scholarly journals Field Efficacy of Steinernema sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) on the Colorado Potato Beetle Overwintering Generation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1464
Author(s):  
Maja Čačija ◽  
Renata Bažok ◽  
Majda Kolenc ◽  
Tena Bujas ◽  
Zrinka Drmić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
First Year ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Economic Pest

Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is an economic pest of potato that has developed resistance to all classes of chemical insecticides, thus requiring alternative control measures. As a potential solution, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have proven effective in suppressing this pest, but their efficacy against overwintering generations of CPB in Croatia has not been sufficiently researched. The aim of this two-year (2018–2019) field study was to determine the efficacy of Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema carpocapsae applied to overwintering CPB adults. EPNs were applied at three doses (7.5 mil./10 m2, 5.0 mil./10 m2 (the recommended dose) and 2.5 mil./10 m2) by watering the soil where the adults were overwintering. The first-year results were satisfactory for both EPNs: the efficacy of S. feltiae ranged from 79.03% to 100.00%, while the efficacy of S. carpocapsae ranged from 77.32% to 96.22%. In the second year, the highest efficacy (69.57%) was obtained using the recommended dose of S. feltiae. Although the results are not consistent across the two years of our study and suggest further research, they indicate that EPNs have great potential in controlling overwintering CPB generations to reduce first generation abundance and damage, and also to prevent the spread of new generations to surrounding potato growing areas.

scholarly journals Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
E.. McEnhill ◽  
E. Grafius ◽  
J. Sirota ◽  
C. Brunt ◽  
J. Ferrigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Light Rain ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Foliar Treatment

Abstract Fifteen insecticide treatments were tested at the MSU Montcalm Research Farm, in Entrican, MI, for their control of Colorado potato beetles (CPB). ‘Snowden’ potatoes were planted 12 inches apart with a 34 inch row spacing on 10 May. Treatments were replicated four times and assigned to plots in a RCB design. The plots measured 40 feet long and were three rows wide. There were at least two rows of bare ground between plots and five feet of untreated potatoes between plots in the same rows. The Admire and Mocap treatments were applied in furrow at planting. The first foliar treatment was applied, at 25% CPB hatch, on 18 June using a tractor-mounted sprayer (30 gal/acre, 40 psi). Subsequent first generation sprays were applied on 29 June and 7 July. Light rain occurred on 7 July before the insecticides had a chance to dry. Insecticide effectiveness was determined by counting the various stages of CPB on two randomly chosen plants from the middle row of each plot. Counts were done on 12 and 23 Jun and 3 and 12 July. Second generation methods were the same as for the first generation with sprays occuring on 19 July, 26 July and 2 Aug and counts on 18, 24 and 31 Jul. All plots other than the two Trigard treatments were sprayed with a maintenance spray of Imidan and PBO. Each plot was assessed for percent defoliation on 3 July and 9 August. The middle row of potatoes from each plot was harvested on 22 August, separated by size and weighed.

Toxicity and Field Efficacy of Cryolite Against Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larvae

1995 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1408-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanwen Huang ◽  
Zane Smilowitz ◽  
Michael C. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Field Efficacy

scholarly journals Field Testing of Efficacy of Three Environmentally Friendly Insecticides Against Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa Decemlineata [Say], Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) on Potato-Evaluation of the Effect on Yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ziga Laznik ◽  
Stanislav Trdan
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say

In 2007 and 2008 the field experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of three environmentally friendly insecticides against the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), with the aim of evaluating their effect on the yield of potato. 0.25 % water emulsion of Neem-Azal (active ingredient azadirachtin) was applied twice, while 3 % water emulsion of Aktiv (a.i. potassium salt of fatty acids) and 1 % water emulsion of Prima (a.i. refined rape oil) were applied eight times. In 2007, the potato yield was higher (25.3±3.2 t ha-1) than in 2008 (8.2 ± 0.8 t ha-1). In 2007 there were no significant differences in potato yield at different control measures and the yield ranged from 7.5 ± 1.3 t ha-1 (Aktiv) to 9.4 ± 1.8 t ha-1 (Prima). In 2008, the highest potato yield was recorded in Neem-Azal treatment (3.5 ± 0.7 t ha-1), while in two other insecticide treatments the potato yield did not differ significantly with control treatment neither with the Neem-Azal treatment. Potato tubers were classified into three fractions: fraction 1 (tubers <4 cm), fraction 2 (tubers between 4 and 5 cm), and fraction 3 (tubers > 5 cm). On average we produce 2.11 ± 0.06 t ha-1, 9.93 ± 0.53 t ha-1, and 13.17 ± 0.70 t ha-1 of potato in 2007, and 2.11 ± 0.20 t ha-1, 4.68 ± 0.37 t ha-1, 0.84 ± 0.29 t ha-1 of potato in 2008, respectivelly.

scholarly journals Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
Casey W. Hoy ◽  
Michael J. Dunlap
Keyword(s):  
Seed Piece ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Vine Killer

Abstract ‘Gemchip’ potatoes were planted 26 May at the Fry Farm, OARDC, Wooster, OH. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 9 inches between plants. Three Admire 2F seed piece treatments were applied at planting using a CO2 compression sprayer at 40 psi with an 8004 flat fan nozzle delivering the insecticide into the seed furrow. The field was treated on 16 Jun with 0.75 lb/ acre of Sencor DF. Fungicide, Dithane at 2.0 lb/acre, was applied 9 Aug. Paraquat, 1 pt/acre, was applied 7 Sep as a vine killer. Plots were two rows wide and 40 ft in length, with 10 ft alleys separating plots and 6 ft alleys separating blocks. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments were initiated when the first generation larvae were increasing in the plots in early Jul. Foliar applications were made 3 and 12 Jul and 3 and 12 Aug. The Trigard single application treatment was applied only on 3 Jul and 3 Aug. Foliar treatments were applied with a tractor mounted drop nozzle boom sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. Bond spreader sticker was added at 4 oz/ 100 gal solution to all rates of the following insecticides: Prokill Cryolite 96, AC303,630, M-Trak, and Novodor. Number of eggs, small larvae (instar 1-2), large larvae (instar 3-4), and adults were counted, and percent defoliation was visually estimated, in five 1-m lengths of row per plot approximately five days after each application.

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN QUEBEC BY AUGMENTATIVE RELEASES OF THE TWO-SPOTTED STINKBUG PERILLUS BIOCULATUS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad Cloutier ◽  
France Bauduin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Predator Density ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Perillus Bioculatus ◽  
Augmentative Releases

AbstractField plot tests during two seasons show that augmentative releases of Perillus bioculatus can control first-generation eggs and larvae of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) under Quebec short-season conditions. Stinkbugs mass-reared on CPB were introduced manually as 2nd- and 3rd-stage nymphs during spring oviposition of the beetle at densities of one nymph per 50–225 CPB eggs recruited per plant, in 0.025-ha plots. Sampling at intervals of 1–3 days measured predator establishment, CPB egg and larval mortality, and foliage protection level. Direct observations were used to document predator-prey relationships and to determine weather conditions favourable to P. bioculatus.In the 1 st-year test, with predators released over all plants within plots, CPB control was compared among: (1) stinkbugs alone, (2) the bioinsecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) as Trident™, (3) a combination of both control alternatives, and (4) no protection against the CPB. BT and stinkbugs, both alone and in combination, produced significant control as measured by percentage reductions in prepupal drop to the ground, new adult emergence, and foliage protection. Only treatments involving P. bioculatus reduced CPB egg eclosion which was the key control factor; it is strongly correlated with overall control level.In the 2nd-year test, predators were released in a central area comprising only 25% of all plants within plots. Predator and CPB egg mass densities were manipulated to produce predator: prey ratios of 0:1, 0:2, 1.5:2, 1.5:1, 3:2, and 3:1, representing average ratios of 0, 1.5,or 3 P. bioculatus per plant, and 1 or 2 CPB egg masses per plant at release time. As expected, central release produced complex interactions between control, and predator and prey densities. High beetle density slowed predator emigration from the centre, more so at low predator density than at high predator density. Predators moved more quickly within the same row than across rows. CPB eggs were destroyed in large numbers in both years but in 1993, final control correlated with larval rather than egg predation. A maximum 80% reduction in prepupal drop to the ground was obtained at the 3:1 predator:prey ratio (1 P. bioculatus:95 CPB eggs recruited per plant).The results prove the efficacy of P. bioculatus for biological control of first-generation L. decemlineata populations, at densities resulting in approximately 300 eggs laid per plant during spring oviposition in the study area. Despite low natural populations of P. bioculatus and unclear prospects for commercial availability at reasonable cost, it is evident that stinkbug releases have potential as a non-chemical control measure within an IPM program in Quebec potato production.

Effects of Straw and Leaf Mulches and Trickle Irrigation on the Abundance of Colorado Potato Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Potato in Connecticut

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
Leaf Mulch ◽  
Leaf Mulches ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Straw mulch reduced the number of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), larvae on potato during the first generation, and reduced the proportion of stems that were more than 50% defoliated compared to unmulched and unirrigated control plots. Leaf mulch and trickle irrigation did not affect number of larvae or the proportion of heavily defoliated plants compared to the control. None of the treatments significantly affected the number of adults per stem until the end of the first generation and none affected the number of egg masses, so the straw mulch must affect mortality or development of eggs and larvae. Both types of mulch and trickle irrigation increased yield relative to the control, perhaps due to lower soil temperature in a hot, dry year.

Resistance of New Zealand dairy pastures to ingress of summer-active annual grass weeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Tozer ◽  
E. Minneé ◽  
C. A. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
First Year ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Second Year

Yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) and summer grass (Digitaria sanguinalis) are summer-active annual grass weeds which infest temperate dairy pastures. A study was undertaken over 2 years to compare hand-sown yellow bristle and summer grass establishment, survival, and seed production in pastures grazed by dairy cows and based on (i) tetraploid perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), (ii) tetraploid perennial ryegrass and white clover (Trifolium repens), and (iii) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and white clover, to determine which pasture type offered the greatest resistance to these grass weeds. Ingress of grass weeds was similar in all three pasture types. Total dry matter production was similar for all pasture types for the first year and lower in tall fescue + clover than perennial ryegrass pasture in the second year. All pasture types had a similar distribution of microsite types (bare ground ± canopy, basal cover ± canopy) in both years. The annual grass weeds were most prevalent in bare ground + canopy microsites, which were also the most frequent of the four microsite types. In the first year, <5% of microsites were occupied within 2 months of sowing, whereas in the second year, microsite occupation remained >13% for all assessments. In the first year, panicle production of yellow bristle and summer grass was similar (averaging 4.1 panicles plant–1); in the second year, panicle production was greater for summer grass (0.80 v. 0.16 panicles plant–1, respectively). Where present, these annual grass weeds are likely to spread in dryland dairy pastures sown with either perennial ryegrass or tall fescue. Variability in their panicle production between years shows how their impact on pasture performance and consequent need for control measures will also vary from year to year.

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