scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Water Distribution with Uptake Root in Drip Irrigation using Different Soil Hydraulic Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Israa Saad Faraj ◽  
Maysoon Basheer Abid
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Soil Wetting ◽  
Surface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Wetting Pattern

Surface drip irrigation is one of the most conservative irrigation techniques that help control providing water directly on the soil through the emitters. It can supply fertilizer and providing water directly to plant roots by drippers. One of the essential needs for trickle irrigation nowadays is to obtain more knowledge about the moisture pattern under the trickling source for various types of soil with various discharge levels with trickle irrigation. Simulation numerical using HYDRUS-2D software, version 2.04 was used to estimate an equation for the wetted area from a single surface drip irrigation in unsaturated soil is taking into account water uptake by roots. In this paper, using two soil types were used, namely sandy loam and clay loam, with three types of plants; (corn, tomato, and sweet sorghum). The soil wetting pattern was analyzed each half an hour for three hours of irrigation time and three initial soil moisture content. Equations for wetted radius and wetted depth were predicted and evaluated by utilizing the statistical parameters for the different hydraulic soil models (Model Efficiency (EF) and Root Mean Squares Error (RMSE)). The values RMSE does not exceed 0.40 cm, and EF is greater than 0.96 for all types of soil. These values were between the values obtained from program  HYDRUS-2D and the values obtained from formulas. This shows that evolved formula can be utilized to describe the soil wetting pattern from the surface drip irrigation system. The relative error for the different hydraulic soil models was calculated and compared with Brooks and Corey's model, 1964. There was good agreement compared with different models. RMSE was 0.23 cm, while the relative error -1% and 1 for EF for wetted radius.

scholarly journals Predicting Wetting Patterns in Soil from a Single Subsurface Drip Irrigation System

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Heba Najem Abid ◽  
Maysoon Basheer Abid
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Model Efficiency ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Wetted Area ◽  
Soil Wetting ◽  
Subsurface Drip

Soil wetted pattern from a subsurface drip plays great importance in the design of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system for delivering the required water directly to the roots of the plant. An equation to estimate the dimensions of the wetted area in soil are taking into account water uptake by roots is simulated numerically using HYDRUS (2D/3D) software. In this paper, three soil textures namely loamy sand, sandy loam, and loam soil were used with three different types of crops tomato, pepper, and cucumber, respectively, and different values of drip discharge, drip depth, and initial soil moisture content were proposed. The soil wetting patterns were obtained at every thirty minutes for a total time of irrigation equal to three hours. Equations for wetted width and depth were predicted and evaluated by utilizing the statistical parameters (model efficiency (EF), and root mean square error (RMSE)). The model efficiency was more than 95%, and RMSE did not exceed 0.64 cm for three soils. This shows that evolved formula can be utilized to describe the soil wetting pattern from SDI system with good accuracy.      

scholarly journals Field Evaluating of Wetting Pattern from Surface Drip Irrigation System for Sand and Sandy Loam Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Ahmad Dnan Abbass ◽  
Hayder A.K. AL-Thamiry
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Wetting Pattern

Water distribution through soils from trickle source is very important issue since it affects irrigation efficiency, wetted surface area and wetted soil profile. Many attempts to determine wetting pattern under drip irrigation using mathematical and numerical models were carried out. The verification of the validity of which model will be suitable for Iraqi soils need a detailed study. In this paper, the field work measurements of wetted pattern in two Iraqi soils (sand and sandy loam) were conducted to investigate the validity of the application of wetting pattern formulas predicted by Dawood (2016), Amin and Ekhmaj, (2006) and Schwartzman and Zur (1986). The work was divided into two parts: the first one was the laboratory work of soil texture, field capacity, permanent wilting point, and soil porosity. The second one includes field operations through landing, installation of trickle irrigation system, installation of equipment’s and sensors, adjustment of emitter discharge by the valve on the supply pipe. In each run, initial water content was measured and the system was operated for three continuous hours with three different discharges, discharges were selected as 1, 3 and 6 l/hr. the wetted diameter and depth were recorded hourly during each run test .The field measurements of wetted area were compared with that predicted by the previous studies. The obtained result indicate that the value of the wetted diameter and depth increase with increasing of water contents, the wetted diameter are inversely proportional was saturated hydraulic conductivity, and the wetted depth was directly proportional to the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Amin and Ekhmaj 2006 formula was suitable for wetted depth in sandy loam soil with average error 13.40% and Schwartzman and Zur, 1986 formulas gave a good prediction for wetted diameters with average error 12.79% for same soil. Finally Dawood (2016) formulas were more suitable than others for sand soil with average error for wetted diameter and depth 11.49%, 16.79% respectively.

scholarly journals TOMATO FERTIGATION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1173g-1173
Author(s):  
R. A. Straw ◽  
C. A. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Additional Nitrogen

Tomato trials with black plastic mulch, drip irrigation, and fertigation were conducted on a Lily sandy loam soil of medium fertility at Crossville, TN in 1990 and 1991. 'Mountain Pride' tomatoes were fertilized with a broadcast preplant application of 1120 kg ha–1 of 10-4.4-8.3 fertilizer with and without combinations of black plastic mulch and weekly applications of 0.64 cm of water for 12 weeks through drip irrigation. Three black plastic mulch and drip irrigation treatments supplied additional nitrogen and potassium fertilizer through the drip irrigation system. Yields were increased by use of black plastic mulch and by trickle irrigation in 1991. However, additions of fertilizer through drip irrigation had no effect on yields.

Simulating Soil Water Content under Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation with Municipal Wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
VINOD KUMAR TRIPATHI
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Irrigation Technologies

The demand of wastewater for irrigation is gradually increasing due to escalatingcompetition for freshwater by urban, industrial, and agricultural users. To sustain or increase agricultural production, there is a need to adopt highly efficient irrigation technologies such as surface or subsurface drip irrigation systems. Studies related to water distribution under any irrigation system and water quality are important for efficient water and nutrients application. In present study, the water dynamics under surface and subsurface drip irrigation was evaluated by taking cauliflower as a test crop on sandy loam soil. The calibrated model predicted all the parameters close to observed values with RMSE values ranging from 0.05to 0.92. HYDRUS -2D model has ability to predict water distribution with reasonably good accuracy in present crop and soil condition.

Peanut Yield, Market Grade, and Economics with Two Surface Drip Lateral Spacings

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Sorensen ◽  
M. C. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Surface Drip Irrigation

Abstract Surface drip irrigation laterals were spaced next to crop rows and in alternate row middles to document crop yield, market grade and gross/partial economic returns compared with non-irrigated practices. A surface drip irrigation system was installed at two sites on a Faceville (Site 1) fine sandy loam and a Greenville (Site 2) fine sandy loam with 3 and 1% slope, respectively. The cultivar Georgia Green (GG) was planted in both single and twin-row configuration while the cultivar ViruGard (VG) was planted in only a twin-row configuration. Pod yield, farmer stock grade, and partial economic returns were determined for three growing seasons (2002 to 2004). Surface drip irrigated peanut had greater yield, market grade, and gross revenue compared with non-irrigated regimes. Subtracting the cost of the drip tubing showed that laterals spaced at 0.91 m are not cost effective ($-132/ha) while those spaced at 1.83 m returned an average $120/ha compared with the non-irrigated treatment. The cultivar GG had 425 kg/ha higher pod yield compared with VG (4035 kg/ha). Within irrigated lateral treatments, peanut planted in twin-row orientation had 1% higher market grade and lower OK compared with single row orientations. Pod yield and market grade was more stable at Site 2 compared with Site 1 which was probably due to slope and aspect characteristics associated with each site and not necessarily with soil series. The use of surface drip irrigation with peanut can be economically feasible if pod yield increases by at least 675 kg/ha and growers place drip tubing in alternate row middles.

scholarly journals SIMULATION OF THE WETTING PATTERN UNDER SURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION AND GRAVEL GROOVE

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Younis Mohammad Hassan ◽  
◽  
Ahmed Shihab Ahmed ◽  
Sabah Anwer Almasraf ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Surface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Wetting Pattern

Simulation of soil wetting pattern with subsurface drip irrigation from line source

2006 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Singh ◽  
T.B.S. Rajput ◽  
D.K. Singh ◽  
H.S. Sikarwar ◽  
R.N. Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Wetting ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Wetting Pattern

Analyzing Soil Moisture Uniformity for Surface Drip Irrigation System in Multi-layered soil

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Goon Choi ◽  
Jin-Yong Choi ◽  
Won-Ho Nam ◽  
Eun Mi Hong ◽  
Sang-Ho Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Layered Soil ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Surface Drip Irrigation

scholarly journals Effect of Pulse Drip Irrigation Duration on Water Distribution Uniformity

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2276
Author(s):  
David Lozano ◽  
Natividad Ruiz ◽  
Rafael Baeza ◽  
Juana I. Contreras ◽  
Pedro Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Distribution Uniformity

Developing an appropriate irrigation schedule is essential in order to save water while at the same time maintaining high crop yields. The standard procedures of the field evaluation of distribution uniformity do not take into account the effects of the filling and emptying phases of the irrigation system. We hypothesized that, in sloping sandy soils, when short drip irrigation pulses are applied it is important to take into account the total water applied from the beginning of irrigation until the emptying of the irrigation system. To compute distribution uniformity, we sought to characterize the filling, stable pressure, and emptying phases of a standard strawberry irrigation system. We found that the shorter the time of the irrigation pulse, the worse the distribution uniformity and the potential application efficiency or zero deficit are. This effect occurs because as the volume of water applied during filling and emptying phases increases, the values of the irrigation performance indicators decrease. Including filling and emptying phases as causes of non-uniformity has practical implications for the management of drip irrigation systems in sloping sandy soils.

Effect of available solar irradiance on vertical farming in semi-open urban places

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 717-726
Author(s):  
M. Moniruzzaman ◽  
K. K. Saha ◽  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
M. M. H. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Vertical Farming ◽  
Long Run

Building a vertical farm in unused residential and commercial spaces is a challenge. It is particularly hard to decide upon a space where varying degrees of lighting conditions may prevail at different times of a day. This experiment was focused on how innovative micro-irrigation technology could be coupled with vertical farms. In this regard, three storied racks were designed to accommodate multiple one-feet-square tubs large enough to hold five Indian spinach (BARI Puishak- 2) plants at a time. Sandy loam soil was used for farming along with recommended doses of fertilizers. Different lighting conditions (2- 145 W/m2 average solar irradiance) were employed on the fifth floor of an urban building. Drip emitters were coupled in the system for irrigation. The management allowed deficit was kept to a maximum of 50% of the readily available moisture below the field capacity. The results suggested that drip irrigation systems provide higher water productivity (up to 31.82 kg/m3) compared to the in-field conditions when BARI Puishak-2 is grown in vertical farming. Water productivity of spinach was improved by optimized set-up of a drip irrigation system. The study also concluded that vertical farming is only suitable for indoor places where plenty of direct sunlight or diffused sunlight (not below 70 W/m2) is available. The economic analysis suggests that vertical farms under direct sunlight can be made profitable (BCR>1) in the long run.

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