Estimation of annual effective dose due to ingestion of natural radionuclides in foodstuffs and water at a proposed uranium mining site in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1071-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soma Giri ◽  
V. N. Jha ◽  
Gurdeep Singh ◽  
R. M. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Uranium Mining ◽  
Mining Site

Justification of Remediation Criteria of Uranium Legacy Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
A. Titov ◽  
N. Shandala ◽  
Yu. Bel'skih ◽  
D. Isaev ◽  
M. Semenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Uranium Mining ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Safety Standards

Purpose: To present approaches to establishing the criteria for remediation of sites contaminated due to past activities of uranium mining and milling facilities. These facilities are considered today as uranium legacy. Results: This paper presents the justified reference levels expressed in terms of annual effective dose values, which are recommended for using as remediation criteria for sites contaminated due to past activities of uranium mining and milling facilities (uranium legacy sites). Depending on further use of the sites after remediation, these criteria range from 1 µSv/year, in case of temporary presence of the population, to 10 µSv/year, in case of permanent residence of the population and conducting economic activities. Conclusions: In accordance with the international basic safety standards, accepted more than 10 years ago, exposure situations from radioactive material retained from previous activities refer to the existing exposure situation. Nevertheless, neither Federal Law “On Radiation Safety of the Population” nor Radiation Safety Standards have so far introduced terms “existing exposure situation” covering exposure at nuclear and uranium legacy sites and “reference level”, which is used to assure radiation safety of the population living at legacy sites or using these sites for the purpose of the economic activities.

scholarly journals Specific Activities of Natural Radionuclides and Annual Effective Dose Due to the Intake of Some Types of Children Powdered Milk Available in Baghdad Markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Activities

In this research the specific activity of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were determined by sodium iodide enhanced by thallium NaI(TI) detector and assessed the annual effective dose in Dielac 1 and 2 and Nactalia 1 and 2 for children of less than 1 year which are available in Baghdad markets. The specific activity of 40K has the greater value in all the types which is in the range of allowed levels globally that suggested by UNSCEAR. The mean value of annual effective doses were 2.92, 4.005 and 1.6325 mSv/y for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K respectively.

Natural Radioactivity of Topsoil in Two Granite Areas of Guangzhou, South China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3691-3695
Author(s):  
Gang Song ◽  
Min Xing Lu ◽  
Qiu Ping Zhu ◽  
Di Yun Chen ◽  
Yong Heng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent

The natural radionuclide (238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K) concentrations in 152 soil samples were determined from two major granite areas in Guangzhou, using high resolution γ-ray spectroscopic system based on the characteristic spectral peaks. The mean activity values for 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found to be 156.6±98.8, 160.9±96.5, 184.8±101.5 and 832.5±493.1 Bq kg–1 dry mass, respectively. The absorbed dose rate (D) calculated from activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K ranged from 53.2 to 497.1 nGy h–1 with a mean of 220.7 nGy h–1. The Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the outdoor annual effective dose and the external hazard index (Ir), which resulted from the natural radionuclides in soil, were also calculated and found to vary from 119.7 to 1117.2 Bq kg–1, from 0.07 to 0.61 mSv and from 0.33 to 3.07, respectively. The radium equivalent activities and the external hazard index in all the soil samples were same as 64.5% higher than the limit of 370 Bq kg–1 and 1.0, respectively. The outdoor annual effective dose was higher than the worldwide mean value of 0.07 mSv.

Natural radioactivity, radon emanating power and mass exhalation rate of environmental soil samples from Karabük province, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslı Kurnaz ◽  
Şeref Turhan ◽  
Aybaba Hançerlioğulları ◽  
Elif Gören ◽  
Muhammet Karataşlı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk

AbstractIn this study, content of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and radon emanating power and radon mass exhalation rate of surface soil samples collected around industrial province Karabük in which the first iron steel plant was built in 1937 were determined by high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry with a high purity germanium detector. The average activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil samples were measured as 30 ± 2, 28 ± 2 and 251 ± 20 Bq kg−1, respectively. The average value of radon emanating power and mass exhalation rate of soil samples were found as 31 % and 19 μBq kg−l s−l, respectively. Assessment of possible radiation hazards to the people due to external exposure was done by estimating the outdoor absorbed gamma dose rate in the air at 1 m above the soil, the corresponding annual effective dose, and the excess lifetime cancer risk. The average outdoor gamma dose rate, annual effective dose, and lifetime cancer risk were estimated as 41 nGy h−1, 51 μSv y−1 and 2.0 × 10−4, respectively. A comparison of the activity and radiological results obtained for the studied samples with the corresponding worldwide average values indicates that the results are below the world average values.

scholarly journals The annual effective dose due to natural radionuclides in the reservoir and tap water in Yaoundé area, Cameroon

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Marie Lydie ◽  
R. Martin Nemba
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides

The average concentrations of radionuclides of reservoir and tap water in the Yaoundé area, with a population of 1.5 million inhabitants were estimated from measurements of mean specific activity using a well calibrated Canberra NaI(Tl) detector system. Water samples were collected from reservoirs and taps during the dry and the rainy seasons respectively in December 2002 and July 2003. The radionuclides observed with regularity belonged to the decay series naturally occurring radionuclides headed by 238U and 232Th as well as the non-series nuclide 40K. The average specific activity values obtained for 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively were for reservoir water 70 ± 11 BqL–1; 8.7 ± 3.5 BqL–1; 0.6 ± 0.2 BqL–1 during the dry season, and 50 ± 9 BqL–1; 8.5 ± 3.7 BqL–1; 0.6 ± 0.2 BqL–1 during the rainy season and for tap water, we have respectively 111 ± 17 BqL–1; 11.4 ± 3.7 BqL–1; 1 ± 0.3 BqL–1 during the dry season, and 51 ± 10 BqL–1; 9 ± 3.5 BqL–1; 0.7 ± 0.2 BqL–1 during the rainy season. The annual effective dose received by Yaoundé adult population as a result of ingestion of this drinking water is respectively 0.925 mSv for the reservoir water and 1.052 mSv for the tap water.

scholarly journals Uptake and Distribution of Natural Radionuclides in Cassava Crops from Nigerian Government Farms

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
C. P. Ononugbo ◽  
O. Azikiwe ◽  
G. O. Avwiri
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Transfer Factor ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
The Mean

Radioactivity distribution and transfer factor (TF) in plants are crucial parameters used to assess radioactive contamination in the environment, impact of soil radioactivity on agricultural crops and its risks to humans.  The root crop cassava (Manihot esculenta) provides about 50 percent of the calories consumed in Nigeria. Gamma - ray spectroscopy was used to measure activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in cassava root and soil. The average activity concentration of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in cassava was 565.31± 13.17, 21.89±5.94 and 817.28±2.52 Bqkg-1 respectively. The mean activity concentration   40K, 226Ra and 232Th in soil range from 92.07±35.08 to 689.28±14.35 Bqkg-1with a mean value of 413.64±21.22 Bqkg-1, 5.37 ± 8.90 to 64.93 ± 7.23 Bqkg-1 with a mean value of 54.43 ± 3.22 and BDL to 928.15 ± 2.36 Bqkg-1 with a mean value of 561.67 ± 2.21 Bqkg-1. The transfer values for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were in the range of 0 to 1.81, 0 to 3.41 and 0.68 to 4.5 respectively. The high value of transfer factor for 40k may be due to its importance in plant growth, fertilization and adaptability of plant to environmental pressures. It may have also been enhanced by the application of NPK fertilizers in those farms. Thorium showed the highest mean transfer factor which may be due to its higher accumulation in soil and higher uptake by plants (Figure 3). The average transfer factors of 226Ra (0.99) < 40K (1.55) < 232Th (1.66) show that although activity concentration of the natural radioisotopes in the area under study are high, the rate at which they are transferred to cassava are still moderate.  The average values of radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose rate (AEDE), internal hazard index and excess life cancer risk (ELCR) are 1009.27 Bqk-1, 346.50 nGyh-1, 1.51 mSvy-1, 2.78 and 3.92 x 10-3 for respectively. These values were higher than their corresponding permissible values of 370Bqk-1, 55nGyh-1, 1.0 mSvy-1, 1.0 and 0.29 x 10-3 respectively. The mean values of Hex and Hin are greater than unity and may, therefore, constitute a significant radiological health risk. The mean annual gonad dose estimated value of 2943.90 mSvy-1  was above the world acceptable value of 300 mSvy-1 and the annual effective dose in all the samples except in few locations as shown in Figure 2, exceeded the safe value of 1.0 mSvy-1. The use of soil from these farms and the crops may constitute a threat to the bone marrow and general health conditions of the inhabitants.

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