Effect of long term fertilization on phosphorus dynamics in root zone environment under finger millet - Maize cropping sequence

In an agro-ecosystem, phosphorus (P) is found in organic and an inorganic form which includes soluble P, sorbed P and mineral bounded P. In soil, added P sources undergo various soil processes like mineralization, immobilization, precipitation, weathering, dissolution, sorption and desorption. For understanding the P dynamics in clay loam (Vertic Ustropept) soil, the present study was undertaken in P dynamics under rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere environment of maize in Long Term Fertilizer Experiment at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The results revealed that the fractions of various pools of inorganic NaOH extractable Fe - P, H2SO4 extractable Ca- P, NH4F extractable Al- P, NH4Cl extractable Saloid P and Na citrate - Dithionate extractable Reductant soluble P were dominant in the non-rhizospheric soil than rhizospheric environment. The order of inorganic P fractions in the non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric region of the soil was found as Ca-P > Fe-P > Al-P > Reductant soluble-P > Saloid P and the knee-high stage of the non - rhizosphere soil recorded the highest inorganic as well organic P fractions. Irrespective of P fractions, Ca – P was recorded high (192.5 & 186.7 mg kg-1 ) followed by Fe - P (40.8& 34.9 mg kg-1) at a knee-high stage in non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere, respectively. Practising various nutrient management systems, application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer along with FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T8) recorded significant changes in all inorganic (Ca-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Reductant soluble-P, Saloid P), organic fractions and also Total P followed by 150% NPK (T3) in sandy clay loam soil. Nowadays, increasing demand for P fertilizer in India, judicious use of P fertilizer is important. Despite that, intensively cultivated soils have a lot of P reserves like organic and inorganic P pools and effective way of P transformation management could reduce the quantum of P fertilization in soil.

Effect of Integrated Approach on Growth and Yield Attributes of Maize

The investigation was carried out in sandy loam soils at college farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad during kharif, 2019. From results it can be concluded that growth parameters which were recorded at 30 days after sowing (DAS), Knee-high stage, 60 DAS and at harvest like SPAD, leaf area and at flowering parameters like days to 50% tasseling and silking were shown highest in treatment T5-RDF + FYM enrichment with 50 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 and also it was on par with T7-RDF + ZSB (1kg/100 kg FYM) + 0.2% Foliar spray of ZnSO4 (Knee-high and Tasseling stages). Similar trends has been recorded in case of yield attributes like number of rows cob-1, number of kernels row-1, total no. of kernels cob-1, kernels weight cob-1 and test weight.

The utility of the standardized uptake value, metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis as predictive markers of recurrent breast cancer

Background Breast cancer is the second leading cancer killer of women globally. An early measure utilizing a noninvasive molecular marker for predicting cancer aggressiveness is important to better manage the patient and to avert early disease progression. We aimed to determine whether metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) are able to predict risk in high TNM tumor staging and the need for the appropriate treatment in breast cancer patients. This is a retrospective study of confirmed breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant, local and adjuvant treatment and follow-up. The 18F-FDG PET/CT study for initial staging was performed, and metabolic parameters (MTV, TLG, SUVmax mean) were analyzed. Spearman correlation was used to assess correlations between metabolic parameters and clinicopathological factors with TNM staging and treatment intention. SUVmean, wbMTV and wbTLG were analyzed to predict the dichotomization of patient endpoint for low (stage I and II) and high (stage III and IV) TNM stage. Results Twenty-six patients (4 low stage, 22 high stage) with a mean age of 51.8 ± 11.8 years with confirmed breast cancer underwent 18FFDG PET/CT. The MTV and TLG parameters in the tumor (T) were significantly correlated with the TNM stage (P < 0.050); the SUVmax mean (4.18 ± 1.68 g/dl), wbMTV mean (404.68 ± 558.02 cm3) and wbTLG (1756.55 ± 2432.11 g) differed significantly in the high versus low TNM staging with the best predictive cut-off value of SUVmax mean (3.55 g/ml, p < 0.05), wbMTV (20 cm3, p < 0.05) and wbTLG (130 g, p < 0.05) when these values were exceeded. Only wbTLG (130 g, p < 0.05) showed significance difference in treatment intention. Conclusions In this study, the metabolic parameters SUVmax mean, MTV and TLG showed potential good relationships with TNM staging. TLG was the only marker that influenced the treatment intention in predicting breast cancer aggressiveness.

EP.TH.528The Accuracy of the Multi-slice detector CT Scan (MDCT) in staging borderline resectable periampullary carcinoma

Objectives Assess MDCT accuracy in staging cancers periampullary cancers. Introduction Periampullary malignancies are highly aggressive with poor outcomes. Surgery is the only curative option. It is crucial to define the patients who can advantage from a Whipple’s resection and who can avoid. Methodology and Results RCT investigated randomly 28 patients over 15 months. The patients were sub-divided into 2 groups. Group A, we relied mainly on the MDCT for preoperative staging, while in Group B staging laparoscopy was added before the abdominal exploration. Sensitivity of the MDCT and its accuracy were 100% in defining the signs of irresectability. For borderline staging, the accuracy of the scan was 62.5% and 71%, in groups A and B. The Overall accuracy of MDCT was 75%. It decreased to 68.1% for borderline lesions. The addition of staging laparoscopy to the diagnostic work up, increased the accuracy to 92.5%. The camera test was able to see occult findings which were missed in the images. liver Mets and malignant peritoneal fluid were localized in 18% and 9% respectively. 3 cases in group A and one in group B underwent unnecessary laparotomy. Thus, the false negative incidences were 21% and 7% in group A and B, with overall incidence 14.2%. Conclusion MDCT is highly sensitive and specific with high stage periampullary cancers. These parameters drop in border tumors with reduced accuracy in detecting the degree of vascular abutment and distant-occult findings. Addition of other adjuncts to decrease the rate of un-indicated laparotomy is advised.

Increased risk of postsurgical macular edema in high stage idiopathic epiretinal membranes

Purpose To assess the rate of occurrence and the risk factors of postsurgical macular edema (PSME) in eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) or full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Methods Retrospective longitudinal analysis of all subjects scheduled for vitrectomy with or without combined cataract surgery over a 6-month period. Electronic medical charts and imaging data were analyzed preoperatively and at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Results From 101 patients diagnosed with iERM or FTMH, 71 patients were eligible for the study. Forty-nine eyes with iERM (69.0%) and 22 eyes with FTMH (31.0%) underwent vitrectomy either isolated (31.0%) or combined with cataract extraction (69.0%). The overall rate of PSME was 26.7%, without differences between the two groups (P = 0.9479). Combined cataract extraction did not affect the overall occurrence of PSME rate in both groups (P = 0.9255 in FTMH and P = 0.8658 in iERM). If grouped by stage, eyes with stage 4 iERM though disclosed an increased rate of PSME (57.1%) compared to lower (1 to 3) stages (14.3%, P = 0.0021), particularly when combined with cataract surgery (71.4% vs. 15.4% in stages ≤ 3, P = 0.0021). The PSME odds ratio for a stage 4 iERM is 8 (95% CI: 1.933–33.1; P = 0.0041) compared to stages 3 and below. Conclusions PSME remains a clinically relevant and frequent event after surgery for iERM and FTMH. Patients with stage 4 iERM have an 8-fold higher likelihood of developing PSME in a 6-month postsurgical period compared to iERM in 1–3 stages, especially when combined with cataract extraction.

Plasma BRAF Mutation Detection for the Diagnostic and Monitoring Trajectory of Patients with LDH-High Stage IV Melanoma

For patients with newly diagnosed metastatic melanoma, rapid BRAF mutation (mBRAF) assessment is vital to promptly initiate systemic therapy. Additionally, blood-based biomarkers are desired to monitor and predict treatment response. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has shown great promise for minimally invasive mBRAF assessment and treatment monitoring, but validation studies are needed. This prospective study utilized longitudinal plasma samples at regular timepoints (0, 6, 12, 18 weeks) to address the clinical validity of ctDNA measurements in stage IV melanoma patients with elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH > 250U/L) starting first-line systemic treatment. Using droplet digital PCR, the plasma mBRAF abundance was assessed in 53 patients with a BRAFV600 tissue mutation. Plasma mBRAF was detected in 50/51 patients at baseline (98% sensitivity; median fraction abundance of 19.5%) and 0/17 controls (100% specificity). Patients in whom plasma mBRAF became undetectable during the first 12–18 weeks of treatment had a longer progression-free survival (30.2 vs. 4.0 months; p < 0.001) and cancer-specific survival (not reached vs. 10.2 months; p < 0.001) compared to patients with detectable mBRAF. The ctDNA dynamics outperformed LDH and S100 dynamics. These results confirm the clinical validity of ctDNA measurements as a minimally invasive biomarker for the diagnostic and monitoring trajectory of patients with LDH-high stage IV melanoma.

Impact of Temperature on the Phase Transition TiO2 Nanoparticles

Unadulterated TiO2 nanoparticles have been set up by a novel Photon Induced Method (PIM) without antecedent alteration. The pre-arranged example has been calcinated at 500°C, 700°C and 1000°C to consider the impact of calcinations temperature on the security, stage and morphology of TiO2. XRD investigation uncovers an intriguing aftereffect of increment with regards to stage dependability. This might be accounted to the oxygen extravagance of the example which has been affirmed through EDAX. XRD results likewise revel a stage change from anatase to rutile with expanding calcination temperature. The morphologic examination performed with HRSEM and HRTEM revel a change from nanoparticles to nanorods. The development of TiO2 is affirmed through the Ti-O vibrational tops in FTIR and the band hole of the examples have been inspected with UV-vis Spectrophotometer. The pre-arranged examples with such high stage steadiness might be applied for photocatalytic application.