The Effect of Residential Mobility on Student Performance: Evidence From New York City

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1380-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Cordes ◽  
Amy Ellen Schwartz ◽  
Leanna Stiefel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
York City ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Positive Effects

Residential mobility is likely to have consequences for student performance, but prior empirical work is largely correlational and offers little insight into its impacts. Using rich, longitudinal data, we estimate the effects of residential mobility on the performance of New York City public school students. Using both student fixed effects and instrumental variables approaches, we find that long-distance moves have negative effects, while short-distance moves improve student performance. These differential effects are partially, but not fully, explained by school mobility. Rather, the positive effects of short-distance moves may be explained by improvements in housing, while the negative impacts of long-distance moves may be explained by lower performance relative to school peers and loss of social capital.

Does attending a STEM high school improve student performance? Evidence from New York City

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wiswall ◽  
Leanna Stiefel ◽  
Amy Ellen Schwartz ◽  
Jessica Boccardo
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
York City ◽  
Improve Student Performance

Long-Distance, “Sensory-Bombardment” ESP in Dreams: A Failure to Replicate

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Foulkes ◽  
Edward Belvedere ◽  
R. E. L. Masters ◽  
Jean Houston ◽  
Stanley Krippner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Sleep Laboratory ◽  
Dream Recall ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
True Target

An attempt was made to replicate findings of positive telepathic influence on dream content where the sender views audio-visual programs in a “sensory bombardment” chamber and the recipient's dreams are collected on experimental arousals in an EEG sleep laboratory. In the original study (Krippner, Honorton, Ullman, Masters, & Houston, 1971), agent- S distance was 14 miles; here it was approximately 2000 miles: the agent viewed programs in New York City while S slept in Wyoming. 8 female Ss were selected on the basis of prior telepathic experience, favorable attitudes toward telepathy, good dream recall, and rapport with the agent, who was a well-known “psychic.” Each slept for one experimental night, during which the agent viewed an audio-visual program randomly selected from a pool of such programs and constructed around a single theme. At the conclusion of the study, 3 judges were given the dreams, grouped by S, viewed the 8 audio-visual programs the agent had seen, and ranked the 8 programs for their correspondence to each S‘s dreams. High rankings (1–4) of the true target were considered “hits,” low rankings (5–8) “misses.” Median judge rankings of true targets failed to reveal a significant long-distance, “sensory bombardment” telepathic influence on Ss' dreams.

In Pursuit of the Common Good: The Spillover Effects of Charter Schools on Public School Students in New York City

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Cordes
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Public School ◽  
Charter Schools ◽  
Teacher Perceptions ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Charter School ◽  
York City ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
School Level

A particularly controversial topic in current education policy is the expansion of the charter school sector. This paper analyzes the spillover effects of charter schools on traditional public school (TPS) students in New York City. I exploit variation in both the timing of charter school entry and distance to the nearest charter school to obtain credibly causal estimates of the impacts of charter schools on TPS student performance, and I am among the first to estimate the impacts of charter school co-location. I further add to the literature by exploring potential mechanisms for these findings with school-level data on per pupil expenditures (PPE), and parent and teacher perceptions of schools. Briefly, I find charter schools significantly increase TPS student performance in both English Language Arts and math, and decrease the probability of grade retention. Effects increase with charter school proximity and are largest in TPSs co-located with charter schools. Potential explanations for improved performance include increased PPE, academic expectations, student engagement, and a more respectful and safe school environment after charter entry. The findings suggest that more charter schools in New York City may be beneficial at the margin, and co-location may be mutually beneficial for charter and traditional public schools.

Toward more effective data use in teaching

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
York City ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Data Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Student Performance Data ◽  
Effective Data Use

Joseph P. McDonald reports findings from a study of nine poverty-impacted schools in New York City striving to more effectively use student performance data in teaching. The study was one of 13 studies of data use at the classroom level across the United States funded by the Spencer Foundation -- an effort intended to fill a serious gap in research evidence on this policy-championed innovation. The article illuminates components of data use systems most associated with success in boosting student learning. It concludes that this sensible but complicated innovation can likely not be implemented well without distributed on-site leadership that includes teachers.

Does demand lead supply? Gentrifiers and developers in the sequence of gentrification, New York City 2009–2016

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802094059
Author(s):  
Kasey Zapatka ◽  
Brenden Beck
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
York City ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
Home Values

Consumption-side theorists of gentrification examine the flow of middle-class White people into previously working-class neighbourhoods and argue that their demand for housing stimulates gentrification. In contrast, production-side theorists emphasise the movement of capital into previously disinvested neighbourhoods and contend that profit-seeking development increases property values and sparks gentrification. Hybrid theorists argue that consumption and production occur simultaneously. This article operationalises arguments made by each approach, and asks: Do gentrifiers precede rising home values or do rising home values precede gentrifiers? To answer this question of sequence, we build a dataset of census and property tax assessment data for 2192 New York City census tracts between 2009 and 2016. Using cross-lagged regression models with tract and year fixed effects, we find neighbourhoods that experienced an increase in White, middle-class residents had related housing price spikes in each of the subsequent two years. A 1% increase in gentrifiers was associated with a subsequent 2.7% increase in property values. However, housing market growth did not predict future increases in gentrifiers. This suggests that consumption leads production during neighbourhood gentrification, and that developers are reactive, not proactive, in their investment decisions. Focusing on the sequence of gentrification’s subsidiary elements enables city officials, non-profits and social movements to better anticipate gentrification and develop more targeted policies.

Grete Waitz

2016 ◽  
pp. 204-221
Author(s):  
Theresa Walton-Fisette
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Distance Runner ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Marathon Race

Grete Waitz of Norway is marathon running’s first female star. Waitz had trained as a distance runner and found success at various distances before turning her attention to the longer race. Her first marathon race was the famous New York City marathon and expectations for her were low. It was surprising to herself and others when she won her first marathon race. Eventually, Waitz won the NYC marathon nine times and helped establish a foothold for women in the long distance event.

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