scholarly journals Development of Sharing Economy and its Impact on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
D.V. Valko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
The World ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Bank Group ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the potential of the sharing economy and the impact of current transformations in the sphere of shared consumption on economic growth and general welfare. The aim of the paper is to test the hypothesis about the possible negative impact of the sharing economy on economic growth and public welfare despite the growth in individual welfare. The study relies on the theory of economic growth, empirical evidence and expert assessments of the impact of the sharing economy on public welfare and economic growth. Expert and statistical data from the World Bank Group, World Economic Forum, RAEC, RBC, etc. on the development of this sector in Russia and in the world are cited; individual cases and examples are discussed. The conclusion is made that the prospects of development of the sharing economy and its impact on economic development, growth and general welfare significantly depend on the effectiveness of local regulation. The traditional methodology of economic growth accounting related to the ownership of newly created value should be reconsidered. This paper may be useful for further research on the sharing economy and public welfare in the digital and circular economy.

TRANSITION ECONOMIES PROBLEMS WITH SPECIFIC FOCUS ON DEALING WITH SCALE OF CORRUPTION CASE STUDY – KOSOVO

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-334
Author(s):  
Ariana Xhemajli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Corruption Case ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Theoretical and empirical debate on the impact of corruption on the economy remains unclear. Many studies on corruption seem that the world is occupied by two kinds of people, "sanders" and "greasers”. It depends on what the meaning of "corruption" is for them. Some scholars argue that corruption is an obstacle to economic growth, whereas others believe that corruption can (in some circumstances) endorse growth. Corruption also has a negative impact on investment, Foreign Direct Investment, and economic development as a whole. Measuring corruption is still an issue for most economists due to the difficulties of defining it, and also different forms of corruption require different objective measures. Nevertheless, recently, some measures of corruption have been widely accepted and recognized by researchers. This paper is a critical review at these positions by reviewing the theoretical literature on the impact of corruption on an economy as a whole. In this paper we will treat the corruption level in Kosovo, and its presence in forms and ways how the bribe is been given. Instead, this document reviews different measurements of corruption to reveal that corruption is harmful for the economy.

scholarly journals Can Highway Networks Promote Productivity? Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Yumei Lin ◽  
Junpei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Matrix Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Highway Construction ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Highway Networks ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The total mileage of highways in China ranks first in the world and constitutes an important symbol of China’s modernization. Economists, however, continue to debate whether highways always promote economic growth in every region and how to assess the impact. In this paper, we first use the OD-MATRIX method to calculate the shortest highway traveling time among 332 prefecture-level cities in China from 2000 to 2013. It is shown that the reduction of traveling time brought by highway construction significantly improves enterprise productivity. Second, to further explore the mechanism at work, we apply market potential approach to examine its effect on productivity. It is found that on average, the enhanced market potential induced by highway construction in China positively affect enterprise productivity. Finally, we calculate urban centrality via the space gravity model and conduct a sample regression according to the rank of urban centrality. Interestingly, we find that the impact of highways on productivity varies depending on cities’ degree of urban centrality. Highways have a positive impact in high-centrality cities but a negative impact in low-centrality cities. This correlation can be explained, in turn, by factors that include labor and capital flow from low-centrality cities to high-centrality cities.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of COVID-restrictions on the economy of Ukraine and the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4(59)) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Serhii Voitko ◽  
Tetiana Mazanko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The object of research is the processes of reducing economic activity in Ukraine and the world during COVID-restrictions, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in 2020 compared to 2019 by country and in various sectors of the economy. The most topical researches and publications in which the given questions are covered are analyzed. Based on statistical data, the paper shows a slight decline in Ukraine's GDP in 2020. Based on the consideration of the negative impact of quarantine restrictions, it was noted that the type of economic activity (EA) such as passenger transport suffered the most. At the same time, as the production of foreign trade, the performance of retail trade and construction has improved its dynamics. Elsewhere in the world, there has also been a slight economic downturn, while China has been able to maintain a slight increase in GDP. For 2021, there is a positive outlook for economic growth. The introduction of lockdowns and quarantine restrictions has led to a simultaneous reduction in CO2 emissions worldwide and reduced the negative impact on the environment. Thanks to the data of carbon dioxide emissions monitoring, it is possible to see a significant reduction in emissions since the beginning of COVID-restrictions in 2020. At the end of the year, the level of emissions reached almost the same level as before the restrictions, but the total volume for the year decreased significantly. If to look at the sectors, the largest amount of carbon dioxide emissions decreased in the aviation sector. This also applies to the land transport sector. Peaks of falling CO2 emissions occur in April 2020. The study showed that the reduction in economic activity due to «lockdowns» and quarantine restrictions affected the fall in energy consumption, especially in the aviation and land transport sectors, and this, in turn, led to a reduction carbon dioxide. This duly explains the relationship between declining economic growth and reducing CO2 emissions. The conducted research will be of interest to relevant ministries and departments in terms of their areas of responsibility, relevant organizations dealing with environmental and economic research, specialists who study and use in practice research on socio-economic problems of society.

Unveiling the Theoretical Mistakes in the World Bank Formation and its Implication on Survival of Africa Monetary Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Olatunji Abdul Shobande ◽  
Kingsley Chinonso Mark
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Bank Group ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Developed Nations

Abstract The quest for urgent solution to resolve the world liquidity problem has continued to generate enthusiastic debates among political economists, policy makers and the academia. The argument has focused on whether the World Bank Group was established to enhance the stability of international financial system or meant to enrich the developed nations. This study argues that the existing political interest of the World Bank Group in Africa may serve as lesson learned to other ambitious African Monetary Union.

Has Aid Helped in Pakistan?

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4II) ◽  
pp. 947-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Rafi Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This paper has a two-fold objective: first, to examine the terms on which Pakistan receives aid and whether its debt situation is sustainable, and second, to examine the impact of aid and debt on economic growth. It is found that there is little encouraging that can be said about how the terms on which Pakistan has received aid over time have changed, and its current debt situation is not sustainable. Also reported is the analysis done elsewhere which shows that aid has a negative (Granger) causal impact on GDP, and aid has a robust negative impact on economic growth after controlling for supplyside shocks. We provide various reasons for this negative association.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Surgical Training: the Past, the Present and the Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Yiasemidou
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Surgical Services ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and infection control measures had an unavoidable impact on surgical services. During the first wave of the pandemic, elective surgery, endoscopy, and ‘face-to-face’ clinics were discontinued after recommendations from professional bodies. In addition, training courses, examinations, conferences, and training rotations were postponed or cancelled. Inadvertently, infection control and prevention measures, both within and outside hospitals, have caused a significant negative impact on training. At the same time, they have given space to new technologies, like telemedicine and platforms for webinars, to blossom. While the recovery phase is well underway in some parts of the world, most surgical services are not operating at full capacity. Unfortunately, some countries are still battling a second or third wave of the pandemic with severely negative consequences on surgical services. Several studies have looked into the impact of COVID-19 on surgical training. Here, an objective overview of studies from different parts of the world is presented. Also, evidence-based solutions are suggested for future surgical training interventions.

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