Post Hoc Procedures for Some K-Sample Nonparametric Tests for Scale

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-282
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Penfield ◽  
Stephen L. Koffler
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Population Variability ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Bartlett Test ◽  
Nonparametric Alternatives ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Multiple Comparison Procedures

Post hoc multiple comparison procedures useful in assessing differences in population variability are formulated for three nonparametric alternatives to the parametric Bartlett test. The three nonparametric tests are the generalized Puri K-sample extensions of the Siegel-Tukey, Mood, and Klotz tests. Theory surrounding the development of these post hoc procedures is outlined and is based upon the chi-square analog to Scheffé’s theorem. An example illustrating an application of the methodology is presented.

The Quest for α: Developments in Multiple Comparison Procedures in the Quarter Century Since

1996 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Hancock ◽  
Alan J. Klockars
Keyword(s):  
Type I Error ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Type I ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variance ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Multiple Comparison Procedures

In a highly regarded work, Games (1971) presented state-of-the-art multiple comparison procedures (MCPs) for a variety of research scenarios and sought to bring order to the seemingly chaotic array of MCPs being used at that time. The current article is a sequel of sorts, placing Games’s insights in the context of many of the major developments in simultaneous and sequential inference since his article’s publication. Specifically, we address the common MCP scenarios of orthogonal contrasts, nonorthogonal contrasts, comparisons against a reference group, all possible pairwise comparisons, and exploratory post hoc contrasts, all under the assumed conditions of independent scores, normality, and homogeneity of variance. In addition, discussions of the philosophical issues surrounding the control of Type I error rates are presented.

A note on multiple comparison procedures for detecting differences in simply ordered means

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kane Nashimoto ◽  
F.T. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Multiple Comparison Procedures

scholarly journals Decision theory results for one-sided multiple comparison procedures

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Cohen ◽  
Harold B. Sackrowitz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Theory ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Multiple Comparison Procedures

A SAS® macro implementation of a multiple comparison post hoc test for a Kruskal–Wallis analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. Elliott ◽  
Linda S. Hynan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Post Hoc

scholarly journals Dynamic smile evaluation in different skeletal patterns

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noshi Siddiqui ◽  
Pradeep Tandon ◽  
Alka Singh ◽  
Jitesh Haryani
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Width Change ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements ◽  
Horizontal Pattern

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate dynamic smile in different skeletal patterns and to correlate vertical smile parameters with the underlying causative factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 participants ranging in age from 16–25 years were selected and divided into one of three groups—horizontal, average, and vertical skeletal pattern—using the following three cephalometric parameters: SN-MP, FMA, and Jarabak ratio. Videographic records of smile were obtained, and measurements were recorded and analyzed at rest, including upper lip length, and during smile, including maxillary incisal display, interlabial gap, intercommisural width, change in upper lip length, and smile arc. Differences among the three groups were subjected to two-way analysis of variance and post hoc and chi-square tests for smile arc. Correlations between vertical smile variables and vertical skeletal (N-ANS, N-Me) and dental cephalometric measurements (U1 to palatal plane) were also investigated. Results: Vertical parameters were significantly increased in the vertical pattern when compared with the horizontal pattern, ie, upper lip length (P < .01), maxillary incisal display (P < .001), interlabial gap (P < .001), and change in upper lip length (P < .001), whereas intercommisural width was significantly decreased in vertical pattern when compared with the horizontal pattern (P < .001). Flat smile arc was seen more frequently in the horizontal pattern. Positive correlations were found between the N-Me, U1-PP, and change in upper lip length with vertical smile parameters. Conclusions: Different skeletal patterns exhibit their characteristic smile features. Upper lip length is not responsible for increased incisal display during smile. Increased incisal display during smile is more closely associated with upper lip elevation than vertical skeletal and dental factors.

Evaluation of the effect of cetrimide with edta on Microhardness and surface changes in root dentin – An invitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Dr. Swarooparanil Patil ◽  
Dr. B.S. Keshava Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Surface Changes

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of cetrimide with or without EDTA solution on the microhardness and surface changes in root dentin. Single rooted human mandibular premolar teeth were decoronated and sectioned longitudinally. The root segments were horizontally embedded in autopolymerizing resin. These specimens were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups according to the irrigating solution used. The irrigating solutions used were 5% EDTA, 5%EDTA + 0.25% Cetrimide, 5%EDTA + 0.50% Cetrimide, 0.25% Cetrimide, 0.50% Cetrimide and distilled water. Each group was further divided into two subgroups. First subgroup specimens were employed for microhardness testing using vicker’s indenter. Second subgroup specimens were used to evaluate the surface changes of root dentin under stereomicroscope. Comparison of the mean microhardness of test groups was done using ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test. Pre- and post- treatment hardness values were compared using student paired t test. The data obtained from surface erosion scoring was subjected to statistical analysis using Chi square test. Results of this study showed significant reduction in the microhardness of dentin for all the groups except for the distilled water (p<0.001). The greatest reduction in dentin microhardness was observed with Group-3 (5% EDTA + 0.50% CTR). Specimens in 5% EDTA group showed greater erosion than other groups. Within the limitations of this study it was concluded that all the tested irrigating solutions reduced the microhardness of root dentin except distilled water. Maximum reduction in microhardness was observed with addition of 0.50% cetrimide to EDTA. EDTA increased the surface roughness of root dentin irrespective of cetrimide association. Use of cetrimide at concentrations higher than 0.25% would be detrimental to the microhardness of dentin.

scholarly journals Multiple comparison procedures for discrete uniform and homogeneous tests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Cousido‐Rocha ◽  
Jacobo de Uña‐Álvarez ◽  
Sebastian Döhler
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Discrete Uniform ◽  
Multiple Comparison Procedures
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