Obstructive sleep apnea: Mechanisms of intermittent hypoxemia neural injury

2011 ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
Sigrid C. Veasey
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Neural Injury ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxemia

scholarly journals Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Evidence in Support of Benefit from Sleep Apnea Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie C. Lajoie ◽  
Anne-Louise Lafontaine ◽  
R. John Kimoff ◽  
Marta Kaminska
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxemia ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sleep Apnea Treatment

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep resulting in intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation. Research has recently increasingly focused on the impact of OSA on the brain’s structure and function, in particular as this relates to neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the links between OSA and neurodegenerative disease, focusing on Parkinson’s disease, including proposed pathogenic mechanisms and current knowledge on the effects of treatment.

scholarly journals Different Associations between Tonsil Microbiome, Chronic Tonsillitis, and Intermittent Hypoxemia among Obstructive Sleep Apnea Children of Different Weight Status: A Pilot Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Hai-Hua Chuang ◽  
Jen-Fu Hsu ◽  
Li-Pang Chuang ◽  
Cheng-Hsun Chiu ◽  
Yen-Lin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Oxygen Desaturation ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Desaturation Index ◽  
Oxygen Desaturation Index ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxemia

The tonsil microbiome is associated with chronic tonsillitis and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children, and the gut microbiome is associated with host weight status. In this study, we hypothesized that weight status may be associated with clinical profiles and the tonsil microbiome in children with OSA. We prospectively enrolled 33 non-healthy-weight (cases) and 33 healthy-weight (controls) pediatric OSA patients matched by the proportion of chronic tonsillitis. Differences in the tonsil microbiome between the non-healthy-weight and healthy-weight subgroups and relationships between the tonsil microbiome and clinical variables were investigated. Non-healthy weight was associated with significant intermittent hypoxemia (oxygen desaturation index, mean blood saturation (SpO2), and minimal SpO2) and higher systolic blood pressure percentile, but was not related to the tonsil microbiome. However, chronic tonsillitis was related to Acidobacteria in the non-healthy-weight subgroup, and oxygen desaturation index was associated with Bacteroidetes in the healthy-weight subgroup. In post hoc analysis, the children with mean SpO2 ≤ 97% had reduced α and β diversities and a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes than those with mean SpO2 > 97%. These preliminary findings are novel and provide insights into future research to understand the pathogenesis of the disease and develop personalized treatments for pediatric OSA.

scholarly journals Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular comorbidity: common pathophysiological mechanisms to cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-605
Author(s):  
M. V. Agaltsov ◽  
O. M. Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxemia ◽  
Eeg Activation

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with many cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Sleep apnea causes intermittent hypoxemia, chest pressure fluctuations and a reaction from the cerebral cortex in the form of a short awakening during sleep (EEG-activation). The consequences of pathological pathways are studied in experimental models involving cell cultures, animals, and healthy volunteers. At present, the negative impact of intermittent hypoxemia on a variety of pathophysiological disorders of the heart and blood vessels (vascular tone fluctuations, thickening of the intimamedia complex in the vascular wall, direct damaging effect on the myocardium) has a great evidence base. Two other pathological components of OSA (pressure fluctuations and EEG-activation) can also affect cardiovascular system, mainly affecting the increase in blood pressure and changing cardiac hemodynamics. Although these reactions are considered separately in the review, with the development of sleep apnea they occur sequentially and are closely interrelated. As a result, these pathological pathways trigger further pathophysiological mechanisms acting on the heart and blood vessels. It is known that these include excessive sympathetic activation, inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation. In many respects being links of one process, these mechanisms can trigger damage to the vascular wall, contributing to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. The accumulated data with varying degrees of reliability confirm the participation of OSA through these processes in the formation of cardiovascular disorders. There are factors limiting direct evidence of this interaction (sleep deprivation, causing similar changes, as well as the inability to share the contribution of other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, in particular arterial hypertension, obesity, which are often associated with OSA). It is necessary to continue the study of processes that implement the pathological effect of OSA on the cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in nocturnal blood glucose levels are associated with sleep-related features in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Ick Byun ◽  
Kwang Su Cha ◽  
Ji Eun Jun ◽  
Tae-Joon Kim ◽  
Ki-Young Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxemia

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a bidirectional relationship with insulin resistance conditions; however, the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to compare dynamic nocturnal glucose changes among patients with OSA of varying levels of severity and evaluate temporal changes associated with the cardinal features of OSA (sympathetic hyperactivation, intermittent hypoxemia, and sleep fragmentation) in nondiabetic subjects. Nocturnal glucose was measured with a continuous glucose monitoring device every 5 min during polysomnography (PSG). The OSA features were evaluated using heart rate variability (HRV), minimum saturation, and electroencephalography. Eleven subjects with moderate to severe OSA and 12 subjects with no or mild OSA were evaluated. Those with moderate to severe OSA showed an increasing trend in blood glucose levels after sleep onset, whereas those without or with mild OSA showed a decreasing trend (F = 8.933, p < 0.001). Delta band power also showed different trends during sleep between the two groups (F = 2.991, p = 0.009), and minimum saturation remained lower in the moderate to severe OSA group than in the no or mild OSA group. High degrees of coupling between nocturnal glucose levels and each OSA feature were observed. Altered trends in nocturnal glucose in moderate to severe OSA may reflect glucose intolerance and result in metabolic consequences. Managing the features of sleep-related OSA may have implications for metabolic management in the future.

scholarly journals Functional Role of Neural Injury in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian P. Saboisky ◽  
Jane E. Butler ◽  
Simon C. Gandevia ◽  
Danny J. Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Neural Injury ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Reduced cognitive function in patients with Parkinson disease and obstructive sleep apnea

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1120-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria P. Mery ◽  
Priti Gros ◽  
Anne-Louise Lafontaine ◽  
Ann Robinson ◽  
Andrea Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxemia ◽  
Osa Treatment

Objective:To assess the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nonmotor symptoms (NMS), including cognitive dysfunction, in patients with Parkinson disease (PD).Methods:Patients with idiopathic PD, recruited from a movement disorder clinic, underwent overnight polysomnography. OSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15/h. PD severity was assessed using the Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) scale and the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). NMS were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Fatigue Severity Scale, Apathy Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale, and PD sleep Scale.Results:Sixty-seven patients (61.2% male), mean age 64.4 (SD 9.9) years and motor MDS-UPDRS 21.9 (12.6) using levodopa equivalent dose (LED) 752.4 (714.6) mg/d, were studied. OSA occurred in 47 patients (61.6%, mean AHI 27.1/h, SD 20.2/h), and NMS in 57 patients (85%). ESS and MoCA were associated with the AHI (ESS β = 0.0670, p = 0.031; MoCA β = −0.0520, p = 0.043, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, LED, and H&Y). ESS was associated with respiratory arousals (β = 0.1015, p = 0.011) and intermittent hypoxemia (β = 0.1470, p = 0.006). MoCA was negatively associated with respiratory arousals (β = −0.0596, p = 0.049) but not intermittent hypoxemia.Conclusions:OSA is associated with sleepiness and cognitive dysfunction in PD, suggesting that OSA may be a reversible contributor to these NMS. Further studies will be required to evaluate whether OSA treatment can improve excessive sleepiness and cognitive dysfunction in PD.

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