Unmeasured Confounding and Racial or Ethnic Disparities in Disability Identification

2021 ◽  
pp. 016237372199157
Author(s):  
Paul L. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Unmeasured Confounding ◽  
Disability Identification

Students who are Black or Hispanic are now reported to be less likely to be identified as having disabilities than similarly situated students who are White. Although repeatedly replicated, this finding is often characterized as in error. I use a new statistical technique, the E-value, to quantify the likelihood that unmeasured confounding explains observed associations between race or ethnicity and disability identification. Results based on calculations across three population-based studies using extensive statistical controls suggest that unmeasured confounding is an unlikely explanation for the observed associations. Unmeasured confounding that would result in levels of overidentification consistent with federal law and regulation is especially unlikely.

Intersectional nativity and racial/ethnic disparities in human papillomavirus vaccination initiation among U.S. women: a national population-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 927-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madina Agénor ◽  
Sarah Abboud ◽  
Jazmine Garcia Delgadillo ◽  
Ashley E. Pérez ◽  
Sarah M. Peitzmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
National Population ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Efektifitas Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bagi Pengguna Internal (Studi Kasus Pada PT Bank Lampung)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhibarsyah Alhibarsyah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Technology System

Abstract To fulfill information needs that are relevant, fast, and accurate, the application of information technology, especially computer-based is inseparable from the role of the three basic components of a computer. The success model of the information technology system developed by DeLone & McLean quickly received a response. PT. Bank Lampung as one of the banking service providers in Lampung, is the object of research to determine how variables affect the level of Quality System, Information Quality, Service Quality, Use and Satisfaction and Use of Benefits, to determine the level of effectiveness in PT Bank Lampung's internal customer management information system. SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) is a multivariate statistical technique that is a combination of factor analysis and regression analysis (correlation), which aims to examine the relationship between variables in the model. To explain the overall relationship that exists between the variables in this study using AMOS software (Moment Structure Analysis). This shows that the sample variance-covariance matrix (observation data) I s the same as the estimated matrix of variance-covariance (population) based on the model built, it is expected that the results of this study KI significantly influence P, KI significantly affects KP, KS influences significant impact on P, significantly affecting KS KP, KL significantly affected P, KL significantly affected KP, P significantly affected KP, P significantly affected M, KP significantly affected M.

Abstract 87: Eighteen-Year Trends in Ischemic Stroke Rates in a Bi-Ethnic Population

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda D Lisabeth ◽  
Devin Brown ◽  
Xingyu Zhang ◽  
Sehee Kim ◽  
Erin Case ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rate Difference ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Using Data

Introduction: Elevated stroke rates in Mexican Americans (MA) compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHW) persisted over the first decade of the 21 st century. Our objective was to investigate recent trends in ischemic stroke (IS) rates by ethnicity and age using data from a longstanding population-based study. Methods: ISs were identified in the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) Project (2000-2017) and validated by neurologists using a clinical definition. Race-ethnicity was from medical records. Annual population counts from the US Census estimated the at-risk population. Poisson regression was used to model sex-adjusted rate trends by ethnicity and age. Time was modeled using linear and quadratic terms. Ethnic differences were assessed using interaction terms between ethnicity and time. Results: 4,883 ISs were identified (median age 70 (IQR:59-80); 56% MA). Trends varied by ethnicity and age (figure). In those 45-59, rates increased substantially in NHWs (104%; p<0.001 for rate difference 2000-2017) but decreased in MAs (-21.4%; p=0.04 for rate difference 2000-2017) such that, for the first time, rates were higher in NHWs. In those 60-74, rates declined in both ethnic groups through 2010-2011 but then increased and more steeply in NHWs thereafter. In those ≥75, rates declined in MAs, declined sharply in NHWs through 2012 and then increased. Conclusions: New patterns in stroke have emerged. Ethnic disparities have declined as a result of increasing rates in NHWs most notably in midlife. Reasons for increasing rates in recent years are unclear but suggest renewed attention to prevention.

scholarly journals Striking Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Liver Cancer Incidence Rates and Temporal Trends in California, 1988–2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1259-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Pham ◽  
Tse-Ling Fong ◽  
Juanjuan Zhang ◽  
Lihua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by disparate risk patterns by race/ethnicity. We examined HCC incidence patterns and temporal trends among detailed racial/ethnic populations, including disaggregated Asian-American subgroups.MethodsUsing data from the population-based California Cancer Registry, we identified 41 929 invasive HCC cases diagnosed during 1988–2012. Patients were grouped into mutually exclusive racial/ethnic groups of non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH black, Hispanic, and NH Asian/Pacific Islander (API), as well as Asian subgroups of Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, and South Asian. Age-adjusted and age-specific incidence rates by sex, race/ethnicity, and time period were calculated. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in incidence rates was estimated using joinpoint regression. All estimates were provided with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAggregated NH API had higher HCC risk than NH whites, NH blacks, and Hispanics. When disaggregated, Southeast Asians (Vietnamese, Cambodians, and Laotians) had overall HCC incidence rates eight to nine times higher than NH whites and more than twice that of other ethnic Asians. Statistically significant rising temporal trends of HCC were found in NH whites, NH blacks, and Hispanics, especially those older than age 50 years. Overall HCC risk declined in Chinese males (AAPC = –1.3%, 95% CI = –2.0 to –0.6), but rose in Filipino (AAPC = +1.2%, 95% CI = 0.3 to 2.1) and Japanese males (AAPC = +3.0%, 95% CI = 0.4 to 5.6) and Vietnamese (AAPC = +4.5%, 95% CI = 0.7 to 8.5) and Laotian (+3.4%, 95% CI = 0.1 to 6.8) females.ConclusionsOur findings provide valuable information for the identification of at-risk ethnic subgroups of Asian Americans while underscoring the importance of disaggregating ethnic populations in cancer research.

scholarly journals Fetal growth and psychiatric and socioeconomic problems: population-based sibling comparison

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quetzal A. Class ◽  
Martin E. Rickert ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
Paul Lichtenstein ◽  
Brian M. D'Onofrio
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Unmeasured Confounding ◽  
Lower Birth Weight ◽  
Sibling Comparison ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Socioeconomic Problems

BackgroundIt is unclear whether associations between fetal growth and psychiatric and socioeconomic problems are consistent with causal mechanisms.AimsTo estimate the extent to which associations are a result of unmeasured confounding factors using a sibling-comparison approach.MethodWe predicted outcomes from continuously measured birth weight in a Swedish population cohort (n = 3 291 773), while controlling for measured and unmeasured confounding.ResultsIn the population, lower birth weight (⩽2500 g) increased the risk of all outcomes. Sibling-comparison models indicated that lower birth weight independently predicted increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (hazard ratio for low birth weight = 2.44, 95% CI 1.99–2.97) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Although attenuated, associations remained for psychotic or bipolar disorder and educational problems. Associations with suicide attempt, substance use problems and social welfare receipt, however, were fully attenuated in sibling comparisons.ConclusionsResults suggest that fetal growth, and factors that influence it, contribute to psychiatric and socioeconomic problems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document