scholarly journals COMPARATIVELY PREDATORY EFFICIENCY OF COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA AND PROPYLEA QUTTUORDECIM PUNCTATA AGAINTS RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Predatory Efficiency

scholarly journals Fungal plant endosymbionts alter life history and reproductive success of aphid predators

2006 ◽  
Vol 273 (1591) ◽  
pp. 1301-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio de Sassi ◽  
Christine B Müller ◽  
Jochen Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Aphid Predators ◽  
Toxic Alkaloids

Endosymbionts occur in most plant species and may affect interactions among herbivores and their predators through the production of toxic alkaloids. Here, we ask whether effects of mycotoxins produced by the symbiosis of the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii and the grass Lolium perenne are transmitted to the aphidophagous ladybird Coccinella septempunctata when feeding on cereal aphids Rhopalosiphum padi on infected plants. The larval development of coccinellids was extended, while their survival was reduced when feeding exclusively on aphids from infected plants. Ladybirds developing on aphids from infected plants showed reduced fecundity and impaired reproductive performance. Body size and symmetries of ladybird adults were not affected by the endophytes. Consistently strong, negative effects of endophytes on the lifetime performance of ladybirds indicates that mycotoxins are transmitted along food chains, causing significant damage for top predators. Such cascading effects will influence the population dynamics of aphid predators in the long term and could feedback to the primary plant producers.

CONTROL OF THE ENGLISH GRAIN APHID [SITOBION AVENAE (F.)] (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AND THE OAT-BIRDCHERRY APHID [RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI (L.)] (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON WINTER CEREALS

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Neil ◽  
S.O. Gaul ◽  
K.B. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Aphid Control

AbstractSeasonal abundance of Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) was monitored in Nova Scotia winter wheat plots. Rhopalosiphum padi was the more common aphid species during "heading out." Winter wheat cultivars differed in their resistance to R. padi development; the highest reproductive rate was on ’Absolvent.’ The effect of chemicals used in intensive cereal management on R. padi and Coccinella septempunctata (L.) was assessed. Dimethoate and carbaryl caused similar high mortality to both insects, but pirimicarb was more toxic to the aphid than to its predator. Over a 2-year period, field plots that received regular pirimicarb treatments for selective aphid control early in the growing season showed a 9% increase in wheat yield, compared with the checks and plots that received carbaryl. Wheat yield increased 18% when pirimicarb was used later in the season; when applied in both periods, pirimicarb gave a total yield increase of nearly 30%. Late applications of carbaryl alone, or in combination with pirimicarb, increased yields by only 9% over the controls. Half of the yield increase (18% vs. 9%) with late season control by pirimicarb was lost with the addition of carbaryl, which minimized the C. septempunctata population for nonselective insect control. Rhopalosiphum padi numbers from June 20 to July 15 had the greatest impact on yield in these plots, and natural control agents including C. septempunctata accounted for a 9% increase in yield.

scholarly journals ВИДОВИЙ СКЛАД ОСНОВНИХ ШКІДНИКІВ АГРОЦЕНОЗУ КУКУРУДЗИ ЛІВОБЕРЕЖНОГО ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Ю. М. Ляска ◽  
О. О. Стригун
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Шкідники кукурудзи найбільше перешкоджають зростанню врожайності культури порівняно зіншими чинниками, оскільки наявні на посівах увесь вегетаційний період її вирощування, і пошко-джують рослини в усіх фазах розвитку – від насіння у ґрунті до зерна при зберіганні, тому знаннявидового складу шкідливих комах кукурудзи, період їх появи і стадія шкідливості дадуть змогу дослі-дити та впровадити найбільш ефективні заходи регулювання чисельності фітофагів, які забезпе-чать оптимальний фітосанітарний стан посівів і зведуть до мінімуму застосування пестицидів.Саме тому метою наших досліджень було визначення видового складу, чисельності, домінантності іпоширення шкідливих комах кукурудзи в Лівобережному Лісостепу України, виявлення їх шкідливостізалежно від абіотичних і біотичних чинників. У процесі досліджень 2017–2018 рр. було проаналізо-вано фітосанітарний стан агроценозу кукурудзяного поля в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу Украї-ни. Встановлено, що культуру пошкоджують 39 видів комах із 7 рядів та один вид кліщів. Найбільшузагрозу сходам кукурудзи завдавали личинки восьми видів коваликів (Elateridae) та личинки пластин-частовусих (Scarabaeidaе). Найнебезпечнішим шкідником генеративних органів кукурудзи 2017–2018 рр. виявилася бавовникова совка (Helicoverpa armigera Hbn., родина Noctuidae, ряд Lepidoptera),що заселяла посіви кукурудзи до 75 % з чисельністю 67,5 гусениць на 100 рослин. Упродовж вегета-ційного періоду на рослинах були присутні такі види шкідників: злакові мухи (Chloropidae), черемхова(Rhopalosiphum padi L.) та звичайна злакова попелиці (Schizaphis graminum Rond.), хлібна смугастаблішка (Phyllotreta vittula Redtenb), кукурудзяний стебловий метелик (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.), клопиродини сліпняків (Miridae), польові клопи (Lygus), хлібна жужелиця (Zabrus tenebrioides Goeze.),п’явиця синя (Oulema lichenis Voet.), цикадка шестикрапкова (Macrosteles laevis Rib.) та темна(Laodelphax striatella Fall). Наявність цих фітофагів на посівах кукурудзи не перевищувала ЕПШ.Домінуючими ентомофагами були: сонечко 7-крапкове (Coccinella septempunctata L.) та двокрапкове(Adonia dipunctata L.); хижий трипс (Aeolothrips intermedius Bagn.), хижі жужелиці (Caradidae), зо-лотоочка звичайна (Chrysoperla larnea St.) та мухи сирфіди (Syrphidae).

Crop infestation by aphids is related to flight activity detected with 75 metre high suction traps

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
M.A.W. Stufkens ◽  
J.D. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Suction Traps ◽  
Suction Trap ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Suction

The flight activity of aphid pests of wheat potato lettuce and squash is currently monitored in New Zealand using 75 m suction traps However there has been little research comparing aphid suction trap catches with crop infestation levels The relationship between the average number of aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) sampled from wheat plants and the average number of aphids caught in weekly 75 m suction trap samples was examined A significant positive relationship indicated that numbers of aphids caught in suction traps reflected the numbers of aphids infesting wheat fields In another experiment potato aphid flights (mostly Myzus persicae) caught in a 75 m suction trap were compared with a nearby windvane trap Aphid numbers in both traps reflected similar trends However the suction trap caught approximately 10 times more aphids than the windvane trap Thus 75 m suction traps provide a useful tool for assessing aphid infestation levels in crops

scholarly journals Varietal preferences of Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus, 1758 in the Far East South

2021 ◽  
Vol 723 (2) ◽  
pp. 022004
Author(s):  
N V Matsishina ◽  
O A Sobko ◽  
P V Fisenko ◽  
G A Murugova ◽  
P M Bogdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Far East

scholarly journals Bioactive Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Viridiana Morales-Sánchez ◽  
Carmen E. Díaz ◽  
Elena Trujillo ◽  
Sonia A. Olmeda ◽  
Felix Valcarcel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

In the current study, an ethyl acetate extract from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2 isolated from the stem parts of the endemic plant Bethencourtia palmensis was screened for its biocontrol properties against plant pathogens (Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria alternata, and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi), plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica), and ticks (Hyalomma lusitanicum). SPH2 gave extracts with strong fungicidal and ixodicidal effects at different fermentation times. The bioguided isolation of these extracts gave compounds 1–3. Mellein (1) showed strong ixodicidal effects and was also fungicidal. This is the first report on the ixodicidal effects of 1. Neoaspergillic acid (2) showed potent antifungal effects. Compound 2 appeared during the exponential phase of the fungal growth while neohydroxyaspergillic acid (3) appeared during the stationary phase, suggesting that 2 is the biosynthetic precursor of 3. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A was not detected under the fermentation conditions used in this work. Therefore, SPH2 could be a potential biotechnological tool for the production of ixodicidal extracts rich in mellein.

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