scholarly journals Production of road oil bitumens by the method of chemical modification of oil residues.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
V.М. Gunka ◽  
Yu.V. Prysiazhnyi ◽  
Yu.Ya. Demchuk ◽  
Yu.M. Hrynchuk ◽  
Yu.V. Sidun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Needle Penetration ◽  
Oil Residue ◽  
Process Factors

PRODUCTION OF ROAD OIL BITUMENS BY THE METHOD OF CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF OIL RESIDUES © V.М. Gunka, PhD in technical sciences, Yu.V. Prysiazhnyi, PhD in technical sciences, Yu.Ya. Demchuk, PhD in technical sciences, Yu.M. Hrynchuk, PhD in technical sciences, Yu.V. Sidun, PhD in technical sciences, M.M. Bratychak, Doctor of Chemical Sciences (Lviv Polytechnic Naional University, 12 Stepan Bandera Str., 79013, Lviv, Ukraine) The article is devoted to obtaining road oil bitumen from oil residues by modifying them with relatively cheap low molecular weight organic substances. The proposed method relates to a chemical modification, which, in case of its industrial implementation, will allow avoiding the use of expensive physical modifiers. A 37 % aqueous solution of formaldehyde was used as low molecular weight organic substances (modifier / chemical reagent of the process) for chemical modification of tar; concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was used as a catalyst for the chemical modification of tar. As a feedstock for chemical modification, we used an oil residue - tar, selected at PJSC “Ukrtatnafta” (Kremenchug, Ukraine). The chemical modification with formaldehyde was carried out in hermetic stationary containers capable of operating under excess pressure. The photographs of the equipment are given. Since the ultimate goal of the work was to obtain road oil bitumen, then, analyzing the results of experimental studies, we focused on the quality characteristics of this particular product. At the same time, the most important quality indicators were determined, namely: the depth of needle penetration, softening temperature, ductility (extensibility), adhesion to glass (adhesion to glass), Fraas brittle temperature, penetration index. For tar, the following characteristics such as density, flash point in an open crucible, and a boiling point were additionally determined. As a result of the experiments, the fundamental possibility of obtaining road oil bitumen by the method of chemical modification of tar with formaldehyde was established. It was revealed that the process factors (formaldehyde content in the reaction mixture, catalyst content in the reaction mixture, temperature and duration) have a significant effect on the quality of the resulting product. Changing their values allows you to adjust the values of the quality characteristics of the resulting bitumen. Keywords: binders, bitumen, oil residue, modification. Corresponding author V.М. Gunka, e-mail: [email protected]

Structure-based virtual screening and ADME/T-based profiling for low molecular weight chemical starting points as p21-activated kinase 4 inhibitors

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (30) ◽  
pp. 23202-23209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijuan Li ◽  
Xiaolin Su ◽  
Zheng Chen ◽  
Wanxu Huang ◽  
Yali Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Screening Approach ◽  
P21 Activated Kinase ◽  
Virtual Screening Approach

Novel PAK4 inhibitors were discovered using structure-based virtual screening approach for further chemical modification.

Research on Chemical Modification of Wood of Fast-Growing Poplar

2013 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 461-465
Author(s):  
De Jun Shen ◽  
Chang Hai Yu ◽  
Zhen Xing
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Structural Material ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Performance Requirements

This topic is considered to modify the fast-growing Poplar to improve the properties, in order to fully meet the performance requirements for the structural material. This study aims to improve the dimensional stability and some other mechanical properties through impregnated with the low-molecular-weight PF resin. Through design orthogonal test in different mole ratio of Formaldehyde and Phenol, different amount of NaOH and PVA, we make PF resin to impregnate Poplar and pressing into laminated timber to measure bonding strength, MOR, MOE. The study indicated that: the optimum conditions of the low molecular weight PF resin for modify Poplar are: mole ratio of Formaldehyde and Phenol is 2.4, mole ratio of NaOH and phenol is 0.05, amount of PVA is 3% of the phenol. Under this condition Poplar specimen got the biggest increase in various properties and it can satisfy the requirements of the outdoor wood structure.

Clinical And Experimental Studies On FBG Heterogeneity And Fibrinogenolysis —Especially In DIC And UK Treatment

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yamauchi ◽  
H Takei ◽  
T Seya ◽  
Y Oguma ◽  
T Murakoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Partial Degradation

ABy means of SDS-PAGE (3.3% gel), Fbg heterogeneity originated from partial degradation of Aα chain was studied. Comparison of electrophoretic patterns of plasma and corresponding serum made it possible to identify 2 major Fbg bands designated as high-molecular-weight Fbg (HMW, MW 350,000) and low-molecular-weight Fbg (LMW, MW 310,000). LMW comprised 28×2% (mean×S.D) of total Fbg (HMW+LMW) in healty subjects. The elevation of fibrinolytic activity did not accompany the increase of percentages of LMW in various diseases, even in cirrhotic patients whose levels of α2;PI were low. In DIC patients percentages of LMW were decreased extremely (12×6%, mean×SD). Samples from animal experimental models of DIC exhibited the same pattern of Fbg heterogeneity as that of DIC patients.UK was added to the purified Fbg in vitro. On the earliest stage of the fibrinogenolysis. 2 bands appeared newly on SDS-PAGE, while the bands of HMW and LMW were decreased. One of these new bands (Band 1) corresponded with a major compornent of Fraction 1-9 of Mosesson. It was located in the slightly anodal position (MW 300,000) from LMW band. Another band (MW 270,000) migrated between Band 1 and the band of Frag X. The same pattern of Fbg heterogeneity was observed in patients recieving large dose of UK. After cessation of UK treatment these new bands disappeared, while the bands of HMW was increased extremelThese findings suggest that HMW is a freshly synthesized Fbg and that unknown mechanism without plasmin may present for the conversion HMW to LMW.

Fingerprinting of volatile organic compounds for quick assessment of vigour status of seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Umarani ◽  
M. Bhaskaran ◽  
C. Vanitha ◽  
M. Tilak
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Seed Deterioration ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Quick Assessment ◽  
Storage Reserves

AbstractSeed is a fertilized mature ovule, which possesses an embryonic plant. When the dry, mature seeds are subjected to imbibition, they release a wide range of organic substances, which include low molecular weight carbonyl compounds (gases and volatiles) and water-soluble organic substances (enzymes and polysaccharides). The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are molecules of low molecular weight (300 g mol−1) and high vapour pressure (0.01 kPa at 20°C) and include diverse chemical compounds. The nature and emission kinetics of volatiles produced from seeds vary, depending on the moisture content of the seeds. Orthodox seeds stored at ‘low seed moisture content’ undergo seed deterioration, predominantly due to lipid peroxidation, initiated by autoxidation or enzymatic oxidation of unsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. This peroxidation leads to emission of volatile compounds. The quantity of VOCs emitted is positively correlated with the advancement of seed deterioration. With respect to the seed germination process, exposure of seeds to ‘high moisture conditions’ leads to increased respiration, triggers glycolysis and mobilization of storage reserves, resulting in the emission of volatile metabolic products. The quantity of VOCs emitted on commencement of metabolic activity in germinating seeds depends on (1) vigour status and (2) amount of storage reserves. Since it has been established that there is a significant difference between high and low vigour seeds with respect to quantity and profile of VOCs emitted, there is great potential for utilizing the VOC profile to obtain a quick and reproducible test of vigour status of crop seeds. In order to harness the VOC profile for quick assessment of vigour status of seeds, research has to be taken up to develop standard protocols for fingerprinting of VOCs for the purpose of seed vigour assessment and to fix the standard volatile biomarker(s) specific to crop and vigour status of seeds.

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