Comorbidity between Disruptive Disorders and Depression in Referred Adolescents

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Rey
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Disruptive Disorders ◽  
Parent Questionnaires ◽  
Oppositional Disorder ◽  
High Comorbidity ◽  
Very High

Parent questionnaires from large Australian (N=2093) and American (N=500) clinic cohorts of adolescents were used to diagnose depression, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, and oppositional and conduct disorders. Co-occurrence of diagnoses was very high. Comorbidity between depression and conduct disorder was not higher than that expected for any psychiatric disorder (odds ratios =1.20 and 1.45 respectively for each cohort) while comorbidity between attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and oppositional disorder was higher than expected (odds ratios =7.03 and 9.02) but comparable to that between conduct and oppositional disorder (odds ratios =7.35 and 6.14). Co-occurrence of depression with other disorders did not increase the likelihood of comorbid conduct disorder.

Attention-deficit disorder and conduct disorder in girls: evidence for a familial subtype

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen V Faraone ◽  
Joseph Biederman ◽  
Michael C Monuteaux
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder

Family Environment in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity, Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorders

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Rey ◽  
Garry Walter ◽  
Jon M. Plapp ◽  
Elise Denshire
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
The Family

Objective: This study aims to ascertain whether there were differences in family environment among patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Method: The records of 233 patients, selected for high or low scores on a scale that taps ADHD symptoms, were reviewed by three clinicians who made DSM-IV diagnoses and rated the family environment with the Global Family Environment Scale (GFES). Self-report data obtained from the parent and child versions of the Child Behaviour Checklist were also used. The quality of the family environment was then compared between the various diagnostic groups. Results: A poorer family environment was associated with conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder and predicted a worse outcome (e.g. admission to a non-psychiatric institution, drug and alcohol abuse). Quality of the family environment did not vary according to ADHD diagnosis or gender. Conclusions: There seems to be no association between the quality of the family environment and a diagnosis of ADHD among referred adolescents. However, there is an association with conduct disorder. Interventions that improve family environment in the early years of life may prevent the development of conduct problems.

Depressed Children of Depressed Parents

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Kashani ◽  
J.P. Burk ◽  
J.C. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Child Psychiatrist ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Depressed Children ◽  
Oppositional Disorder ◽  
Depressed Parents ◽  
Overanxious Disorder

Fifty children whose parents had a diagnosis of affective disorder were given a stuctured diagnostic interview by a child psychiatrist. The parents were also interviewed about their children. Fourteen per cent of the children were found to be depressed. Compared to the remaining children, the depressed children endorsed significantly more symptoms of attention deficit disorder, oppositional disorder, mania, overanxious disorder, phobia, and bulima in the interview. The parent's interview disclosed that the depressed children were abused significantly more than the non-depressed group.

Behavioral Subtypes of Attention Deficit Disorder

1993 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roscoe A. Dykman ◽  
Peggy T. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Parent Ratings ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Laboratory Measures

This article reviews research on three behavioral subtypes of attention deficit disorder (ADD): without hyperactivity (ADD/WO), with hyperactivity (ADDH), and with hyperactivity and aggression (ADDHA). Children with ADDHA appear to be at increased risk to have oppositional and conduct disorders, whereas children with ADD/WO tend to show symptoms such as anxiety and depressed mood. Children in the three subtypes have similar rates of learning disabilities, but all have higher rates than found in control groups. Teacher and parent ratings are more sensitive than laboratory measures in differentiating the subtypes. Follow-up studies strongly suggest more adverse outcomes for ADDHA children.

Attention deficit disorder and conduct disorder: longitudinal evidence for a familial subtype

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. FARAONE ◽  
J. BIEDERMAN ◽  
J. G. JETTON ◽  
M. T. TSUANG
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Familial Association ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Study Methodology

Background. An obstacle to the successful classification of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the frequently reported co-morbidity between ADHD and conduct disorder (CD). Prior work suggested that from a familial perspective, ADHD children with CD may be aetiologically distinct from those without CD.Methods. Using family study methodology and three longitudinal assessments over 4 years, we tested hypotheses about patterns of familial association between ADHD, CD, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and adult antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).Results. At the 4-year follow-up, there were 34 children with lifetime diagnoses of ADHD + CD, 59 with ADHD + ODD and 33 with ADHD only. These were compared with 92 non-ADHD, non-CD, non-ODD control probands. Familial risk analysis revealed the following: (1) relatives of each ADHD proband subgroup were at significantly greater risk for ADHD and ODD than relatives of normal controls; (2) rates of CD and ASPD were elevated among relatives of ADHD + CD probands only; (3) the co-aggregation of ADHD and the antisocial disorders could not be accounted for by marriages between ADHD and antisocial spouses; and (4) both ADHD and antisocial disorders occurred in the same relatives more often than expected by chance alone.Conclusions. These findings suggest that ADHD with and without antisocial disorders may be aetiologically distinct disorders and provide evidence for the nosologic validity of ICD-10 hyperkinetic conduct disorder.

Relation of Attention Deficit and Conduct Disorder to Vigilance and Reading Lag

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Levy ◽  
Kim Horn ◽  
Robert Dalglish
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Axis I ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between DSM-III Axis I diagnoses ‘attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity’ (ADDH), ‘conduct disorder’ (CD) and ‘anxiety disorder’ (AD) and measures of attention and reading were studied in 158 children. Children diagnosed as having severe or moderate ADDH were found to be younger at referral and to have a lower IQ than were children with CD and AD. When age, IQ, social class and sex were controlled, children with severe ADDH were found to perform significantly worse than other diagnostic groups on some tests of vigilance and reading age. The data suggest that children with severe ADDH form a distinct group, and those with mild ADDH overlap symptomatically and on tests of vigilance with children with CD.

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