Spatial structure of vegetation of the forb-feathergrass steppe subzone in the Southern West-Siberian Plain (Northern Kulunda)

1996 ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Namzalov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
West Siberian Plain ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Territorial Unit ◽  
Heterogeneous Vegetation

The standard sample area of 50 km2 for large-scale vegetation mapping has been taken on the water-shad of Bagan and Karasu rivers. Relief of the region is formed byelongate hills («griva») and depressions between them. The hills are occupied by arable land whereas the depressions are covered by natural vegetation. The main reguliarities of vegetation cover are presented on the vegetation map at 1 : 100 000 scale (fig. 1). 25 of the 31 numbers of the legend represent heterogeneous vegetation; these are territorial units, combinations sensu S. A. Gribova and T. I. Isachenko (1972) or phytocoenochoras after V. B. Sochava (1979). All the heterogeneous territorial units are subdivided into two categories – microcombinations and mezo-combinations. While the formers include complexes and microzonal series, the latters include ecological series and combinations. The inner diversity of territorial units is reflected in more details on the key plot of 100 x 100 m showing the vegetation of a small interhill depression with salt-rich soils. Through the comparison of different scale schematic pictures – 1 : 1000 (fig. 2a), 1 : 10 000 (fig. 2б), 1 : 50 000 (fig. 2в) – the process of generalization of territorial unit structures is illustrated, starting from the complexes, proceeding to microzonal series and, finally, to mezocombinations. The main territorial unit for large-scale and middle-scale maps is mezocombinations.

Typology of territorial units of vegetation for the purposes of large-scale mapping (the Kolguev Island as an example)

2015 ◽  
pp. 94-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Lavrinenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Class Group ◽  
Hierarchical System ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Kolguev Island ◽  
Basic Rank

A typological scheme of territorial units of vegetation (TUV) developed on the basis of the large-scale map of theKolguev Island is presented. Four basic rank typological units (division, class, group and type) define TUV positions in the hierarchical system of vegetation cover. The concepts of diagnostic syntaxon and combination of diagnostic syntaxa that occur exclusively or primarily within these typological units are introduced. Prodromus of the Kolguev Island vegetation consists of 42 syntaxa (association / subassociation / type of community). 38 types of TUV from 22 groups (8 homogeneous and 14 heterogeneous – serial and ecological ranks, complexes and combinations), assigned to 15 classes and 3 divisions are allocated on the vegetation map in 1 : 50 000 scale. The categories of different rank can be used as dynamic elements of the map legend. This approach gives us a possibility to combine the syntaxonomic diversity of plant communities and typology of TUV.

Ekatherina I. Rachkovskaya (the anniversary of the researcher of Kazakhstan, Middle and Central Asia vegetation)

2017 ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
E. A. Volkova ◽  
V. N. Khramtsov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Desert Vegetation ◽  
Botanical Institute ◽  
Komarov Botanical Institute ◽  
Eurasian Continent ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

On September 17, 2017 Ekaterina I. Rachkovskaya has celebrated her 90-year anniversary. She is the well-known researcher and expert of Asian steppe and desert vegetation. Her field routes cover vast areas of the inner part of Eurasian continent: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Mongolia, China. The scientific interests of E. I. are manifold — vegetation mapping and subdivision, botanical geography, structure of vegetation cover, ecology, etc. In the process of making maps and monographs describing the vegetation of large areas, E. I. Rachkovskaya united researchers from different regions and institutions, so most of her publications are in collaboration with other scientists. The main stages of her scientific pathway: 1954–1955 — study of the Northern Kazakhstan steppes with the aim of making vegetation map and natural subdivision (Karta…, 1960; Isachenko, Rachkovskaya, 1961). 1957–1968 — participation in Biocomplex expedition of the Academy of sciences of the USSR in Central Kazakhstan (Biokompleksnye…, 1969, 1976). 1964–1966, 1968 — the work in East-Kazakhstan cartographic expedition of Komarov Botanical Institute (Karamysheva, Rachkovskaya, 1973, 1975). 1971–1990 — the work in Soviet-Mongolian complex biological expedition of the Academy of sciences of the USSR and Academy of sciences of the Mongolian People Republic (Rachkovskaya, 1993; Karta …, 1995). 1976–1989 — Turanian cartographic expedition of Komarov Botanical Institute (Vegetation map…, 1995; Rachkovskaya, Khramtsov,2000; Botanical …, 2003). Since 1985 — the work in Kazakhstan (Vegetation …, 2010; Botanical-geographical …, 2010). E. I. Rachkovskaya has published about 200 papers, monographs and maps (list of publications see in: Volkova et al., 2007). Unique relevés of the Kazakhstan steppes made by E. I.  in the mid of the last century are widely used at present (Korolyuk, 2017). She continuous to publish her data in the journal “Vegetation of Russia” (Rachkovskaya, 2016) and in “Geobotanical mapping”.

Phytocoenotic diversity and vegetation mapping of the Zaisan depression, Kazakhstan

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-90
Author(s):  
L. A. Dimeyeva ◽  
B. M. Sultanova ◽  
A. F. Islamgulova ◽  
V. N. Permitina
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Bunch Grass ◽  
Floodplain Meadow ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Heterogeneous Vegetation

The paper presents the results of vegetation studies in the Zaisan depression. The middle-scale vegetation map (s. 1 : 500 000) was created. Dominant species of vegetation cover form several ecological-physiognomic vegetation types: psammophytic shrub, psammophytic wormwood, psammophytic grass, perennial saltwort, sagebrush, shrub, saxaul, sagebrush – bunch grass, coniferous forest; floodplain meadow, shrub and woody are characteristic types of river valleys. These types are represented in the map legend. Analysis of the ecological preferences of the dominant species of Zaisan depression revealed the edaphic amplitude of plant species. A large part of dwarf semishrubs (sagebrushes and perennial saltworts) is characterized by wide edaphic amplitude. Shrub Spiraea hypericifolia has also a wide edaphic range. Stipa sareptana is the most ecologically labile species among bunch grasses. Zaisan saxaul is mainly grows on brown and gray-brown soils. The legend to the map is compiled on the base of zonal-typological principle, it contains 35 numbers. 8 numbers of the legend show the homogeneous vegetation, 27 – heterogeneous vegetation. Zonal types of vegetation occupy 64% of the territory (deserts – 32.4%, steppes – 31.6%); intrazonal vegetation – 23.6%. About 17% of the territory is agricultural lands, mostly located in the steppe zone.

Approaches to the generalized large-scale vegetation mapping of the Kenozersky National Park

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-65
Author(s):  
A. V. Razumovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
History Of ◽  
Map Scale ◽  
Mapping Units

The territory of the Kenozersky National Park (Arkhangelsk region) is complex area due to diverse geologic and geomorphologic conditions and long history of agricultural practices. Heterogenic vegetation cover is typical for the whole territory. Five maps of key plots in a scale of 1 : 10 000 were made and the typological units (associations, subassociations and their variants) were shown. To show the vegetation cover on a generalized map in a scale of 1 : 200 000 the types of combinations of plant communities were used. These combinations are characteristic for the particular landscape patterns. Differentiating, characteristic and associated syntaxa of the combination types were revealed. The legend to the vegetation map (scale of 1 : 200 000) got two hierarchical levels. The highest hierarchical unites are represented by 7 types of combinations of vegetation; large mire systems are unified into two types according to prevailing combinations of mire vegetation. Types of vegetation combinations are divided into plakor and alluvial variants; they have three variants of transformation degree distinguished by a present state of plant cover and the land use history. Thus, each type of combinations got up to 6 variants that are the basic mapping units. The obtained territorial units of vegetation cover are largely the same as mapping units of the landscape map of the Kenozersky National Park. But they represent the original botanic-geographic data and their contours borders are different.

Showing the vegetation cover of flood-plains and river valleys on the Vegetation Map of Kazakhstan and middle Asia

1995 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
N. M. Kalibernova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Former Ussr

The fragment of the legend of the map concerning the vegetation of flood- plains and river-valleys in the subzones of northern and southern deserts is presented in the article. The map is compiled in Department of Vegetspon Geography and Cartography of Komarov Botanical Institute by a large team of botanists-geographers of the former USSR. The nature environments determining the development of vegetation of river-valleys in arid climate are conditioned by the intrazonal factors (alluvial and flood processes) at the background of natural zonal factors. Contrasts of environments and corresponding plant communities manifest themselves first of all. Mineralization of ground waters, salinity of soils, including the alluvial ones, are of essential importance. The practice of vegetation mapping of unstable habitats, to which floodplain landscapes belong, has shown that units of phytocoenological classification is of little use for this purpose. The heterogeneity of vegetation, consisting of short-term unstable serial communities generates a need for typification of space combinations of such phytocoenoses. For this purpose it is convenient to use generalized ecological-dinamic series, including plant communities of all levels within the limits of definite segment of valley. These series are the mapping units on the map. The vegetation of the first terrace is also nessecary to include in a single series with flood-plain vegetation because it has supplementary influence of ground waters. The higher divisions of the legend are based on zonal characters: vegetation of valleys in northern, middle and southern deserts. 13 numbers are used to show the vegetation cover of flood-plains and valleys. Additional 7 numbers are used for the out-of-valley meadow vegetation. The content is enriched by using of the letters by the numbers showing the geographic variants of series and ciphers for combination of series and out-of-series communities. The text legend is supplemented by the matrix (table), showing the subordination of subtitles, zonal position and geographic distribution of divisions. The types of series in the matrix are listed with indication of the main dominant species that gives the additional information on the legend divisions. The author's conclusion is that valley vegetation reveals clearly the zonal features, correlating with zonal (desert) vegetation.

Large-scale mapping of the catenas vegetation in Subarctic tundra

1995 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
S. S. Kholod
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Ecological Barriers ◽  
Functional Zones

One of the most difficult tasks in large-scale vegetation mapping is the clarification of mechanisms of the internal integration of vegetation cover territorial units. Traditional way of searching such mechanisms is the study of ecological factors controlling the space heterogeneity of vegetation cover. In essence, this is autecological analysis of vegetation. We propose another way of searching the mechanisms of territorial integration of vegetation. It is connected with intracoenotic interrelation, in particular, with the changing role of edificator synusium in a community along the altitudinal gradient. This way of searching is illustrated in the model-plot in subarctic tundra of Central Chukotka. Our further suggestion concerns the way of depicting these mechanisms on large-scale vegetation map. As a model object we chose the catena, that is the landscape formation including all geomorphjc positions of a slope, joint by the process of moving the material down the slope. The process of peneplanation of a mountain system for a long geological time favours to the levelling the lower (accumulative) parts of slopes. The colonization of these parts of the slope by the vegetation variants, corresponding to the lowest part of catena is the result of peneplanation. Vegetation of this part of catena makes a certain biogeocoenotic work which is the levelling of the small infralandscape limits and of the boundaries in vegetation cover. This process we name as the continualization on catena. In this process the variants of vegetation in the lower part of catena are being broken into separate synusiums. This is the process of decumbation of layers described by V. B. Sochava. Up to the slope the edificator power of the shrub synusiums sharply decreases. Moss and herb synusium have "to seek" the habitats similar to those under the shrub canopy. The competition between the synusium arises resulting in arrangement of a certain spatial assemblage of vegetation cover elements. In such assemblage the position of each element is determined by both biotic (interrelation with other coenotic elements) and abiotic (presence of appropriate habitats) factors. Taking into account the biogeocoenotic character of the process of continualization on catena we name such spatial assemblage an exolutionary-biogeocoenotic series. The space within each evolutionary-biogeocoenotic series is divided by ecological barriers into some functional zones. In each of the such zones the struggle between synusiums has its individual expression and direction. In the start zone of catena (extensive pediment) the interrelations of synusiums and layers control the mutual spatial arrangement of these elements at the largest extent. Here, as a rule, there predominate edificator synusiums of low and dwarfshrubs. In the first order limit zone (the bend of pediment to the above part of the slope) one-species herb and moss synusiums, oftenly substituting each other in similar habitats, get prevalence. In the zone of active colonization of slope (denudation slope) the coenotic factor has the least role in the spatial distribution of the vegetation cover elements. In particular, phytocoenotic interactions take place only within separate microcoenoses of herbs, mosses and lichens. In the zone of the attenuation of continualization process (the upper most parts of slope, crests) phytocoenotic interactions are almost absent and the spatial distribution of vegetation cover elements depends exclusively on the abiotic factors. The principal scheme of the distribution of vegetation cover elements and the disposition of functional zones on catena are shown on block-diagram (fig. 1).

Large-scale vegetation mapping of the Pinega river valley (the surroundings of Golubino village, Arkhangelsk oblast)

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-39
Author(s):  
M. A. Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Floodplain Forests ◽  
Floodplain Vegetation ◽  
Wet Meadows ◽  
Arkhangelsk Oblast

Geobotanical survey of floodplain natural complexes near gypsum outcrops in the Pinega river valley was done in 2015. Large-scale geobotanical map of the key polygon (scale 1 : 30 000) was composed. Typological units of vegetation were selected on the basis of the composition of dominant species and groups of indicator species. Homogeneous and heterogeneous territorial units of vegetation (serial series, combinations, environmental series) were used. 53 mapped unit types (25 homogeneous types and 28 heterogeneous types) were recognized. The floodplain vegetation consists of 17 homogeneous types of plant communities, 3 series, 14 combinations and 6 ecological series. The sites of old floodplain forests, such as willow forests with Urtica sondenii rare in the Arkhangelsk region and oxbow wet meadows with Scolochloa festucacea were identified.

Aleksandr A. Yunatov and his studies in Mongolia (to his 100th anniversary)

2009 ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Z. V. Karamysheva
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
First Time

The paper is dedicated to the famous geobotanist and botanical geographer A. A. Yunatov and his researches in Mongolia. Yunatov’s scientific activities and his role as an organizer of the science is analyzed. His personal contributions into a study of the vegetation of Mongolia are following: the vegetation cover of Mongolia was described in detail for the first time, zonal and altitudinal regularities of its distribution were revealed, the scheme of botanical-geographic regionalization and the first medium-scale vegetation map were compiled. Author’s research data were published in Russia, Mongolia and China.

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