PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISM CONSORTIUM OF VIRGIN TIGER HILL FOREST SOIL SHOWS HIGH LEVEL TOLERANCE TO PESTICIDE, ANTIBIOTIC, ANTIFUNGAL AND HEAVY METALS

Tiger Hill, a notified reserve forest is the highest point around Darjeeling town in Eastern Himalayan Hotspot. Soil nutrition of this forest area depends on nutrient recycling where phosphate solubilising microorganisms (PSM) has crucial role to play as it solubilises insoluble phosphorus salt to soluble forms. But, with rise in use of toxic chemicals these microbes are at threat. This research initiative explores isolation of PSM from Tiger hill forest soil to detect pesticide, antibiotic, antifungal and heavy metal tolerance. Soil sample from tiger hill has moisture (18.55%), pH (3.87), organic carbon (1.187%), total Nitrogen (1.02%) and Phosphorus in P2O5 form (10ppm). Isolation and screening of PSM were conducted on Pikovskaya’s agar medium. In vitro tolerance assay was performed to detect degree of tolerance in isolated PSM-consortium (PSMC). Pesticides like Fipronil, Thiomethoxame, Emamectin benzoate, Deltamethrin, Flubendiamide, Spiromesifen, Fenazaquin and Phorate exhibited complete to high degree of tolerance. PSMC was fully tolerant to antibiotic like Augmentin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, Ofloxacin, Co-Trimoxazole, Cefotaxime; antifungal Itraconazole and Fluconazole. Mild tolerance towards heavy metal salts like As2O3, SnCl2, CdCl2, CuCl2, CdSO4 and CuSO4 were detected. Synergestic effect of cells present in the isolated PSMC may also be an added advantageous property to tolerate pesticides, antibiotic, antifungal and heavy metal salts.

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In vivo and in vitro studies on heavy metal tolerance in Sesbania grandiflora L

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2009.3.2.67 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 48-64

Author(s):

Kadhim M. Ibrahim ◽

Shaimaa A. Yousir

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Tolerance ◽

Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽

Heavy Metal Concentration ◽

Callus Cultures ◽

Metal Levels ◽

Whole Plants

Several experiments were carried out to study heavy metal tolerance in tissue cultures or whole plants of S. grandiflora., Callus was induced and maintained on modified Murashige and Skoog, 1962 medium (MS) supplemented with (0.5)mg/l benzyl adenine and (2)mg/l 2,4-phenoxy acetic acid . Heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Cr or Zn) were added to the culture medium at different concentrations as contamination agents. In order to asses the effect of these heavy metals on seed germination; seeds were sown in soil contaminated with different concentrations of heavy metals for 3 weeks. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for analysis of samples taken from whole plants and callus cultures. Results showed that callus fresh weight decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration in cultural medium. Germination percentages and plant heights increased over time. However, a reduction occurred in these parameters with increasing heavy metal levels. Percentages of metals accumulated in calli were (0.001, 0.011, 0.012 and 0.013%) at (0.0, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1)mg/l Cd respectively; (0.001, 0.008, 0.016 and 0.006%) at (0.0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5)mg/l Co respectively; (0.001, 0.020, 0.034 and 0.015%) at (0.0, 0.075, 0.2 and 0.5)mg/l Cu respectively; (0.001, 0.013, 0.012 and 0.010%) at (0.0, 0.25, 0.4 and 0.5)mg/l Cr respectively and (0.027, 0.051, 0.059 and 0.056%) at (0.0 , 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5)mg/l Zn respectively. Percentages of metals accumulated in whole plants were (0.08, 0.55, 1.11, 0.83 and 0.44%) at (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0)mg/Kg soil Cd respectively; (0.11, 0.22, 0.55, 0.47 and 0.44%) at (0.0, 15.0, 30.0 45.0 and 60.0)mg/Kg soil Co respectively; (0.01, 0.10, 0.57, 0.58 and 0.72%) at (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0)mg/Kg soil Cu respectively. (0.08, 0.80, 1.28, 1.31 and 0.88%) at (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0)mg/Kg soil Cr respectively and (0.06, 1.11, 1.20, 1.83 and 2.22%) at (0.0, 100.0, 200.0, 300.0 and 400.0)mg/Kg soil Zn respectively.

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In vitro susceptibility of spiroplasmas to heavy-metal salts.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.23.1.22 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 22-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S C Whitmore ◽

J F Rissler ◽

R E Davis

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Salts ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility ◽

Heavy Metal Salts

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Large scale screening of heavy metal tolerance in flax/linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) tested in vitro

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.06.027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 527-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Iva Smykalova ◽

Miroslava Vrbova ◽

Eva Tejklova ◽

Martina Vetrovcova ◽

Miroslav Griga

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Large Scale ◽

Metal Tolerance ◽

Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L ◽

Large Scale Screening

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In Vitro Lymphocyte Reactivity to Heavy Metal Salts in the Diagnosis of Oral Mucosal Hypersensitivity to Amalgam Restorations

Dermatitis ◽

10.1097/01206501-199309000-00024 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

Marti Jill Rothe

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Heavy Metal Salts ◽

Amalgam Restorations ◽

Lymphocyte Reactivity

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Heavy Metals and the Mammalian Thymus: In Vivo and In Vitro Investigations

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/074823379401000308 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 191-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wanda Ficek

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Dna Content ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Male Rats ◽

Lead Chloride ◽

In Vitro Investigation ◽

Heavy Metal Salts

This experiment was performed to investigate changes in the thymus of Wistar-strain male rats administered cadmium chloride (CdCl2), mercuric chloride (HgCl2), and lead chloride (PbCl2) salts. The study involved measurement of: 1) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content; 2) ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content; 3) incorporation of 3h-thymidine during in-vitro investigation; and 4) histological and morphological changes. It was shown in investigations on DNA content that administration of heavy metal salts caused an average 76% decrease in DNA content compared to the control. Moreover, in the thymus of experimental animals, an average 69% decrease in vitamin C content was recorded. In in vitro cultures, heavy metal salts decreased the incorporation of 3H-thymidine in thymic cells.

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