20-min. hydrolyzable P, and total acid-soluble P of the adrenal gland. This increase was abolished by the administration of sodium ascorbate. Similar quantities of sodium succinate were without effect. The effect of ascorbate was largely due to the fact that it increased the phosphorus metabolism of the adrenals of rats maintained at room temperature. ACTH increased the incorporation of P32 into the acid-soluble P fractions of the adrenal of hypophysectomized rats. This effect of ACTH was greatly increased by sodium ascorbate. These results confirm the suggestion of Dugal that sodium ascorbate may potentiate the effect of ACTH.

EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 919-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Soluble P

Brief exposure of rats to a cold environment increased the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the inorganic P, 20-min. hydrolyzable P, and total acid-soluble P of the adrenal gland. This increase was abolished by the administration of sodium ascorbate. Similar quantities of sodium succinate were without effect. The effect of ascorbate was largely due to the fact that it increased the phosphorus metabolism of the adrenals of rats maintained at room temperature. ACTH increased the incorporation of P32 into the acid-soluble P fractions of the adrenal of hypophysectomized rats. This effect of ACTH was greatly increased by sodium ascorbate. These results confirm the suggestion of Dugal that sodium ascorbate may potentiate the effect of ACTH.

EFFECT OF COLD STRESS ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Soluble P

Observations were made on the effects of cold stress (3° ± 1 °C.) on the concentration of phosphorus and the incorporation of inorganic phosphate labelled with radioactive phosphorus (P32) into the following P-containing fractions in the rat: the inorganic P of the plasma, the inorganic P, 20-min. hydrolyzable P, and total acid-soluble P of the adrenal gland. With short periods of cold stress (2, 3, 6, 24 hr.) there was an increase in the relative specific activity of each of the adrenal fractions, greatest for an exposure of 2–3 hr. and least for 24 hr., with no significant change in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the plasma. With longer periods in the cold (2, 4, 8, 16 days), in addition to the usual increase in adrenal weight, there was an increase in the relative specific activity of each of the three acid-soluble P fractions of the adrenal. The increase in specific activity was not due to a decrease in the concentration of P in any of the fractions.Evidence is presented for the view that this change in the phosphorus metabolism of the adrenal can be interpreted in terms of an increase in the rate at which inorganic P32 passes across the cell membrane, i.e. from the extracellular to the cellular fluid. It is suggested that the change after a short (2–3 hr.) exposure to the cold is brought about by the stimulation of the adrenal cortex by endogenous ACTH from the pituitary. The change after longer (several days) exposures may be related to the function of the thyroid gland.

EFFECT OF COLD STRESS ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Soluble P

Observations were made on the effects of cold stress (3° ± 1 °C.) on the concentration of phosphorus and the incorporation of inorganic phosphate labelled with radioactive phosphorus (P32) into the following P-containing fractions in the rat: the inorganic P of the plasma, the inorganic P, 20-min. hydrolyzable P, and total acid-soluble P of the adrenal gland. With short periods of cold stress (2, 3, 6, 24 hr.) there was an increase in the relative specific activity of each of the adrenal fractions, greatest for an exposure of 2–3 hr. and least for 24 hr., with no significant change in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the plasma. With longer periods in the cold (2, 4, 8, 16 days), in addition to the usual increase in adrenal weight, there was an increase in the relative specific activity of each of the three acid-soluble P fractions of the adrenal. The increase in specific activity was not due to a decrease in the concentration of P in any of the fractions.Evidence is presented for the view that this change in the phosphorus metabolism of the adrenal can be interpreted in terms of an increase in the rate at which inorganic P32 passes across the cell membrane, i.e. from the extracellular to the cellular fluid. It is suggested that the change after a short (2–3 hr.) exposure to the cold is brought about by the stimulation of the adrenal cortex by endogenous ACTH from the pituitary. The change after longer (several days) exposures may be related to the function of the thyroid gland.

Phosphorus Metabolism of the Adrenal Gland of the Rat

1956 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Prior Administration

Observations were made on the incorporation of inorganic phosphate labeled with P32 into the inorganic P, 20-minute hydrolyzable P and total acid-soluble P of the adrenal gland of rats either maintained at room temperature (22 ± 1°C) or conditioned to cold (3 ± 1°C). In confirmation of previous findings, there was an increase in the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the acid-soluble P of the adrenal of the rats maintained in the cold. Exposure to more severe cold (–5°C) for 2 hours, caused a great increase in the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the acid-soluble P of the adrenal of the nonacclimatized rats, compared to a slight, and statistically insignificant, increase in the acclimatized animals. The adrenal response to cold in the nonacclimatized rats was greatly decreased by the prior administration of cortisone.

PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND: THE MECHANISM OF THE CHANGE AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Riedel ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Fluid Compartment ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Isotope Equilibrium

The specific activity of the intracellular inorganic phosphate (P) of the adrenal gland relative to that of the inorganic P of the plasma is significantly decreased in hypophysectomized rats at time intervals as long as 16 hr. after the injection of inorganic P labelled with P32. The specific activity of the intracellular inorganic P was determined (1) by measuring the specific activity of the easily-hydrolyzable acid-soluble P, which rapidly comes into isotope equilibrium with the intracellular inorganic P, (2) by calculation, from the specific activity of the inorganic P of the whole adrenal, assuming values for the specific activity and the concentration of the inorganic P of the extracellular fluid and the volume of the extracellular fluid compartment, and (3) by measuring the specific activities of the inorganic P of both the adrenal gland and the plasma at a series of time intervals after the injection of the P32. It is concluded that the decrease in the relative specific activity of the intracellular inorganic P of the adrenal is the result of a slowing in the passage of inorganic P32 across the cell membrane, i.e. from the extracellular to the intracellular fluid.

PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND: THE MECHANISM OF THE CHANGE AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Riedel ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Fluid Compartment ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Isotope Equilibrium

The specific activity of the intracellular inorganic phosphate (P) of the adrenal gland relative to that of the inorganic P of the plasma is significantly decreased in hypophysectomized rats at time intervals as long as 16 hr. after the injection of inorganic P labelled with P32. The specific activity of the intracellular inorganic P was determined (1) by measuring the specific activity of the easily-hydrolyzable acid-soluble P, which rapidly comes into isotope equilibrium with the intracellular inorganic P, (2) by calculation, from the specific activity of the inorganic P of the whole adrenal, assuming values for the specific activity and the concentration of the inorganic P of the extracellular fluid and the volume of the extracellular fluid compartment, and (3) by measuring the specific activities of the inorganic P of both the adrenal gland and the plasma at a series of time intervals after the injection of the P32. It is concluded that the decrease in the relative specific activity of the intracellular inorganic P of the adrenal is the result of a slowing in the passage of inorganic P32 across the cell membrane, i.e. from the extracellular to the intracellular fluid.

THE EFFECT OF ADRENALINE, HISTAMINE, AND PITRESSIN ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
Carolyn Graham
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Valid Index

The relative specific activity of the inorganic phosphorus of the adrenal gland of rats 2 hours after an intraperitoneal injection of inorganic P32 was increased by the administration of adrenaline, histamine, or commercial pitressin. These substances are all known to cause a depletion of the adrenal ascorbic acid. The effect on the adrenal phosphorus metabolism, like the effect on the adrenal ascorbic acid, was absent or greatly reduced in hypophysectomized rats and in rats previously treated with cortisone.In hypophysectomized rats the administration of exogenous ACTH caused an increase in the relative specific activity of the adrenal inorganic P and, again like the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion, this increase was not abolished by previous treatment with cortisone.These results, together with other observations on adrenal phosphorus metabolism previously reported for rats exposed to a cold environment, strongly suggest that the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the adrenal gland is controlled by the same factors that control the depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid. It is, therefore, concluded that the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the adrenal gland is a valid index of the activity of the adrenal cortex.

THE EFFECT OF ADRENALINE, HISTAMINE, AND PITRESSIN ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
Carolyn Graham
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Valid Index

The relative specific activity of the inorganic phosphorus of the adrenal gland of rats 2 hours after an intraperitoneal injection of inorganic P32 was increased by the administration of adrenaline, histamine, or commercial pitressin. These substances are all known to cause a depletion of the adrenal ascorbic acid. The effect on the adrenal phosphorus metabolism, like the effect on the adrenal ascorbic acid, was absent or greatly reduced in hypophysectomized rats and in rats previously treated with cortisone.In hypophysectomized rats the administration of exogenous ACTH caused an increase in the relative specific activity of the adrenal inorganic P and, again like the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion, this increase was not abolished by previous treatment with cortisone.These results, together with other observations on adrenal phosphorus metabolism previously reported for rats exposed to a cold environment, strongly suggest that the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the adrenal gland is controlled by the same factors that control the depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid. It is, therefore, concluded that the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the adrenal gland is a valid index of the activity of the adrenal cortex.

scholarly journals Effect of long term fertilization on phosphorus dynamics in root zone environment under finger millet - Maize cropping sequence

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1383-1389
Author(s):  
Kalaiselvi K. ◽  
D. Jayanthi ◽  
P. Santhy ◽  
M. Gnanachitra ◽  
B. Gokila
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
High Stage ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soluble P

In an agro-ecosystem, phosphorus (P) is found in organic and an inorganic form which includes soluble P, sorbed P and mineral bounded P. In soil, added P sources undergo various soil processes like mineralization, immobilization, precipitation, weathering, dissolution, sorption and desorption. For understanding the P dynamics in clay loam (Vertic Ustropept) soil, the present study was undertaken in P dynamics under rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere environment of maize in Long Term Fertilizer Experiment at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The results revealed that the fractions of various pools of inorganic NaOH extractable Fe - P, H2SO4 extractable Ca- P, NH4F extractable Al- P, NH4Cl extractable Saloid P and Na citrate - Dithionate extractable Reductant soluble P were dominant in the non-rhizospheric soil than rhizospheric environment. The order of inorganic P fractions in the non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric region of the soil was found as Ca-P > Fe-P > Al-P > Reductant soluble-P > Saloid P and the knee-high stage of the non - rhizosphere soil recorded the highest inorganic as well organic P fractions. Irrespective of P fractions, Ca – P was recorded high (192.5 &  186.7 mg kg-1 ) followed by Fe - P (40.8& 34.9 mg kg-1) at a knee-high stage in non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere, respectively. Practising various nutrient management systems, application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer along with FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T8) recorded significant changes in all inorganic (Ca-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Reductant soluble-P, Saloid P), organic fractions and also Total P followed by 150% NPK (T3) in sandy clay loam soil. Nowadays, increasing demand for P fertilizer in India, judicious use of P fertilizer is important. Despite that, intensively cultivated soils have a lot of P reserves like organic and inorganic P pools and effective way of P transformation management could reduce the quantum of P fertilization in soil.

PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND OF THE RAT: EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO A COLD ENVIRONMENT FOR EIGHT DAYS ON THE AMOUNTS AND P32-LABELLING OF PHOSPHOLIPID AND RIBONUCLEIC ACID

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 543-553
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
F. C. Heagy ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Inorganic P

The incorporation of inorganic phosphate labelled with P32 into the lipid P and ribonucleotide P of the adrenal glands of rats exposed to cold (3 ± 1 °C.) for eight days was measured 16 hr. after the P32 injection. In the cold-exposed animals, there was a decrease in the specific activity of both the lipid P and the ribonucleotide P and also a decrease in the specific activity of the lipid P and the ribonucleotide P relative to that of the inorganic P of the adrenal. The cold exposure caused an increase in the amounts of lipid P, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) per pair of adrenals. There was an increase in the ratio lipid P: DNA-P, but no change in the ratio RNA-P: DNA-P. Calculation showed that the cold exposure caused a decrease in the percentage renewal rate of both lipid P and ribonucleotide P, most of which could be attributed to the increased amounts of lipid P and ribonucleotide P present at the beginning of the isotope experiment. However, when allowance for this was made by calculating the renewal rates of the P of the phospholipid and RNA per pair of adrenals, the values remained slightly less in the cold-exposed animals.

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