Trees of Yadahalli Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India: A checklist

Yadahalli Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary is located in semi-arid zone of north Karnataka with heterogeneous vegetation types within it. The forest has variable geographical features such as rocky slopes, open grass lands, scrub forest, seasonal minor waterfalls and lakes. The present paper provides a checklist of tree species of Yadahalli Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary, Bagalkot, which spreads over the Bilagi and Mudhol taluka. The list comprises of 80 tree species belonging to 67 genera of 34 families. The family Fabaceae contributes 23 species followed by Moraceae, Rubiaceae and Rutaceae 4 species each. Out of 80 species, three species are endemic to Peninsular India, four species are Vulnerable (VU), and one species is Near Threatened (NT) at global level. The present work is an inventory of tree species of Yadahalli Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary, Bagalkot, in view to create awareness among the local people and to support the conservation activities in the forest.

Adjustments to SIF Aid the Interpretation of Drought Responses at the Caatinga of Northeast Brazil

Sun-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) relates directly to photosynthesis yield and stress but there are still uncertainties in its interpretation. Most of these uncertainties concern the influences of the emitting vegetation’s structure (e.g., leaf angles, leaf clumping) and biochemistry (e.g., chlorophyll content, other pigments) on the radiative transfer of fluorescent photons. The Caatinga is a large region in northeast Brazil of semiarid climate and heterogeneous vegetation, where such biochemical and structural characteristics can vary greatly even within a single hectare. With this study we aimed to characterize eleven years of SIF seasonal variation from Caatinga vegetation (2007 to 2017) and to study its responses to a major drought in 2012. Orbital SIF data from the instrument GOME-2 was used along with MODIS MAIAC EVI and NDVI. Environmental data included precipitation rate (TRMM), surface temperature (MODIS) and soil moisture (ESA CCI). To support the interpretation of SIF responses we used red and far-red SIF adjusted by the Sun’s zenith angle (SIF-SZA) and by daily Photosynthetically Active Radiation (dSIF). Furthermore, we also adjusted SIF through two contrasting formulations using NDVI data as proxy for structure and biochemistry, based on previous leaf-level and landscape level studies: SIF-Yield and SIF-Prod. Data was tested with time-series decomposition, rank correlation, spatial correlation and Linear Mixed Models (LMM). Results show that GOME-2 SIF and adjusted SIF formulations responded consistently to the observed environmental variation and showed a marked decrease in SIF emissions in response to a 2012 drought that was generally larger than the corresponding NDVI and EVI decreases. Drought sensitivity of SIF, as inferred from LMM slopes, was correlated to land cover at different regions of the Caatinga. This is the first study to show correlation between landscape-level SIF and an emergent property of ecosystems (i.e., resilience), showcasing the value of remotely sensed fluorescence for ecological studies.

Adjustments to SIF Aid the Interpretation of Drought Responses at the Caatinga of Northeast Brazil

Sun-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) relates directly to photosynthesis yield and stress but there are still uncertainties in its interpretation. Most of these uncertainties concern the influences of the emitting vegetation’s structure (e.g., leaf angles, leaf clumping) and biochemistry (e.g., chlorophyll content, other pigments) on the radiative transfer of fluorescent photons. The Caatinga is a large region at northeast Brazil of semiarid climate and heterogeneous vegetation, where such biochemical and structural characteristics can vary greatly even within a single hectare. With this study we aimed to characterize eleven years of SIF seasonal variation from Caatinga vegetation (2007 to 2017) and to study its responses to a major drought in 2012. Orbital SIF data from the instrument GOME-2 was used along with MODIS MAIAC EVI and NDVI. Environmental data included precipitation rate (TRMM), surface temperature (MODIS) and soil moisture (ESA CCI). To support the interpretation of SIF responses we have used red and far-red SIF adjusted by the Sun’s zenith angle (SIF-SZA) and by daily Photosynthetically Active Radiation (dSIF). Furthermore, we have also adjusted SIF through two contrasting formulations using NDVI data as proxy for structure and biochemistry, based on previous leaf-level and landscape level studies: SIF-Yield and SIF-Prod. Data was tested with time-series decomposition, rank correlation, spatial correlation and Linear Mixed Models (LMM). Results show that GOME-2 SIF and adjusted SIF formulations responded consistently to the observed environmental variation and showed a marked decrease in SIF emissions in response to a 2012 drought, that was generally larger than the corresponding NDVI and EVI decreases. Drought sensitivity of SIF, as inferred from LMM slopes, was correlated to land cover at different regions of the Caatinga. This is the first study to show correlation between landscape-level SIF and an emergent property of ecosystems (i.e., resilience), showcasing the value of remotely sensed fluorescence for ecological studies.

KEANEKARAGAMAN ODONATA DI WADUK SELOREJO KABUPATEN MALANG DAN SUMBER CLANGAP KABUPATEN KEDIRI

The Selorejo Reservoir administratively is located in Malang district while Sumber Clangap is located in Kediri district. Both of these locations have different environmental conditions both abiotic and biotic components. Selorejo Reservoir has fewer tree canopies and the area dominated with herbs from Poaceae. Sumber Clangap has heterogeneous vegetation from trees, bush, and herbs. Odonata diversity at Waduk Selorejo is never been studied before while Odonata diversity data at Sumber Clangap needed an update. This study aims to determine the diversity of Odonata in Sumber Clangap and Selorejo Reservoir. The method used in this study is the transect belt and visual day flying to get the data type and number of Odonata. Data were analyzed used the Shannon-Wiener Index. Selorejo Reservoir has 75 individual that is divided into 2 families of Odonata. Sumber Clangap Have 399 individual that is divided into 5 families. The results showed that there were 17 species of Odonata included in six families in both locations. The data showed that the measured diversity by Shannon-Wiener Index at Sumber Clangap H' = 1.81 which is higher than the diversity of the Waduk Selorejo, H' = 1.7.