scholarly journals Between action and comedy: On the Features of Titles of the First Russian Plays of the 1670s (Western European Aspect and Formation of Old Russian Drama)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Marianna V. Kaplun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
Western European ◽  
European Theatre ◽  
Additional Explanation

This article examines the features of the titles of the Russian plays staged at the court of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (1645–1676). The very fi rst plays written for the court theatre in the last third of the seventeenth century were: Artaxerxes Action (1672), Judith, or Holofernes Action (1673), A Little Cool Comedy About Joseph (1675), and A Pitiful Comedy About Adam and Eve (1675) authored by Johann Gottfried Gregory and Temir-Aksakovo Action (1675) authored by George Hüfner. The titles of the early Russian productions contained the terms “action” or “comedy”, which can be viewed in the context of the Western European theatre tradition, from which the authors of the fi rst plays, Gregory and Hüfner, who were German, originated. The features of the title designation require additional distinction, as certain patterns are found in the content of the plays, allowing a deeper analysis of the titles. “Action” in the title can be understood as a comedy due to the presence of German buffoonery in the text. “Comedy” means any theatrical action in Russia, but, when included in the title, “comedy” differs from “action” by the presence of clarifying defi nitions, the absence of interludes, and an additional explanation in the prologues. The titles of the fi rst Russian plays were not just meant to name the alleged performance at the court of Alexei Mikhailovich, but also to indicate its character to the viewer. All Russian plays were called comedies, but at the heart of them was a conditional division associated with the peculiarities of the perception of theatrical action in Russia, which only began to develop in the last third of the seventeenth century.

Some Renaissance Polish Commentaries on Aristotle's Rhetoric and Hermogenes' On Ideas

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-292
Author(s):  
Thomas Conley
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Cultural Milieu ◽  
Western European ◽  
Manuscript Collections ◽  
Area Of Study

Absract: In the present manuscript collections of the Biblioteka Narodowa in Warsaw and the Biblioteka Jagiellońska in Kraków are two commentaries on Aristotle's Rhetoric and two on Hermogenes' On Ideas, all evidently composed in the early seventeenth century. This study briefly surveys their contents and organization and attempts to locate them in the cultural milieu of Renaissance Polish scholarship, an area of study almost totally ignored by American and Western European historians of rhetoric.

Antiquarianism in the Near East

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-162
Author(s):  
Thomas Roebuck
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Near East ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Bodleian Library ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
International Scholarship ◽  
Western European

This chapter provides an account of Thomas Smith’s pioneering account of the archaeology of the ancient Near Eastern church, his Survey of the Seven Churches of Asia, first published in Latin in 1672. The book remained a huge influence on travellers to Asia Minor well into the nineteenth century, as clergymen and amateur archaeologists retraced Smith’s steps, with his book as guide. Drawing upon the vast archive of Smith’s letters and manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, the chapter places the book firmly in its original context, unpicking the complex interweaving of patronage, religion, and international scholarship which shaped the work. In the end, Smith’s book looks backwards and forwards: back to the traditions of seventeenth-century English confessionalized scholarship and orientalism, and forwards to later eighteenth- and nineteenth-century archaeological traditions. As such, this study sheds light on a pivotal moment in Western European approaches to the ancient Near East.

Iron household items with cutlers’ marks from excavations in Veliky Novgorod 13th – the first half of the 15th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Daria S. Serezhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Western European ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time ◽  
European Production

Experts in the blacksmithing of Ancient Russia have long been interested in iron household items with cutlers’ marks, such as knives and scissors. The research literature has already reviewed similar findings from Moscow, Tver, Torzhok, Pskov, Smolensk and Izborsk. In this study for the first time assembled, described and dated all iron knives and scissors with cutlers’ marks identified in the archaeological collection of Veliky Novgorod. All cutlers marks have been analyzed, and almost all have analogies in medieval Western European material. Almost all types of cutlers’ marks that are represented on Novgorod items are found on knives, and sometimes on swords or falchions found on the territory of Poland, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and England. There are similar cutlers’ marks on the territory of Ancient Russia, but in much smaller numbers. All items marked with the cutlers’ marks are products of Western European production, the old Russian blacksmiths did not practice branding their products. Most items with cutlers’ marks were brought to Novgorod from Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany. Individual items could get to Novgorod and from England through Hanseatic merchants. Items with cutlers’ marks found during excavations in Veliky Novgorod date back to the 13th – first half of 15th centuries.

The Naval Defence of British North America 1739–1763

1948 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
West Coast ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
The West ◽  
British North America ◽  
European Theatre

UNTIL the eighteenth century, British naval operations rarely strayed outside the strictly European theatre. Engagements in North American waters were isolated enterprises, having little connection with the decisive area of battle which lay off the west coast of Europe in the vicinity of the British Isles. This concentration of forces in home waters was deter-mined as much by structural, technical and hygienic deficiencies as by strategic doctrine. Disease and gales were always the worst enemies, and in the manner bf continental armies, the ships of the Royal Navy sought winter quarters in or after November. By the end of the seventeenth century, however, improvements in naval architecture and the technique of navigation, as well as methods of preserving food and protecting health (slight as they may appear to this age), enabled ships to keep at sea for longer periods, and at greater distances from their home ports.

Two Schools of Desire: Nature and Marriage in Seventeenth-Century Puritanism

2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belden C. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Garden Of Eden ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Nature Imagery ◽  
Evening Star

In Milton's description of the marriage of Adam and Eve in Paradise Lost, the entire Garden of Eden is seen to participate in the celebration of their union. Spousal and nature imagery are woven together, beauty and desire joined in the mystery of Adam's amazement at this gift of his “other self” newly received from God's hand. Says Adam of his wife,To the nuptial bowerI led her blushing like the morn: all heaven,And happy constellations on that hourShed their selectest influence; the earthGave sign of gratulation, and each hill;Joyous the birds; fresh gales and gentle airsWhispered it to the woods, and from their wingsFlung rose, flung odours from the spicy shrub,Disporting, till the amorous bird of nightSung spousal, and bid haste the evening starOn his hill top, to light the bridal lamp.Joyous birds, whispering breezes, welcoming stars—they all share in the couple's holy delight in each other and in God.

scholarly journals Created After, From, and For the Man?

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Von Schöneman
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
Feminist Discourse ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Diachronic Development

This article examines the diachronic development of Shiʿi exegetic discourse on the sentence Khalaqakum min nafs wāḥida wa-khalaqa minhā zawjahā (“created you from a single soul and created its mate from it”) in the Quranic verse 4:1, customarily read as describing the creation of the first couple, Adam and Eve. Applying feminist discourse analysis and focusing on the Arabic-language commentaries of twelve premodern Imāmī exegetes from the third/ninth to the eleventh/seventeenth century, my study reveals that the medieval commentary material both accumulated and transformed along a hermeneutical trajectory comprising three distinctive discursive stages. The first stage established the lore on Eve’s creation in dismissive terms, and the second strengthened these misogynous views to make the potential substance of Eve’s creation even more negligible. This concept was further expanded in the third discursive stage, in which the weak woman, inclined toward the material and the corporal, was seen as created to provide service and entertainment for the man. Her creation was thus used to justify gender hierarchy, even the seclusion of women.

scholarly journals "Monarchists" and "Republicans" in the Western European Political and Legal Thought of the 17th Century

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-150
Author(s):  
I. V. Galkin
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
Revolutionary Situation

The paper is devoted to the problem of theoretical approaches to monarchical and republican forms of government that were reflected in the works of representatives of Western European political thought of the 17th century. The seventeenth century is the century that opens the period of Modern Times. It was a turning point not only in the history of Western European civilization, but also in the history of philosophical knowledge and "positive" sciences, including in such a specific field as political thought, which developed at the intersection of philosophy and science. The political theory of the period, was able to rise to the realization of the objective of the imperfection of existing political institutions and give its recommendations for addressing the identified deficiencies, as far as it was possible in terms of initial imperfections is given to us in sensations of the world. The political thought of the historical period under consideration showed a lively theoretical polemic between the supporters of the monarchical and republican forms of government. The revolutionary situation developed in some of the advanced European states during the alarming seventeenth century made it possible to understand the advantages or disadvantages of the existing forms of government. It seems quite natural that the formation of the theoretical views of specific political thinkers or jurists was formed under the influence of the dominant ideology (or competing ideologies) of that time. Moreover, it should be noted that the monarchist or republican views of specific authors are not always theoretically well-reasoned, but are often based on the subjective preferences of thinkers. Thus, this paper highlights a rather ambiguous problem of the features of monarchical and republican forms of government in the political thought of the 17th century.

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