Oxygen Affinity and Acid-Base Status of Human Blood during Exposure to Hypoxia and Carbon Monoxide

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Mulhausen ◽  
Poul Astrup ◽  
Kresten Mellemgaard
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Acid Base Status

Oxygen affinity of human blood in presence of carbon monoxide

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Considerable Error

If carbon monoxide is present in the blood, it is necessary to quantitate its effect on apparent O2 affinity in order to properly compute venous PO2 and P50. Ways of doing this are analyzed theoretically. The classical principles of Haldane and of Roughton and Darling are reviewed and simplified. The method of computation of PO2 in the presence of CO as introduced by Forster is shown to be in considerable error. The source of this error is determined. The error produced if the presence of CO is ignored during the computation of P50 is analyzed.

Variability of oxygen affinity of blood: human subjects native to high altitude

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Winslow ◽  
C. C. Monge ◽  
N. J. Statham ◽  
C. G. Gibson ◽  
S. Charache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Whole blood O2 equilibrium curves (OEC) were measured in 46 Peruvians native to high altitude (4,540 m) and in 25 sea-level controls. A method was employed that records the entire OEC from 0 to 150 Torr with constant pH and PCO2. The data were analyzed by fitting the Adair equation describing the successive oxygenation of hemoglobin. At pH 7.4 the PO2 at which hemoglobin is half-saturated with O2 (P50) was significantly higher in the high-altitude population (31.2 +/- 1.9 Torr) than in controls (29.2 +/- 1.8 Torr, P less than 0.001). The acid-base status of the high-altitude subjects, however, was that of compensated respiratory alkalosis (plasma pH 7.439 +/- 0.065), and when the P50's were corrected to the subjects' plasma pH the values (30.1 +/- 2.2 Torr) could no longer be distinguished from the controls. We conclude that, on the average, increased P50 resulting from increased red cell 2,3-diphosphyoglycerate concentration at high altitude is offset by compensated respiratory alkalosis with the net result that the position of the OEC more closely approaches that of sea-level humans than has hitherto been thought. Considerable variation exists in P50, both at sea level and high altitude. This variation might have important consequences for acclimatization and survival under adverse environmental conditions.

To Manage Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis by "Double-Y Pyloromyotomy" is a better Surgical Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Md. Ansar Ali ◽  
Kaniz Hasina ◽  
Shahnoor Islam ◽  
Md. Ashraf Ul Huq ◽  
Md. Mahbub-Ul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Postoperative Vomiting ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Postoperative Feeding

Background: Different treatment modalities and procedures have been tried for the management of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. But surgery remains the mainstay for management of IHPS. Ramstedt’s pyloromyotomy was described almost over a hundred years ago and to date remains the surgical technique of choice. An alternative and better technique is the double-Y pyloromyotomy, which offer better results for management of this common condition.Methods: A prospective comparative interventional study of 40 patients with IHPS was carried out over a period of 2 years from July 2008 to July 2010. The patients were divided into 2 equal groups of 20 patients in each. The study was designed that all patients selected for study were optimized preoperatively regarding to hydration, acid-base status and electrolytes imbalance. All surgeries were performed after obtaining informed consent. Standard preoperative preparation and postoperative feeding regimes were used. The patients were operated on an alternate basis, i.e., one patient by Double-Y Pyloromyotomy(DY) and the next by aRamstedt’s Pyloromyotomy (RP). Data on patient demographics, operative time, anesthesia complications, postoperative complications including vomiting and weight gain were collected. Patients were followed up for a period of 3 months postoperatively. Statistical assessments were done by using t test.Results: From July 2008 through July 2010, fourty patients were finally analyzed for this study. Any statistical differences were observed in patient population regarding age, sex, weight at presentation, symptoms and clinical condition including electrolytes imbalance and acid-base status were recorded. Significant differences were found in postoperative vomiting and weight gain. Data of post operative vomiting and weight gain in both groups were collected. Vomiting in double-Y(DY) pyloromyotomy group (1.21 ± 0.45days) vs Ramstedt’s pyloromyotomy (RP) group(3.03 ± 0.37days) p= 0.0001.Weight gain after 1st 10 days DY vs RP is ( 298 ± 57.94 gm vs193±19.8 gm p=0.0014), after 1 month (676.67±149.84 gm vs 466.67 ± 127.71 gm, p=0.0001), after 2months (741.33± 278.74 gm vs 490±80.62 gm, p=0.002) and after 3 months (582±36.01gm vs 453.33±51.64 gm, p=0.0001).No long-term complications were reported and no re-do yloromyotomy was needed.Conclusion: The double-Y pyloromyotomy seems to be a better technique for the surgical management of IHPS. It may offer a better functional outcome in term of postoperative vomiting and weight gain.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v1i2.19532

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