Desquamation and the Role of Stratum Corneum Enzymes

Protein-bound γ-glutamylpolyamines have highlighted a new pathway in polyamine metabolism. Human foreskin keratinocytes offer a suitable model for this study. Indeed, they develop polymerized envelopes, as they differentiate, rich in ϵ-(γ-glutamyl)lysine and N1,N8-bis(γ-glutamyl)spermidine cross-links. We have found that the selective oxidation of N1-(γ-glutamyl)spermidine and N-(γ-glutamyl)spermine by FAD-dependent polyamine oxidase (PAO) may be one of the cellular mechanisms regulating the preferential formation of a sterically defined bis(γ-glutamyl)spermidine cross-link. The significance of this finding is unknown, but it suggests that the target of this PAO-modulation is to achieve the biochemical prerequisite for production of a normal epidermal stratum corneum.

Download Full-text

Sources and Role of Stratum Corneum Hydration

Skin Barrier ◽

10.1201/b14173-27 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 419-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Keyword(s):

Stratum Corneum ◽

Stratum Corneum Hydration

Download Full-text

Pharmacokinetics of Buprenorphine Hydrochloride (BN HCl). (2): Role of Stratum Corneum in Percutaneous Absorption of TSN-09 (BN HCl containing tape) in Male Rats.

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics ◽

10.2133/dmpk.16.584 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 584-589

Author(s):

Yasuhiro TAKAHASHI ◽

Shigeyuki ISHII ◽

Hironori ARIZONO ◽

Shin-ichi NISHIMURA ◽

Noriyuki SAITO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stratum Corneum ◽

Percutaneous Absorption ◽

Male Rats

Download Full-text

Immunocytochemical evidence for a possible role of cross-linked keratinocyte envelopes in stratum corneum cohesion.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/39.11.1717544 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 1531-1538 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

M Haftek ◽

G Serre ◽

V Mils ◽

J Thivolet

Keyword(s):

Stratum Corneum ◽

Cell Envelope ◽

Ultrastructural Localization ◽

Antigenic Determinants ◽

Cell Periphery ◽

Protein Distribution ◽

Cell Structures ◽

Physical Resistance ◽

Cell Envelopes

Cross-linked cornified envelopes are cell structures specifically synthesized by terminally differentiating keratinocytes. They are composed of proteins deposited at the cell periphery under the plasma membrane, and can be purified from epidermis by physicochemical extractions. The resulting keratinocyte "shells" are highly insoluble structures devoid of cytoplasmic components. The rigidity of the stratum corneum cell envelope seems to be one of the essential factors contributing to the physical resistance of this most superficial epidermal layer. We studied the purified cell envelopes from human plantar horny layer to determine their antigenic composition and protein distribution. The extraction protocol consisted of four 10-min cycles of boiling in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer containing 2% SDS and 1% beta-mercaptoethanol. The absence of any extractable proteins persisting in the purified pellets was checked with SDS-PAGE of the sample electroeluates. Indirect immunofluorescence as well as pre- and post-embedding immunogold labeling for electron microscopy revealed the persistence of several keratinocyte antigenic determinants on the purified substrates. The antibodies directed against involucrin, keratin 10, desmoplakin I + II, desmoglein (intracellular epitope), intercellular corneodesmosome proteins, and filaggrin (a considerably weaker reactivity) labeled the cell envelopes according to the ultrastructural localization pattern characteristic for a given antigen. We conclude that the cytoskeletal and desmosomal components become "embedded" in the highly cross-linked cornified envelope structures during the process of keratinocyte terminal differentiation. This underlines the central role of cornified envelopes in the physical resistance of superficial epidermal layers and indicates a possible importance of junctional proteins in this function.

Download Full-text

Role of solvent in interactions between fatty acids-based formulations and lipids in porcine stratum corneum

Journal of Controlled Release ◽

10.1016/j.jconrel.2003.10.016 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 207-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Mei Yin Wang ◽

Yi Yan Yang ◽

Paul Wan Sia Heng

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Stratum Corneum ◽

Role Of Solvent

Download Full-text

Role of Centella asiatica and ceramide in skin barrier improvement: a double blind clinical trial of Indonesian batik workers

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0510 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 589-593

Author(s):

Sylvia Anggraeni ◽

Menul Ayu Umborowati ◽

Damayanti Damayanti ◽

Anang Endaryanto ◽

Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Stratum Corneum ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Transepidermal Water Loss ◽

Double Blind ◽

Stratum Corneum Hydration ◽

Double Blind Clinical Trial

Abstract Objectives Batik dyes contain irritant chemicals that increase the risk of skin barrier disruption. This study aims to determine the effect of Centella asiatica and ceramide in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration of the stratum corneum and skin acidity (pH). Methods This was a double blind clinical trial of 30 Indonesian batik workers who suffered from skin dryness, but had no clinical manifestation of contact dermatitis. Subjects were given cream containing C. asiatica or ceramide that formulated and randomly labeled by manufacturer (PT Paragon Technology and Innovation). Both subjects and researchers were blinded to the type of the cream. Cream was applied to the hands and arms twice a day. Biological function of the skin (TEWL, stratum corneum hydration level, and skin acidity) was examined by Cutometer dual MP-580. Baseline was recorded in the first examination, followed by second and third examinations at two and four weeks after treatment. Results After four weeks treatment, there were significant improvement of C. asiatica application in evaluation of corneometer palmar (p=0.007; CI 95%), corneometer dorsum (p=0.001; CI 95%), and skin acidity dorsum (p=0.017; CI 95%). Ceramide application also gave significant improvement of corneometer palmar (0.038; CI 95%), skin acidity palmar (p=0.001; CI 95%), TEWL dorsum (p=0.023; CI 95%), corneometer dorsum (p=0.002; CI 95%) and skin acidity dorsum (p=0.011; CI 95%). There were no significant differences of C. asiatica effectiveness compared to ceramide in skin barrier improvement. Conclusions C. asiatica and ceramide can improve skin barrier hydration in order to prevent the risk of contact dermatitis in batik workers.

Download Full-text