scholarly journals METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE HYPER SENSITIVE RESPONSE OF POTATO PLANTS TO CLUSTERS OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE EGGS FOR USE IN BREEDING

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
I.S. Mardanshin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Sorokan ◽  
A.A. Gordeev ◽  
G.V. Benkovskaya ◽  
...  

The creation of new varieties of potato revealing innate highly effective mechanisms of protection against Colo-rado potato beetle is an urgent task of breeding, which requires the development of methods that allow standardizing certain plant responses to different aspects of the influence of this phytophage under laboratory conditions. The laying of eggs by insects on the surface of plant laves leads to the development of an intense protective reaction and the production of ovicides, intensive death of tissue, followed by the loss of eggs or their drying. To simulate the laying of eggs on the leaves, we used a washout from the surface of the clutches of the Colorado potato beetle containing a pool of elicitors of plant defense reactions. On cultivars Bashkirsky (high resistance to the Colorado potato beetle) and Udacha (medium-resistant cultivar), drying of leaf areas was observed in response to the treatment of the lower surface of the leaf blade, and on cultivar Rannyaya rosa (unstable cultivar), there was no reaction. The dried spots on the leaf blade were strictly limited to the place where the wash was applied. It was found that the formation of reactive oxygen species in response to the application of the washout occurs only on potato varieties Bashkirsky and Udacha with the development of a hypersensitive response, which corresponded to the drying of leaf blades observed under the field conditions at the sites of clutch attachment. Localization of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion occurs in the cells of the vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. On the Rannyaya Rosa cultivar, the application of the washout did not lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen spe-cies in the leaf tissue and the drying of the leaves.

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1326-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W.A. Hunt ◽  
A. Liptay ◽  
C.F. Drury

Host plant selection by Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)] was examined on tomato [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.] transplants fertilized with varying N, P, and K concentrations during greenhouse production. In choice tests conducted with beetles in the field and the greenhouse, the insect preference for plants increased with increasing leaf tissue N concentration, but P and K concentrations had no effect. Five-day, seedling acclimatization to outdoor spring temperatures before planting reduced the insect preference for plants.


2021 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
И.С. Марданшин

Создание сортов картофеля, устойчивых к повреждению колорадским жуком, – основное направление стабилизации картофельных агроценозов в долгосрочной перспективе. Цель настоящих исследований – совершенствование методики отбора генотипов с относительно высокой устойчивостью к повреждению колорадским жуком. Предложена методика отбора по фенотипическому признаку интенсивности проявления реакции сверхчувствительности (СВЧ) листовой пластинки листьев картофеля к яйцекладкам колорадского жука. Чтобы исключить зависимость селекционного отбора от наличия кладки насекомого на листовой пластинке из состава химических соединений, находящихся на поверхности хориона откладываемых яиц, был выделен эффектор, запускающий реакцию сверхчувствительности (СВЧ-реакцию) к появлению на поверхности листовой пластинки яиц колорадского жука. На основе результатов двухлетних полевых опытов на большом количестве сортообразцов установлено наличие положительной корреляционной зависимости средней степени (коэффициент 0,451) между интенсивностью образования некроза в ответ на обработку листовой пластинки эффектором СВЧ-реакции и уровнем устойчивости растений картофеля к фитофагу. Использование эффектора, запускающего СВЧ-реакцию на кладки яиц колорадского жука, позволяет оценивать гибриды в младших питомниках в отсутствии фитофага. В статье приводится подробное описание усовершенствованной методики оценки и отбора устойчивых к насекомому генотипов с использованием эффектора, запускающего СВЧ-реакцию на кладки яиц колорадского жука. Воспроизводимость СВЧ-реакции листьев картофеля на кладки яиц колорадского жука в полевых условиях при использовании биохимического эффектора позволяет провести визуализацию наличия устойчивости растений к вредителю, значительно облегчить оценку и отбор устойчивых генотипов, что в конечном счете существенно повышает результативность селекционного процесса. Creation of resistant potato varieties to damage by the Colorado potato beetle is the main direction of stabilization of potato fields in the long term. The aim of these studies is to improve the methodology for the selection of genotypes with a relatively high resistance to damage by the Colorado potato beetle. A method is proposed for the selection of genotypes with a relatively high resistance to damage by the Colorado potato beetle according to the phenotypic sign of the intensity of the hypersensitivity reaction (HR) of the leaf blade of potato leaves to the clutches of eggs of the Colorado potato beetle. In order to exclude the dependence of the selection screening on the presence of an insect clutch on the leaf blade, an effector that triggers a HR – response to clutches was isolated from the composition of chemical compounds on the chorion surface of the laid eggs. On the basis of two-year field experiments on a large number of cultivars, the presence of a positive correlation dependence of the average degree (coefficient 0.451) between the intensity of necrosis formation in response to the treatment of the leaf blade by the effector that triggers a HR – response and the level of resistance of potato plants to phytophagous was established. The use of the triggering effector HR – the reaction to the egg clutches of the Colorado potato beetle makes it possible to evaluate hybrids in younger nurseries in the absence of a phytophages. The article provides a detailed protocol of an improved methodology for assessing and selecting insect-resistant genotypes using the triggers effector HR – response to egg clutches of the Colorado potato beetle. Stable repeatability of the HR – response of potato leaves to clutches of Colorado potato beetle eggs in the field using the microwave response effector allows visualizing the presence of plant resistance to the pest, greatly facilitating the assessment and selection of resistant genotypes, which ultimately significantly increases the effectiveness of the breeding process.


2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusuya Rangarajan ◽  
A. Raymond Miller ◽  
Richard E. Veilleux

Leptine glycoalkaloids in leaves of the weedy diploid potato, Solanum chacoense Bitt., have been shown to reduce feeding by Colorado potato beetle (CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say). Development of cultivated potatoes with natural resistance to CPB has the potential to reduce costs and environmental impacts of production by reducing pesticide use. Through efforts to move the genes controlling leptine biosynthesis into cultivated potato, a series of hybrids was generated between the high leptine producing S. chacoense and a cultivated type, S. phureja Juz. and Buk. These hybrids were evaluated for solanine (+chaconine), leptinins, leptines, and total steroidal glycoalkaloid content. All hybrids contained leptines, but at different levels (ranging from 117 to 802 mg·g-1 dry weight of leptine aglycon). Some hybrids appeared to convert solanine (+chaconine) to leptinine and leptine efficiently and had no detectable solanine in sampled leaves. To verify the biological significance of these glycoalkaloids, leaf tissue was subjected to feeding assays with second instar CPB. CPB feeding rate ranged from 38 to 87 mm2·d-1 and was most closely correlated with leptine concentration. A minimum leptine level of 300 mg/100 g fresh leaves suppressed feeding by 50%, and levels below this had no effect on CPB feeding.


Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Hawthorne

Abstract A genetic linkage map was constructed from an intraspecific cross of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. This is an initial step toward mapping the loci that underlie important phenotypes associated with insect adaptation to an agroecosystem. The map was made with 172 AFLP and 10 anonymous codominant markers segregating among 74 backcross (BC1) individuals. Markers were mapped to 18 linkage groups and a subset of the markers with a mean intermarker distance of 11.1 cM is presented. A pyrethroid-resistance candidate gene, LdVssc1, was placed onto the map as well. The sex chromosome was identified by exploiting the XO nature of sex determination in this species using patterns of variation at LdVssc1 and the codominant markers.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1464
Author(s):  
Maja Čačija ◽  
Renata Bažok ◽  
Majda Kolenc ◽  
Tena Bujas ◽  
Zrinka Drmić ◽  
...  

Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is an economic pest of potato that has developed resistance to all classes of chemical insecticides, thus requiring alternative control measures. As a potential solution, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have proven effective in suppressing this pest, but their efficacy against overwintering generations of CPB in Croatia has not been sufficiently researched. The aim of this two-year (2018–2019) field study was to determine the efficacy of Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema carpocapsae applied to overwintering CPB adults. EPNs were applied at three doses (7.5 mil./10 m2, 5.0 mil./10 m2 (the recommended dose) and 2.5 mil./10 m2) by watering the soil where the adults were overwintering. The first-year results were satisfactory for both EPNs: the efficacy of S. feltiae ranged from 79.03% to 100.00%, while the efficacy of S. carpocapsae ranged from 77.32% to 96.22%. In the second year, the highest efficacy (69.57%) was obtained using the recommended dose of S. feltiae. Although the results are not consistent across the two years of our study and suggest further research, they indicate that EPNs have great potential in controlling overwintering CPB generations to reduce first generation abundance and damage, and also to prevent the spread of new generations to surrounding potato growing areas.


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