scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of COVID-restrictions on the economy of Ukraine and the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4(59)) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Serhii Voitko ◽  
Tetiana Mazanko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The object of research is the processes of reducing economic activity in Ukraine and the world during COVID-restrictions, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in 2020 compared to 2019 by country and in various sectors of the economy. The most topical researches and publications in which the given questions are covered are analyzed. Based on statistical data, the paper shows a slight decline in Ukraine's GDP in 2020. Based on the consideration of the negative impact of quarantine restrictions, it was noted that the type of economic activity (EA) such as passenger transport suffered the most. At the same time, as the production of foreign trade, the performance of retail trade and construction has improved its dynamics. Elsewhere in the world, there has also been a slight economic downturn, while China has been able to maintain a slight increase in GDP. For 2021, there is a positive outlook for economic growth. The introduction of lockdowns and quarantine restrictions has led to a simultaneous reduction in CO2 emissions worldwide and reduced the negative impact on the environment. Thanks to the data of carbon dioxide emissions monitoring, it is possible to see a significant reduction in emissions since the beginning of COVID-restrictions in 2020. At the end of the year, the level of emissions reached almost the same level as before the restrictions, but the total volume for the year decreased significantly. If to look at the sectors, the largest amount of carbon dioxide emissions decreased in the aviation sector. This also applies to the land transport sector. Peaks of falling CO2 emissions occur in April 2020. The study showed that the reduction in economic activity due to «lockdowns» and quarantine restrictions affected the fall in energy consumption, especially in the aviation and land transport sectors, and this, in turn, led to a reduction carbon dioxide. This duly explains the relationship between declining economic growth and reducing CO2 emissions. The conducted research will be of interest to relevant ministries and departments in terms of their areas of responsibility, relevant organizations dealing with environmental and economic research, specialists who study and use in practice research on socio-economic problems of society.

Analysing scenarios for energy emissions reduction in South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
S Moodley ◽  
RM Mabugu ◽  
R Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
Energy Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Global environmental pressure dictates that South Africa reduces its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while national objectives focus on economic development. South Africa is faced with the dilemma of simultaneously alleviating poverty, reducing unemployment, growing the economy and responding to international pressure to reduce GHG emissions. As a result, policies that promote energy emissions reduction without being harmful to economic growth and national developmental priorities are needed. Environmental fiscal reform presents one such option. The impact of this is still unclear for South Africa, and this paper explores this issue. Energy balance data on energy consumption, energy emissions and input-output data for South Africa are used to assess the economic and environmental effects of environmental reform in the energy sector. Despite the high reduction in energy emissions, a tax on coal is not selected as the best alternative given the high negative impact on the economy. A tax on oil results in a low reduction in energy emissions, which limits its use as an environmental policy. The scenario using a petroleum products tax results in small decreases in economic growth but it has low energy emissions reduction, hence, this alternative is not selected as an option. Energy subsidy reform offers the second highest reduction in real energy emissions and a low decrease in economic growth, and this scenario is therefore recognised as the best option for carbon dioxide reduction in South Africa. The electricity tax offers moderate reductions in real energy emissions and a moderate decrease in economic growth, and therefore, it is deduced that the electricity tax option could be another option for carbon dioxide emissions reduction in South Africa.

The Relationship Between Health Expenditure, CO2 Emissions And Economic Growth In The BRICS Countries——Based On The Fourier ARDL Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangjhy Li ◽  
Tsangyao Chang ◽  
Mei-Chih Wang ◽  
Jun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the process of urbanization in developing countries, transportation infrastructure will be built and population migration will also occur. Although these actions can promote economic growth, they can also affect CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions will affect the health of residents, thereby changing health expenditures. The interaction of these three aspects is also a hot topic among scholars. The BRICS countries are emerging countries with the highest carbon dioxide emissions in the world. Discovering problems from empirical research is the focus of our research. This paper finds that, in the long-term, with CO2 emissions as the dependent variable and health expenditure and economic growth as the independent variables, there is a cointegration relationship between Brazil and China. In the short-term, there is a causal relationship between India’s CO2 emissions and health spending; other countries only show a one-way relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, medical spending, or economic growth. Our recommendations to the BRICS countries are as follows: (1) The BRICS countries should transform their economic development methods and use low-polluting alternative energy sources; (2) Brazil and India should pay attention to the indirect effects of economic growth and align economic growth policies with health expenditure policies. (3) South Africa should pay more attention to the sustainability of the impact of economic growth policies on health expenditures.JEL Classification: C22, E23, I18, O13,

scholarly journals An Attempt to Reduce the Emission of Spark-Ignition Engine with Mixtures of Bioethanol and Gasoline as Substitute Fuels

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gis ◽  
Maciej Gis ◽  
Piotr Wiśniowski ◽  
Mateusz Bednarski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Limiting emissions of harmful substances is a key task for vehicle manufacturers. Excessive emissions have a negative impact not only on the environment, but also on human life. A significant problem is the emission of nitrogen oxides as well as solid particles, in particular those up to a diameter of 2.5 microns. Carbon dioxide emissions are also a problem. Therefore, work is underway on the use of alternative fuels to power the vehicle engines. The importance of alternative fuels applies to spark ignition engines. The authors of the article have done simulation tests of the Renault K4M 1.6 16v traction engine for emissions for fuels with a volumetric concentration of bioethanol from 10 to 85 percent. The analysis was carried out for mixtures as substitute fuels – without doing any structural changes in the engine's crankshafts. Emission of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, oxygen at full throttle for selected rotational speeds as well as selected engine performance parameters such as maximum power, torque, hourly and unit fuel consumption were determined. On the basis of the simulation tests performed, the reasonableness of using the tested alternative fuels was determined on the example of the drive unit without affecting its constructions, in terms of e.g. issue. Maximum power, torque, and fuel consumption have also been examined and compared. Thus, the impact of alternative fuels will be determined not only in terms of emissions, but also in terms of impact on the parameters of the power unit.

scholarly journals The Impact of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth on Carbon Dioxide Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7965
Author(s):  
Oluyomi A. Osobajo ◽  
Afolabi Otitoju ◽  
Martha Ajibola Otitoju ◽  
Adekunle Oke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
The Impact

This study explored the effect of energy consumption and economic growth on CO2 emissions. The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions was assessed using regression analysis (the pooled OLS regression and fixed effects methods), Granger causality and panel cointegration tests. Data from 70 countries between 1994–2013 were analysed. The result of the Granger causality tests revealed that the study variables (population, capital stock and economic growth) have a bi-directional causal relationship with CO2 emissions, while energy consumption has a uni-directional relationship. Likewise, the outcome of the cointegration tests established that a long-run relationship exists among the study variables (energy consumption and economic growth) with CO2 emissions. However, the pooled OLS and fixed methods both showed that energy consumption and economic growth have a significant positive impact on CO2 emissions. Hence, this study supports the need for a global transition to a low carbon economy primarily through climate finance, which refers to local, national, or transnational financing, that may be drawn from public, private and alternative sources of financing. This will help foster large-scale investments in clean energy, that are required to significantly reduce CO2 emissions.

Relationships between Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment and Export in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 4544-4547
Author(s):  
Di Wang ◽  
Guo Zhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Export Structure

China's CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2010 were calculated as well as two economical models were established, and the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) and export trade was analyzed. The result shows that the relations between China's carbon emissions and GDP showing the "N" type. Economic growth and export trade had significantly promoted China's carbon emissions, while the relations between FDI and China's carbon emissions are not significant. During the past years, exports have played an important role in promoting china's economic development. However, the main exporting industries are energy and emission intensive, which reveals disadvantage for carbon reduction. To reverse the negative impact of the export to china's carbon dioxide emissions, export structure should be optimized, and the outdated technology, equipment and products should be eliminated, while energy-conservative and environmental friendly industries should be promoted.

scholarly journals Development of Sharing Economy and its Impact on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
D.V. Valko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
The World ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Bank Group ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the potential of the sharing economy and the impact of current transformations in the sphere of shared consumption on economic growth and general welfare. The aim of the paper is to test the hypothesis about the possible negative impact of the sharing economy on economic growth and public welfare despite the growth in individual welfare. The study relies on the theory of economic growth, empirical evidence and expert assessments of the impact of the sharing economy on public welfare and economic growth. Expert and statistical data from the World Bank Group, World Economic Forum, RAEC, RBC, etc. on the development of this sector in Russia and in the world are cited; individual cases and examples are discussed. The conclusion is made that the prospects of development of the sharing economy and its impact on economic development, growth and general welfare significantly depend on the effectiveness of local regulation. The traditional methodology of economic growth accounting related to the ownership of newly created value should be reconsidered. This paper may be useful for further research on the sharing economy and public welfare in the digital and circular economy.

scholarly journals Curva de Kuznets Ambiental y determinantes de las emisiones de C02 en Ecuador: un enfoque de cointegración

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 6453-6474
Author(s):  
Leobaldo Enrique Molero Oliva ◽  
Tanya Shyrna Andino Chancay ◽  
Mayra Iveth Párraga Mogrovejo ◽  
Holger Esteban Álava Martínez ◽  
Holger Fabrizzio Bejarano Copo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
The Face ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

La hipótesis de la Curva de Kuznets Ambiental es de gran importancia para comprender la relación entre la actividad económica y la degradación ambiental. Dada la situación actual de cambio climático y crisis ambiental, se ha vuelto importante investigar el impacto de la expansión económica en el medio ambiente.  El presente estudio tiene como objetivo comprobar la hipótesis de una CKA para Ecuador, para lo cual se estima un modelo empírico que permite identificar los principales determinantes de corto y largo plazo de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono per cápita como medida del deterioro ambiental para el período 1965-2019. La metodología propuesta está sustentada en el enfoque de cointegración de Pesaran y Shin (1999) en el marco de un modelo autorregresivo de rezagos distribuidos (ARDL). Los resultados confirman la relevancia del impacto del nivel de desarrollo o ingreso, apertura económica, precio del petróleo y consumo de energía primaria en relación con las emisiones per cápita de dióxido de carbono; asimismo, se verifica la CKA, lo que implica que el deterioro ambiental es una función creciente del nivel de actividad económica hasta un determinado nivel crítico de renta, que se ubicó en 3.688,6 USD a precios constante. Despues de ese nivel, el crecimiento se asocia con niveles progresivamente mayores de calidad ambiental. Sin embargo, las emisiones pueden incrementarse ante variaciones en el precio del petróleo y el consumo de emergería primaria. De este modo, se concluye que un crecimiento más elevado a corto plazo puede acelerar la transición del país hacia niveles de ingreso compatibles con menores emisiones.   The Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is of great importance for understanding the relationship between economic activity and environmental degradation. Given the current situation of climate change and environmental crisis, it has become important to investigate the impact of economic expansion on the environment. The present study aims to test the hypothesis of a CKA for Ecuador, for which an empirical model is estimated that allows identifying the main short and long-term determinants of per capita carbon dioxide emissions as a measure of environmental deterioration for the period 1965-2019. The proposed methodology is based on the cointegration approach of Pesaran and Shin (1999) within the framework of an autoregressive model of distributed lags (ARDL). The results confirm the relevance of the impact of the level of development or income, economic openness, oil price and primary energy consumption in relation to per capita emissions of carbon dioxide; Likewise, the CKA is verified, which implies that environmental deterioration is a growing function of the level of economic activity up to a certain critical income level, which was located at USD 3,688.6 at constant prices. After that level, growth is associated with progressively higher levels of environmental quality. However, emissions may increase in the face of variations in the price of oil and consumption of primary emergencies. In this way, it is concluded that higher growth in the short term can accelerate the country's transition towards income levels compatible with lower emissions.

scholarly journals Structural Vector Autoregressive Approach to Evaluate the Impact of Electricity Generation Mix on Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in Iran

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Oryani ◽  
Yoonmo Koo ◽  
Shahabaldin Rezania
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structural Vector

This research attempts to evaluate the impact of renewable electricity generation mix on economic growth and CO2 emissions in Iran from 1980 to 2016. In this regard, by using EViews 10, the Structural Vector Autoregressive model (SVAR) is estimated by imposing the Blanchard and Quah long-run restrictions. The yearly data on real Gross Domestic Production (GDP), the share of electricity generation from renewable sources, and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) caused by liquid, solid, and gaseous fuels were used. The positive impact of one standard deviation shock of increasing the share of renewable electricity on economic growth was confirmed by using Impulse Response Function (IRF). Contrary to the expectation, the share of renewable electricity in the energy mix is not at a desirable level to lower CO2 emissions, which partly could be explained by the dominant role of fossil fuel in Iran (as an energy-driven country). Moreover, the findings of Variance Decomposition (VD) verified the low share of electricity generated by renewable energy in explaining forecast error variations in economic growth and CO2 emissions. It indicates that in this stage of development, increasing the share of renewable electricity could not be considered as an appropriate strategy to control environmental issues. Therefore, initiating and implementing environmental policies could be considered as the most proper policies to lower CO2 emissions and to achieve the goal of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Identifying the Sustainable Industry by Input–Output Analysis Combined with CO2 Emissions: A Time Series Study from 2005 to 2015 in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6043
Author(s):  
Junhwan Moon ◽  
Eungyeong Yun ◽  
Jaebeom Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Korean Economy ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linkage Effects

Preventing global warming caused by increased CO2 emissions is a major global problem. It is necessary to find and cultivate an efficient industry with a small amount of CO2 emissions and a great impact on the national economy. This article used input–output analysis to quantify the linkage effects on the Korean economy by dividing the Korean industries into 36 categories, according to the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) industrial classification criteria. In addition, the total amount of carbon dioxide emitted during the year was described by its criteria to compare how much of one industry emits carbon dioxide. The analysis shows that Korea still has an economic structure centered on traditional manufacturing and the characteristics of these industries include CO2 emissions. According to the result, in the construction industry, the carbon dioxide emissions are considerably high, but the linkage effects of the industry is small. By quantitatively analyzing the impact of an industry on the economy and carbon dioxide emissions generated in the production process, this study aimed to identify Korea’s eco-friendly and highly related industries with other industries and objectively present sustainable development.

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