Doppler ultrasound findings in female infertility: With special reference to pelvic inflammatory disease and endocrinological factors

Abstract Background The present study aims to provide a comparative analysis of the etiologies of female infertility between Dehong, on the Yunnan Frontier, and Kunming. Methods A retrospective study, which included 941 infertile females in Kunming who were treated in the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province and infertile females who were treated in the local hospital in Dehong from January 2016 to November 2018, was conducted. A comparative analysis of the etiologies of infertility in the two regions was then carried out. Results In patients with primary infertility, ovulation disorder (15.03%) was the main cause of infertility in Kunming, and pelvic inflammatory disease (25.59%) was the main cause in Dehong. With regard to secondary infertility, although pelvic inflammatory disease was the main cause of infertility in both regions, the incidence of intrauterine adhesions in Kunming was significantly higher than in Dehong. Conclusions The etiology of infertility showed different epidemiological characteristics depending on the region, hence individualized treatment should be given accordingly

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Chlamydia trachomatis and the Risk of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Ectopic Pregnancy, and Female Infertility: A Retrospective Cohort Study Among Primary Care Patients

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciz429 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (9) ◽

pp. 1517-1525 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Casper D J den Heijer ◽

Christian J P A Hoebe ◽

Johanna H M Driessen ◽

Petra Wolffs ◽

Ingrid V F van den Broek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Ectopic Pregnancy ◽

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Female Infertility ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Ct Test

Abstract Background We evaluated the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, and infertility in women with a previous Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) diagnosis compared with women who tested negative for CT and CT untested women, considering both targeted and incidental (ie, prescribed for another indication) use of CT-effective antibiotics. Methods This was a retrospective study of women aged 12–25 years at start of follow-up within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database linked to index of multiple deprivation quintiles, 2000–2013. CT test status and antibiotic use were determined in a time-dependent manner. Risk of PID, ectopic pregnancy, or female infertility were evaluated using of Cox proportional hazard models. Results We studied 857 324 women, contributing 6 457 060 person-years. Compared with women who tested CT-negative, women who tested CT-positive had an increased risk of PID (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.01–2.79), ectopic pregnancy (aHR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.38–2.54), and infertility (aHR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.27–2.68). The PID risk was higher for women with 2 or more positive CT tests than those with 1 positive test. PID risk increased with the number of previous antibiotic prescriptions, regardless of CT test status. Conclusions We showed an association between CT-positive tests and 3 adverse reproductive health outcomes. Moreover, this risk increased with repeat CT infections. CT-effective antibiotic use showed no decreased risks of subsequent PID regardless of CT history. Our results confirm the reproductive health burden of CT, which requires adequate public health interventions.

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