CONTROL OF THE ENGLISH GRAIN APHID [SITOBION AVENAE (F.)] (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AND THE OAT-BIRDCHERRY APHID [RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI (L.)] (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON WINTER CEREALS

AbstractSeasonal abundance of Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) was monitored in Nova Scotia winter wheat plots. Rhopalosiphum padi was the more common aphid species during "heading out." Winter wheat cultivars differed in their resistance to R. padi development; the highest reproductive rate was on ’Absolvent.’ The effect of chemicals used in intensive cereal management on R. padi and Coccinella septempunctata (L.) was assessed. Dimethoate and carbaryl caused similar high mortality to both insects, but pirimicarb was more toxic to the aphid than to its predator. Over a 2-year period, field plots that received regular pirimicarb treatments for selective aphid control early in the growing season showed a 9% increase in wheat yield, compared with the checks and plots that received carbaryl. Wheat yield increased 18% when pirimicarb was used later in the season; when applied in both periods, pirimicarb gave a total yield increase of nearly 30%. Late applications of carbaryl alone, or in combination with pirimicarb, increased yields by only 9% over the controls. Half of the yield increase (18% vs. 9%) with late season control by pirimicarb was lost with the addition of carbaryl, which minimized the C. septempunctata population for nonselective insect control. Rhopalosiphum padi numbers from June 20 to July 15 had the greatest impact on yield in these plots, and natural control agents including C. septempunctata accounted for a 9% increase in yield.

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Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Triazole-Based Fungicides on Wheat Yield and Test Weight as Influenced by Fusarium Head Blight Intensity

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-100-2-0160 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 160-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

P. A. Paul ◽

M. P. McMullen ◽

D. E. Hershman ◽

L. V. Madden

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Test Weight ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Yield Response ◽

Head Blight ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽

Red Winter Wheat

Multivariate random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on 12 years of data from 14 U.S. states to determine the mean yield and test-weight responses of wheat to treatment with propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, and prothioconazole+tebuconazole. All fungicides led to a significant increase in mean yield and test weight relative to the check (D; P < 0.001). Metconazole resulted in the highest overall yield increase, with a D of 450 kg/ha, followed by prothioconazole+tebuconazole (444.5 kg/ha), prothioconazole (419.1 kg/ha), tebuconazole (272.6 kg/ha), and propiconazole (199.6 kg/ha). Metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole also resulted in the highest increases in test weight, with D values of 17.4 to 19.4 kg/m3, respectively. On a relative scale, the best three fungicides resulted in an overall 13.8 to 15.0% increase in yield but only a 2.5 to 2.8% increase in test weight. Except for prothioconazole+tebuconazole, wheat type significantly affected the yield response to treatment; depending on the fungicide, D was 110.0 to 163.7 kg/ha higher in spring than in soft-red winter wheat. Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease index (field or plot-level severity) in the untreated check plots, a measure of the risk of disease development in a study, had a significant effect on the yield response to treatment, in that D increased with increasing FHB index. The probability was estimated that fungicide treatment in a randomly selected study will result in a positive yield increase (p+) and increases of at least 250 and 500 kg/ha (p250 and p500, respectively). For the three most effective fungicide treatments (metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole) at the higher selected FHB index, p+ was very large (e.g., ≥0.99 for both wheat types) but p500 was considerably lower (e.g., 0.78 to 0.92 for spring and 0.54 to 0.68 for soft-red winter wheat); at the lower FHB index, p500 for the same three fungicides was 0.34 to 0.36 for spring and only 0.09 to 0.23 for soft-red winter wheat.

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The assessment of the influence of the Gumiton organomineral complex on the development of root rot and structural elements of the winter wheat yield

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213202012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 02012

Author(s):

Aleksey Suslov ◽

Dimitry Sviridenk ◽

Vasiliy Mamayev ◽

Irina Sychiova

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Root Rot ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

High Yield ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Organic Mineral ◽

Organomineral Complex ◽

Rot Disease

It has been shown that pre-sowing treatment increases field germination by 5.5%, and the preservation of plants after overwintering increases by 4.3%. Gumiton strengthened the work of the assimilation apparatus of the flag leaf due to an increase in leaf area by 29.3-49.1% and extended the life of plants. As a part of a tank mixture (Tabu Super, 1.5 l / t + Tertia, 2.5 l t), the drug allowed to reduce the prevalence of the root rot disease to 2.45-1.05% in comparison with the control. The organomineral complex provided the formation of a larger and more leveled grain with a mass of 1000 grains of 47.0-47.5 g, 43.9 g in the control; the grain nature is more than 780 g / dm 3, 751.7 g / dm 3, in the control. The use of Gumiton (seeds + tillering + piping) against the background of N 96 P 96 K 96 provided a high yield increase by 37.8%. To reduce the expenses of foliar fertilization with nitrogen fertilizers, the Gumiton organic-mineral complex should be recommended, since it is an element of greening in intensive technologies of winter wheat cultivation.

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Effect of complex growth regulating preparations on yield of winter wheat (Тriticum aestivum L.) grown after different precursors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Agrarian Series ◽

10.29235/1817-7204-2019-57-1-63-73 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 63-73

Author(s):

V. V. Poznyak

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Mutual Effect ◽

Acid Complex ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Amino Acid Complex ◽

Wide Range ◽

Winter Wheat Yield ◽

Growth Development

This is the first time in conditions of Semisavanna of Ukraine when mutual effect of winter wheat precursors and three complex growth-regulating preparations on the growth, development and yield of winter wheat grain has been studied. It has been determined that Antistress, Mars-EL and four amino acid complex preparations can be used for winter wheat growing technology with the aim to increase its yield both during the naked fallow sowing, and after a grain precur- © Позняк В. В., 2019 sor. Greater effect is provided by preparations at winter wheat re-sowing - the yield increase made 0.32-0.81 t/ha. The less significant but stable increase in yield of 0.27-0.59 t/ha is provided by complex growth-regulating preparations during sowing wheat over wheat. Use of the studied complex preparations with a wide range of action throughout the growing season had a positive effect on indicators characterizing growth, development and formation of winter wheat yield. The most effective was the joint use of Antistress and Mars-EL preparations (0.5-0.71 t/ha increase) and all the three drugs together (Antistress + Mars-EL + amino acid complex) when additional 0.59-0.81 t/ha of grain was obtained. Thus, our research has shown that use of new promising growth-regulating agents for winter wheat growing technology makes it possible to implement its genetic potential and increase yield more efficiently, which undoubtedly is of a great importance for agricultural farms specializing in production of this crop.

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Comparison of the winter development, reproduction and lifespan of viviparae of Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on wheat and perennial rye grass in England

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300011500 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 35-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C. T. Williams

Keyword(s):

Host Plants ◽

Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Aphid Species ◽

Sitobion Avenae ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Cereal Aphid ◽

Species Survival ◽

Total Fecundity ◽

Comparison Of The Results

AbstractThe mid-winter development, reproduction and survival of field-acclimatized viviparae of Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) on leaves of tillering wheat and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) plants at similar growth stages were compared by monitoring batches of aphids in clip-cages in field plots in southern England. For both aphid species, survival, total fecundity and reproductive rate were much higher on wheat than on L. perenne, and on both host-plants they were much higher for S. avenae than for R. padi. Development times (in day-degrees) were longer on L. perenne than on wheat, and on both host-plants were longer for R. padi than for S. avenae, though these differences were less marked. Comparison of the results with those of earlier studies suggests that large changes in cereal aphid performance occur between summer and winter and that these are both aphid-specific and host-plant-specific.

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Effects of long-term fertilization on the yield of winter wheat and N forms on Luvic Phaeosem soil determined in 0.01 M CaCl 2

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.59.2010.1.16 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 135-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. Bertáné Szabó ◽

J. Loch ◽

Gy. Zsigrai ◽

L. Blaskó

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Balance ◽

P Fertilization ◽

Yield Data ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Winter Wheat Yield ◽

Fertilization Practice

The effects of regular NPK fertilization on the amounts of winter wheat yield and the amounts and proportion of different N forms (NO 3 -N, NH 4 -N, N org , N total ) of a Luvic Phaeosem soil determined in 0.01 M CaCl 2 were studied in the B1740 variant of the National Long-Term Fertilization Experiment at Karcag. According to the yield data, N and P fertilization increased winter wheat yield significantly. When applying the 200 kg N·ha -1 dose, P fertilization resulted in a more than 2 t·ha -1 yield increase, as compared to the treatments without P fertilization. K fertilization had no effect on the yield, similarly to preceding years. These findings may be adapted to fields of the Middle-Tisza Region with similar conditions to the trial site. The N forms of the soil determined in CaCl 2 reflected fertilization well. All of the fractions, but especially NO 3 -N and N total , increased significantly in response to N fertilization. Close relationships (r = 0.87–0.88) were found among the NO 3 -N and N total fractions and the N balance, which means that the amounts of NO 3 -N and N total are suitable for assessing both the N deficit and the N surplus. The strength of the correlation between the NH 4 -N content and N balance was moderate (r = 0.65). The N org fraction increased significantly as a function of N and P fertilization. These results can be explained with the yield increase. A significant correlation (r = 0.55) was found between the N org fraction and yield amounts. It can be established that organic residuals remaining on the site resulted in a significant increase in the N org content of soils. The gained results confirm that the N org fraction is suitable for the characterization of the readily mobilizable N reserves previously ignored in fertilization practice. On the basis of the presented results the CaCl 2 method is recommended for the precise estimation of nutrient requirements.

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The results of production research on the influence of certain inoculants and methods of their application on yield and winter wheat yield

Mehanization and electrification of agricultural ◽

10.37204/0131-2189-2020-11-7 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 61-71

Author(s):

L. K. Litvinyuk ◽

V. V. Adamchuk ◽

I. K. Kurdysh

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Bacterial Preparation ◽

Conventional Technology ◽

Winter Wheat Yield ◽

Different Strains

Аnnotation Purpose. Investigation of the influence of some microbial preparations and methods inoculations in time of seeds andtheir application in agroecosystems on soybean yield and combinations of domestic and foreign biological products on winter wheat yield. Methods. Microbiological, field, analytical and experimental. Results. It was found that bacterization of soybean seeds with nanocomposite complex bacterial preparation Nanoriz-1 most significantly increased soybean yield. A significant increase in soybean yield was also observed with the use of nanocomposite drug Nanoriz-2, which contained one strain of bacteria in the nanocomposite of bentonite–Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum634b (developed by the Institute of Natural Sciences of NASU). Under these conditions, soybean yields increased by 24.65 q/ha and 15.36 q/ha, in accordance. According to the comb technology of growing these plants, the studied inoculants caused the most noticeable stimulating effect on soybean yield of 28.17 q/ha and 14.71 q/ha, respectively. The use of the inoculant OPTIMIZE (Canada) in the usual technology provided an increase in yield of 10.57 q/ha. The best inoculants for winter wheat Artemis are a combination of a complex bacterial preparation Azogran (DK Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology NAS) and a foreign biological product Humifield (Germany) (yield increase compared to control 12.80 q/ha). Inoculation of seeds of winter wheat Capital Polymyxobacterin and Hetomic (ISMI APV) gives anincrease in yield compared to the control of 10.46 q/ha and 11.61 q/ha. Conclusions. As a result of industrial research on the effect of some inoculants and methods of their use on the yield of soybeans and winter wheat found that: 1) inoculation of soybean seeds of Ustya variety during sowing together with some inoculants, which containedbacteries with different strains, differenttitres, different chemical combinations, different chemical elements and different producers of preparations made it possible to determine the best inoculants, in particular inoculants made on the basis of interaction of highly efficient bacteria with nanoparticles ofbentonite clay mineral –Nanorиz-1 and Nanorиz-2, developed by the Institute of Microbiology and Virology D. K. Zabolotnogo NAS of Ukraine – which by conventional technology make it possible to obtain an increase in yield, compared with the control, respectively 24.65 q/ha and 15.36 q/ha, and inoculant OPTIMIZE (Canada) – 10.57 q/ha, and on the ridge technology with the direction of the ridges east – west and sowing in the southern side of the ridge Nanorиz-1 and Nanorиz-2, respectively, gave anincrease in yield of 28.17 q/ha and 14.71 q/ha; 2) the best inoculants (by inoculation of seeds in PNSh-5) for winter wheat Artemis are a combination of Azogran (Institute of Microbiology and Virology D. K. Zabolotnogo NAS of Ukraine) and foreign Humifield (Germany), yield increase of 12.80 q/ha. Inoculation of seeds of winter wheat Stolychna with Polymyxobacterin and Hetomik (Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Production of NAAS), in comparison with the control, makes it possible to obtain a yield increase of 10.46 q/ha and 11.61 q/ha, respectively. Keywords: different inoculants, methods of seed inoculation, device, soy, winter wheat, sowing, plant yield.

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Multiple mechanisms responsible for differential susceptibilities of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) to pirimicarb

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485309006725 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 611-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Y. Lu ◽

X. Gao

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽

Differential Susceptibility ◽

Sitobion Avenae ◽

Detoxification Enzymes ◽

Late Period ◽

P450 Monooxygenase ◽

Wheat Growth ◽

Aphid Control ◽

Esterase Inhibitor

AbstractBoth Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) are the most important pests of wheat in China and usually coexist on the late period of wheat growth. Pirimicarb was introduced into China for wheat aphid control in early 1990s, and differential susceptibilities of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) to pirimicarb have been observed. A bioassay exhibited that Rhopalosiphum padi possessed significantly higher susceptibility to pirimicarb than Sitobion avenae. The addition of synergists DEF, an esterase inhibitor, PBO, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor, and DEM, a glutathione S-transferase inhibitor, resulted in apparent reductions in the differential susceptibilities, suggesting the involvement of the above three detoxification enzymes in the differential susceptibility to pirimicarb between Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi. A biochemical analysis showed that the activities of carboxylesterases and glutathione S-transferases were significantly higher in Sitobion avenae than in Rhopalosiphum padi, consistent with the results of synergism. Acetylcholinesterase is the target enzyme of pirimicarb and the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase to pirimicarb was significantly higher in Rhopalosiphum padi than in Sitobion avenae. The combined results suggest that multiple mechanisms are likely to be responsible for differential susceptibilities to pirimicarb between Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi. The results obtained from this study should be helpful in the rational applications of insecticides.

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